This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Eight o’clock news (id: healthinsight), author: ChenGuangjing, original title: "Multinational pharmaceutical companies in China for 40 years: from super-national treatment to ordinary players", the first picture comes from: vision china

For more than 40 years, multinational pharmaceutical companies have attracted countless amounts of money by virtue of China’s policy bonus and the environment where they have little power to compete with it.

In the running-in of multinational pharmaceutical companies and China’s characteristic market economy for more than 40 years, it has gone through the process from the initial foreign monks who can recite scriptures, to disenchantment, to checks and balances, and then to adjustment and discovery of new modes of getting along.

Objectively speaking, multinational pharmaceutical companies have contributed to the development of China’s pharmaceutical industry, and they have participated in creating the second largest pharmaceutical consumption market in the world.

However, they have enjoyed "super-national treatment" in China for a long time, including independent pricing and tax concessions.It has also brought many problems, including the intensification of overcapacity at the industrial end; The drug price in the public remains high, and patients can’t afford drugs.With the rise of local pharmaceutical companies, it is almost inevitable that their aura will recede.

The rise and fall of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China perfectly fits the development course of the whole pharmaceutical industry in China. So,The road taken by multinational pharmaceutical companies in China is almost a history of the development and policy changes of China’s pharmaceutical industry.

First, the first encounter: the introduction of more than just funds.

In 1978, China Pharmaceutical gross industrial output value was 7.3 billion yuan, which may not even be comparable to the revenue of a pharmaceutical company Pfizer-in the 1970s, Pfizer’s annual revenue was 1 billion dollars.

At that time, the pharmaceutical industry in China was in the stage of stumbling, and competitive domestic enterprises did not exist. There were only more than 500 kinds of drugs that hospitals could use daily.

Later, Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical, which claimed to have an annual income of 100 billion yuan, was still an unknown small factory in the town; Lianyungang Pharmaceutical, the predecessor of Hengrui, is still making hemostatic and disinfectant, and Sun Piaoyang, the technician who changed its fate, was not assigned here until four years later.

At first, foreign pharmaceutical companies were introduced, not for new drugs, but to introduce a large infusion model production line that meets the standards and can be sold all over the world.

The first foreign pharmaceutical company to enter China was Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. It was signed in 1980 and put into production in 1984. By the end of 1980s, Otsuka, China had been able to produce 8 kinds of injections, which were supplied to big hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and other cities, and also sold to Japan, with a double-digit increase in production capacity, sales volume and profit.

Otsuka, China, made a good start, and a large number of multinational pharmaceutical companies began to tentatively enter China.What they value has also developed from China’s industrial policy, preferential tax, low cost and labor to China’s huge market.

According to Medicine World, China joined the World Trade Organization as of December 2001.（WTO）The number of foreign-funded pharmaceutical enterprises in China has reached about 1790. The top 20 pharmaceutical companies in the world have invested and set up factories in China. In terms of market share, these enterprises account for half of the pharmaceutical market in China.

More important than market share,From production to sales, these foreign pharmaceutical companies have almost reconstructed the pharmaceutical industry in China.

Foreign-funded pharmaceutical companies not only brought more funds, mature technologies, brand-new concepts and management models, and more available new drugs to the pharmaceutical industry in China, but also brought the mainstream sales model in the pharmaceutical field at that time-academic marketing, and a new profession-pharmaceutical representative.

By 2016, China has more than 3 million medical representatives, supporting a huge sales system with a scale of 2 trillion drugs, serving 12,000 public hospitals in China.

In 1980s in China, under the strict planned economy system, pharmaceutical companies completed their production as planned, and then they were purchased by local pharmaceutical companies for unified deployment.

Pharmaceutical companies do not need to face the terminal market directly, and no one knows how to sell drugs in the modern pharmaceutical industry.

The pharmaceutical industry in Europe and America, after experiencing the rapid expansion and fierce competition after World War II, has long understood the key to the commercialization of medicine-doctors with prescription rights are the real customers of pharmaceutical companies, and the sales model for doctors is the truly effective modern pharmaceutical sales model.

Established in 1985, Xi ‘an Jansen introduced Jansen’s staff training mechanism and built the first pharmaceutical sales team in China, which is known as the "Whampoa Military Academy" in China’s pharmaceutical industry.(See:The 30-year ups and downs of China medical representatives.).

Most of these first-generation medical representatives employed by foreign-funded pharmaceutical companies have professional backgrounds, have access to first-hand scientific research materials, and were respected by doctors in the early days.

However, the situation changed quickly, and some domestic pharmaceutical companies quickly grasped the essence of pharmaceutical marketing and alienated it, resulting in sales with gold and kickbacks-hidden transactions.(doctor’s rebate+public relations rent-seeking)The cost once soared to 60% of the drug price.(See:China Medicine Changed the Past.).

Under the pressure of sales, foreign pharmaceutical companies have also begun to adopt a more subtle way of bribing doctors, as foreign media mentioned in a report in 2013: "Persuade with cash, gifts, vacations and other benefits.(medical staff)Write more prescriptions. "

All these will lay the foundation for a huge bribery case that is almost comparable to Waterloo, China, a multinational pharmaceutical company.

Second, localization: the rapid development of golden decade

In 2001, China officially joined the WTO.(World Trade Organization)China’s reform and opening up has deepened its integration with the world economic system.

Under the expectation of opening up to China and the expectation of the vast market, multinational pharmaceutical companies began to "settle down" frequently.

According to the later analysis of the industry, this process is to compete for the market, but also a confession meeting to show confidence in the China market. The giants scrambled to present "warlords" by investing in the establishment of R&D centers and factories.

After January 2002, more than 10 giants such as Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Roche, Takeda, Pfizer, GSK and AbbVie also set up R&D centers in China. Lilly Asia Venture Capital Fund has also targeted the China market, with an initial investment of US$ 10 million, and plans to invest US$ 100 million in drug research and development capacity in China within five years.

According to industry statistics, by 2016, these multinational pharmaceutical companies have spent more than 8 billion yuan just to set up research centers in China.

Different from the new construction in the field of research and development, the "falling" in the field of production and sales is more like a game of "greedy snake".

In 2000, Pfizer won the largest acquisition in the history of the pharmaceutical industry with a sum of 90 billion US dollars, acquired its research and development company Warner-Lambert, and put Atorvastatin.(trade name Lipitor)In the pocket, thus surpassing Merck, the former overlord, and ranking first in the pharmaceutical revenue list. This also triggered a wave of mergers and acquisitions

This "snake-eating" game also extended to China. On July 2, 2008, after nearly two years’ efforts, Bayer finally completed the necessary regulatory approval and bought Dongsheng Technology’s "White Plus Black" and other anti-cold and cough products for 1.072 billion yuan.This also opened the prelude for multinational pharmaceutical companies to merge with China pharmaceutical companies.

Second year(2009)In the first half of the year alone, at least seven multinational giants announced the expansion of factories and production lines or the news of mergers and acquisitions and joint ventures. In the 2010s, the momentum became stronger and stronger. Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, etc. joined in one after another. Among them, Sanofi bought the local pharmaceutical company Meihua Sunstone Group and bought a high price of over 520 million US dollars, which was the largest merger in China at that time.

Correspondingly, during the critical period of attracting investment in China, multinational pharmaceutical companies almost enjoyed the "super-national treatment" in policy.

Among them, mainly including tax incentives; Independent pricing, filing system, etc. Among all these "treatments", the most "useful" is the right of independent pricing.

Before the government pricing of most drugs was officially cancelled in 2015, only exclusive varieties could be priced independently. However, multinational pharmaceutical companies often introduce patented drugs into China, which can set higher prices.

This makes these drugs form a "scissors gap" with domestic drugs.

During this period, the scale of China pharmaceutical market has been greatly expanded. The output value of the top 100 pharmaceutical enterprises exceeds 300 billion yuan, but the concentration is less than 35%. The enterprises are "small, scattered and chaotic", and the product quality cannot be compared with imported drugs, let alone replaced. In order to compete for the market, a unique marketing model with gold sales was formed, and "emphasizing sales and neglecting research and development" began to become the mainstream of market competition during that time.

The market mechanism fails in the medical field, and the higher the drug price, the more room for operation. This is even more powerful for multinational pharmaceutical companies.Imported drugs occupy the commanding heights of the pharmaceutical market. And this advantage is more and more obvious after the patented drugs have passed the protection period.

Before and after 2006, the former director of National Medical Products Administration, Zheng Xiaoyu, was sentenced to death. As a warning, the whole drug supervision system overcompensated the behavior of rent-seeking and approving homogenized "new drugs". The drug review and approval in China was tightened rapidly, and the approval speed of domestic generic drugs was slow, resulting in a serious backlog.

In the pharmaceutical market of China, the price of drugs that have passed the patent period has started to remain high, and the gap with domestic generic drugs continues to widen.

According to some data, by 2013, the ratio of the original research drug of ceftriaxone to the retail price of generic drugs has expanded from the previous 6.25: 1 to 9.35: 1. One product and two regulations in the hospital have also become an imported product and a domestic medicine.

Many "life-saving drugs" with high technical barriers even have the highest situation in the world. For example, Gleevec of Novartis entered the mainland market of China in 2002, and the price per box was as high as 25,800 yuan. Since then, the price has remained basically stable, and by 2014 it has been much higher than 17,000 yuan in Hong Kong, China and 13,600 yuan in the United States.

Under the disparity of strength and weakness, multinational pharmaceutical companies have gradually entered the golden age of "lying down to make money" in China.

In order to further expand their advantages, multinational pharmaceutical companies also strive to expand their sales teams.

According to a paper published by Yale Law School scholars in 2014, the top 10 pharmaceutical companies in the world employ about 25,000 sales teams in China. According to IMS statistics, multinational giants such as Pfizer, Bayer and AstraZeneca have more than 2,000 first-line medical representatives, and there is a trend of further expansion.

According to statistics, the pharmaceutical market in China achieved a compound annual growth of 25% in the decade after 2000, and the income of multinational pharmaceutical companies also rocketed. AstraZeneca, for example, has built a factory in China for four years, and its sales revenue has exceeded 1 billion yuan, which is called the "dream team" of multinational pharmaceutical companies. Although other pharmaceutical companies do not have more data to prove it, they can also see clues from the grand annual meeting.

After Pfizer acquired Wyeth in 2010, an annual meeting in Dongguan, Guangdong Province cost 30 million yuan and more than 5,000 employees participated. At that time, it was called the "annual meeting of the best company". Previously, Bayer led more than 1,600 employees to carnival in Jeju Island, South Korea for 6 days, and the industry analysis cost will not be less than 30 million yuan.For a long time, the annual meeting of multinational pharmaceutical companies in China is an event that attracts the attention of the industry.

It was a prosperous time for multinational giants to develop rapidly. However, in the carnival, no one noticed the hidden worries that might make their "aura" recede.

Third, the blow: loss of supranational status

In 2013, GSK was fined a sky-high price for bribery in China, several senior executives were sentenced and one foreign executive was deported.

For a long time before GSK bribery case, multinational pharmaceutical companies were often regarded as synonymous with professionalism and compliance because of their "halo" in China market.

Until 2004, foreign media published an article exposing the "kickback shady" of pharmaceutical giants.People suddenly discovered that some so-called "standards", "rules" and "international practices", which people take for granted as reasonable behaviors, such as traveling and lecture fees, also have the risk of interest transfer.

However, in the process of law enforcement since then, due to hidden methods and insufficient legislation in China, regulators have not made a clear statement on these behaviors.

After GSK’s bribery case in China was exposed, people suddenly understood that the localization of multinational pharmaceutical companies has extended to the field of sales with gold, and the amount is so huge.

According to public information: GSK(China)In order to increase sales, a large number of salespeople were recruited and paid bribes to medical staff in medical institutions all over the country. Travel expenses, lecture fees, organizing tours, etc. are all ways to expand the use of drugs or expand their use. Only after 2007, GSK, like more than 700 travel agencies and consulting companies, transferred 3 billion yuan, which was suspected to be used for "illegal fund disposal".

Since the GSK case, people have clearly realized that,China’s regulators are ready to "shoot".

In fact, multinational pharmaceutical companies entered the China market in the form of joint ventures from the beginning. Their technology is often not the latest technology. It is mentioned in Mainstream-Wisdom of the Leaders of Pharmaceutical Companies in China that the overseas direct investment theory of developed countries clearly mentions that the core technology will remain in the headquarters, and the second-rate technology and production line will flow overseas. Inadequate management, and multinational pharmaceutical companies create book losses and evade taxes by making high prices of overseas raw materials.

During this period, scholars in China also realized that we can’t catch up with the international level by introducing foreign capital to build tertiary industry.

However, in the early days of reform and opening up, China’s technology was too weak, and these mature technologies can meet the demand to a certain extent.

However, in the subsequent development, local pharmaceutical companies in China are also rising rapidly.

Today, even the world’s leading PD-1 inhibitor has become the object of research and development. According to Baiaotai’s announcement, after Bristol-Myers Squibb and Merck launched PD-1 in 2014, 85 of the 154 PD-1 in the world were developed or jointly developed by China enterprises.

Since 2018, only five domestic PD-1s in China have been approved for listing.

Under the pressure of domestic drug competition, the imported PD-1-O and K drugs, which initially cost 1 million yuan to be listed in the United States, were given the lowest price in the world as soon as they entered China. After several rounds of price wars, the annual cost continued to drop sharply.

Especially after the national medical insurance negotiations, under the offensive of price reduction of domestic drugs, although the above two imported drugs were not successfully negotiated, the annual expenses were also reduced from more than 300,000 yuan and more than 200,000 yuan to more than 100,000 yuan. The domestic PD-1 can even reduce the personal out-of-pocket expenses to 10,000 yuan.

The state-led "Major New Drug Creation" project was also launched in 2008. By 2019, there were 139 new drug certificates, 44 of which were Class I new drugs. These drugs are all "chips" in the game of medical insurance negotiation and forced price reduction of imported drugs.

Before the GSK bribery case was investigated, "domestic Iressa" Ectinib went on the market. This small molecule targeted drug with completely independent intellectual property rights in China broke the monopoly position of European and American pharmaceutical companies. In the first national negotiation in 2015, Iressa was forced to reduce the price by 55%, and the average monthly cost dropped from 12,000 yuan to about 5,500 yuan. This is not only the preface of domestic substitution of imported drugs, but also gives the competent authorities the confidence to severely punish GSK.

Nowadays, innovation has become the common choice of more and more head pharmaceutical companies. Statistics show that the total value of China’s pharmaceutical industry has been close to 3 trillion yuan by 2017. In 2019, the income from the main business of the top 100 enterprises reached 929.64 billion yuan, with a growth rate of over 10%. The average R&D cost is more than 550 million yuan.

According to Wind data, the R&D investment of A-share pharmaceutical enterprises in China was less than 10 billion yuan in 2011, and it has exceeded 50 billion yuan by 2019. Judging from the annual reports, in 2020, there will be as many as 14 R&D investments in China exceeding 1 billion yuan; The research and development of more than 40 pharmaceutical companies accounts for more than 10%.

China is increasingly emboldened to reduce the price of imported drugs. With more and more domestic innovative drugs on the market and generic drugs passing the consistency evaluation, a subversive reform is gradually taking shape.

The rules of the game have changed, and multinational pharmaceutical companies have changed from the role of "wrestling" with policy makers to ordinary players, who can only comply with the rules and compete fairly with local pharmaceutical companies.

Fourth, the Great Retreat: How many people want to go back ten years ago?

In 2017, leaving the shut-down Shanghai Lilly China R&D Center not only announced the end of an era, but also seemed to push down the first domino of foreign companies’ assets withdrawing from China.

Then Novartis dissolved the biopharmaceutical research and development team in China, and the early research and development of antibiotics and antiviral drugs was stopped, and 140 people were abolished; GSK China R&D Center was abolished, and the project under research was transferred to American research center; Novo Nordisk China R&D Center layoffs; AstraZeneca China preclinical research business divested …

Dominos continue to overwhelm more business.

In 2019, Lilly sold the rights of antibiotic varieties Xikelao and Jingkexin in Chinese mainland, as well as the production plant of Xikelao in Suzhou.

Pfizer also packaged mature products such as Lipitor and Luohuoxi into Pfizer Puqiang and eventually merged them with generic drug giant Mylan.

Since then, GSK and Novartis have also sold their factories in China. Boehringer Ingelheim stripped off the promotion of Aiquanle, Kebite, Silihua and Sihehua; Mengdi Pharmaceuticals is simply selling its business unit in China.

In 2021, more and more heavy product lines in the past were "killed with tears".

Then, a batch of drugs began to withdraw from the China market. Just three months ago.(May 24)Among the 283 cancelled approval drugs announced by National Medical Products Administration, Weijianle of AbbVie is included.(Obipali tablets), Yi Chery(Dasebvir Sodium Tablets), Li Luo of Johnson & Johnson.(Procarbidol Succinate Tablets)Cape orchid with excellent time ratio(levetiracetam tablets), Novi of Merck.(Sigliptin Phosphate).

Many of these products, such as Merck’s hypoglycemic drug Genevix, are on the track with annual sales of several billion yuan, and now it is a mixed feeling to leave.As for the strategic deployment of multinational pharmaceutical companies, some investors even ridiculed that this is the "Dunkirk" of the pharmaceutical industry.

In the past four years, the state organized the centralized procurement of medical equipment, which set off a huge wave in the pharmaceutical market in China, which was called "tsunami". Although only 218 varieties are involved at present, the market scale is 220 billion yuan, but its foreseeable influence has made people who are used to the traditional marketing to conquer the world feel insecure.

There is no room for further clinical promotion, regardless of whether the bid is won or not, because the price is cut at the waist and ankle. The traditional marketing model is facing unprecedented challenges. It is difficult for multinational pharmaceutical companies to win the bid in order to maintain global prices.

In the field of innovative drug research and development, the giants have also encountered close-knit struggles from local enterprises. The once unattainable PD-1/PD-L1 was dragged into the Red Sea by China pharmaceutical companies. From the annual cost of millions of yuan to the minimum of less than 20 thousand yuan.

Mature products are surrounded by generic drugs, new products are facing price cuts in medical insurance negotiations and rapid attacks from competitors. Multinational pharmaceutical companies are in a crisis of being besieged on all sides.

In order to maintain their advantages and seek new growth points, in addition to divesting "non-core business", the adjustment and breakthrough of multinational pharmaceutical companies have never stopped.

In January 2019, the distance from cardiovascular heavy drugs was "determinable"(Chemical name: rosuvastatin)Just two months after losing the bid in the 4+7 pilot project, AstraZeneca, which is known as the "dream team", threw a heavy news: it has obtained the exclusive promotion right of Xuezhikang in Chinese mainland from the Green Leaf Group.

Multinational pharmaceutical companies sell proprietary Chinese medicines, which breaks through the inherent cognition of the industry. What breaks the industry cognition even more is that it has also started CSO.(Contract Sales Organization), "big package business".

A year later, AstraZeneca accepted the exclusive promotion right of a medical-grade home twelve-lead ECG instrument in China. According to the medical economic news, the company will also package 100 products-50 domestic or imported agent products and 50 diagnostic equipment products.

The sales cooperation between domestic pharmaceutical companies and multinational pharmaceutical companies is getting closer and closer, and the industry is beginning to be surprised by this treatment. Even Pfizer, once a "big pharmaceutical factory in the universe", has come to an end.

Not long ago, Cao Junyang, vice president and chief medical officer of Pfizer China, also revealed in an exclusive interview with the medical profession that apart from speeding up the introduction of self-developed products into China, Pfizer will also cooperate with local enterprises or multinational enterprises to give full play to its "leading commercialization advantage in the pharmaceutical field in China".

Simply understand, that is, to give play to its advantages in the sales field.

With the accumulation of sales teams in the past decades, the choice of multinational pharmaceutical companies is unexpected, but it is reasonable.

With the aging and high incidence of cancer, the pharmaceutical market in China has maintained a high-speed growth all the year round. Foresight Industry Research Institute predicts that by 2025, with its growth rate of 14% to 17%, it will exceed 5 trillion yuan.

Such a "big cake" can’t be eaten without sincerity, and multinational pharmaceutical companies are also trying their best.

From 1980 to 2021, the scale of the pharmaceutical market in China increased from less than 8 billion yuan to nearly 3 trillion yuan.

Can multinational pharmaceutical companies that have lost their "aura" subvert their profit model for 40 years in a brand-new pattern and rules and find a new way in this trillion-dollar market?

References:

Introduction, for digestion and absorption-Notes on an interview with China Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Cong Yu.

"Creating a New Management Situation by Producing World-class Products —— An Interview with China Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.", Zhang Zhitao.

Mainstream-the Wisdom of China Pharmaceutical Leaders, Tao Jianhong, Tan Yong.

The Impact of Foreign Capital Utilization on China’s Pharmaceutical Industry, Liu Xue, Chen Wenxuan, etc.

The investment mind of multinational pharmaceutical companies has changed, He Rong.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Eight o’clock news (id: healthinsight), Author: Chen Guangjing

With the recent official statements on optimizing and adjusting the real estate policy, a new round of stabilizing the property market has revived. The analysis generally believes that the signal that the current "policy bottom" is once again solid is obvious.

However, in the process of great changes in the relationship between supply and demand, it is particularly important to judge the boundaries and trends of policy easing. In the attempt to adjust and explore, many cities first gave a relatively safe way of encouragement-housing subsidies.

Data map: There are many high-rise buildings in the city. China News Service reporter Wang Dongming photo

Two provincial capitals increased subsidies.

On August 4th, according to the official micro-signal "Nanjing Real Estate Micro-government" of Nanjing Housing Security and Real Estate Bureau, Nanjing issued the notice of "Further Optimizing Policy Measures to Promote the Stable and Healthy Development of Nanjing Real Estate Market". The first of the eight policies is the implementation subsidy for purchasing new commercial housing.

Specifically, the new six districts are encouraged to continue to give a certain proportion of housing subsidies to those who buy new commercial housing within the specified period according to the actual regional market, and Qixia District and Yuhuatai District will give subsidies to the purchase of new commercial housing after evaluation based on the actual market within their respective jurisdictions, so as to effectively reduce the burden of rigid and improved housing purchase.

Zhao Qian, a senior analyst at the Central Finger Research Institute, pointed out that as early as 2022, several suburban areas in Nanjing, such as Liuhe, Lishui and Gaochun, had already implemented a series of subsidy policies. This official document, in addition to re-emphasizing that the new six districts can continue to implement housing subsidies, mentioned the new regulations for Qixia and Yuhuatai for the first time.

"This is also a policy put forward by Nanjing after comprehensively studying the buyers in various regional markets. Later, each district will introduce specific implementation details, and the implementation effect remains to be seen." Zhao Wei said.

Nanjing has also become the second provincial capital city to join in this round of property market adjustment. Just the day before the introduction of the New Deal, Zhengzhou issued 15 policies to regulate the property market, which also put the content of housing subsidies at the forefront, including subsidies for young talents to buy houses, families with many children to buy houses, and deed tax on housing purchases.

"Zhengzhou has a total of 15 policies, and 3 of them all mention various subsidies, which fully shows that in this round of property market boosting work, financial subsidies and other tools will be actively used, reflecting the new orientation of the current housing purchase policy." Yan Yuejin, research director of Yiju Research Institute, said.

　　Data Map: Painting boats swim on Qinhuai River in Nanjing, Jiangsu. China News Service reporter Li Bo photo

What is the thrust of the "icing on the cake" policy?

Following Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party’s "timely adjustment and optimization of real estate policy" on July 24th, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development followed closely to clarify the direction of policy support, many places quickly launched actions to release policies related to stabilizing the property market, and the content related to housing subsidies also became hot.

On August 4th, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province issued 18 real estate measures, which mentioned supporting the implementation of house purchase subsidies and continuing to implement phased house purchase deed tax subsidies. On August 1st, Jiangsu Jurong introduced a new policy to stabilize the property market, including deed tax subsidies for families with many children to buy new houses and deed tax subsidies for new commercial housing. On the same day, Sichuan Ya ‘an Economic and Technological Development Zone issued a new policy to stabilize the property market, and proposed to buy new houses to subsidize the purchase of houses, including subsidies for talents and families with many children.

"The biggest feeling is that although I spent a lot of money to buy a house before, I still feel like I am getting a subsidy." Citizen Xiao Miao (pseudonym) bought a new house in July this year, and after paying the deed tax, she applied for a subsidy for talents to buy a house. She received a short message one week after the application, and the money arrived less than half an hour later.

On social platforms, more and more people share their experience of applying for housing subsidies like Xiao Miao. At present, granting housing subsidies is one of the important means for cities to support housing consumption, and the frequency and proportion of policies remain high.

According to the statistics of the Central Finger Research Institute, in the first half of 2023, more than 50 cities have implemented the housing subsidy policy. The subsidy methods mainly include one-time subsidies according to sets or areas, one-time or phased payment of deed tax subsidies, payment of consumer vouchers subsidies, talent housing subsidies, and a certain proportion of housing price subsidies.

"In the short term, it is expected that the demand-side policy will still focus on reducing the threshold and cost of buying a house. The’ one district, one policy’ and the combination of the birth policy are important directions, and the credit policy for improving housing demand is also expected to increase." Chen Wenjing, director of market research at the Central Finger Research Institute, said.

However, there are also voices that housing subsidies tend to be short-term encouragement and assistance, and cannot really become a decisive factor affecting property buyers. The White Paper on House Purchase Intention in 2023 published by Leju. com shows that tax adjustment and house purchase subsidy have little influence on decision-making. In the choice of "which of the following changes will affect your decision to buy a house", "tax/interest rate will continue to decrease" and "large house purchase subsidy" can only affect 4.81% and 11.12% of buyers.

"Judging from the current relaxed environment of the property market as a whole, most of the housing subsidies in various places are part of the’ combination boxing’ of local regulation and relaxation." Zhang Bo, president of 58 Anjuke Research Institute, previously commented on the housing subsidy policy, saying that the effectiveness of a single policy on market release is relatively limited, and it needs to form a joint force with other regulatory relaxation policies, which will have a certain influence on the market.

　　CCTV News:Precision manufacturing is the main pillar of Japanese manufacturing, and it is regarded as Japan’s "national business card". However, last year, after Kobe Steel Works was exposed to fraud scandals and continued to ferment, more and more leading Japanese manufacturing enterprises encountered the "quality gate", and Japanese manufacturing was falling from the "altar" to the "quagmire".

　　"The problem of making Japanese manufacturers lose their sense of trust has developed into a criminal case." Kyodo News reported on the 5th that the Special Search Department and the Metropolitan Police Department of the Tokyo District Prosecutor’s Office of Japan conducted a home invasion search on five locations in Tokyo and Kobe office buildings of Kobe Steel Works and three factories on the grounds of suspected violation of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law that day. The report stressed that although the company voluntarily submitted some information, considering its decades-long data fraud, it decided to "carry out compulsory search".

　　Established in 1905, Kobe Steel Works is the third largest steel producer in Japan, the top supplier of aluminum products and copper products in Japan and one of the top 500 enterprises in the world. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe worked in Kobe Steel Works before he entered the political arena. He also revisited his hometown twice as prime minister and wrote an inscription praising his technology and quality.

　　However, in October 2017, many factories in Kobe Steel Works were exposed to long-term tampering with the factory inspection data such as the strength and size of aluminum and copper products, and then it was exposed that the parameters of iron powder products were falsified, which led to the questioning of its entire line of products.

　　The Chinese official website of Kobe Steel Works shows that "the wire rod for automobile valve springs is used by one in every two cars in the world", "the aluminum sheet for automobiles accounts for 50% of the Japanese market" and "the aluminum profile for railway vehicles accounts for the highest share of the Japanese market".　

　 　 　 　 　Therefore, the "suspected fraud" of Kobe Steel Works can be described as "pulling the whole body", and about 200 Japanese companies have been affected. Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Mazda, Suzuki and other Japanese car companies have confirmed the use of the problem parts, and the affected parts are mainly engine covers and doors. The Shinkansen train of Donghai Railway Company and the first Japanese-made jet regional aircraft MRJ under development were all found to have used aluminum products that did not meet Japanese industrial specifications.

　

City Establishment Office Supervision Daily

On September 5th, the Municipal Establishment Office conducted daily inspections on 47 points, including communities, communities, schools, parks, primary and secondary roads, back streets and alleys. The inspections found that there were 144 problems in some points, such as the garbage was not cleaned up in time, flying wires were charged, small advertisements were not cleaned up, and loess was exposed in many tree pools along the way.

First, create a point inspection situation

(1) Yujiang District

1. Yangliu Road (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

There are problems: (1) the font of a signboard is damaged; (2) There is no public service advertisement.

2. China schistosomiasis memorial hall (rectification time limit: September 7th)

There are some problems: (1) The bait station failed to deliver bait on time; (2) a flower bed board is damaged; (3) A public service advertisement faded seriously.

3. Shixin Xiangfu (Baita Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

The existing problems are: (1) The loess in the green belt is exposed; (2) Many construction wastes were not cleaned up in time; (3) Many small advertisements have not been cleaned up; (4) The track board is damaged.

4. Trust-mart (Guoxi Avenue Store) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Problems: (1)LED display screen is damaged; (2) There are few fire-fighting facilities on the first floor and their distribution is unreasonable; (3) There is a serious shortage of fire-fighting facilities on the second floor.

5. Yidu Community (Yanhe Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) A lot of sundries are piled up in disorder; (2) Many small advertisements have not been cleaned up; (3) The rat bait station is damaged.

6. Yanhe North Road (rectification time limit: September 7)

There are some problems: (1) Loess in many tree pools along the way is exposed; (2) A public service billboard collapsed.

(2) Yuehu District

7. Eagle King Huandong Garden (Dongfeng Lane Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) uncivilized drying; (2) the publicity column is blocked; (3) Overflow of bait from rat bait station.

8. Dongfeng Lane Community (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

There are some problems: (1) The exhibition content of the new era civilization practice station was not cleaned up in time; (2) The contents of vector control are incorrectly stated.

9. Shatangshi Nanyuan (Shatangshi Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Problems: (1) The setting of fire extinguishers is not standardized; (2) illegally growing vegetables; (3) The external facade of the trash can is dirty and smelly; (4) Flying wire charging.

10. Minxin Home (Minxin Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

There are some problems: (1) the public service advertisement is damaged; (2) The number of rat bait stations is too small; (3) The flower bed tiles are damaged; (4) Loess in many green belts is exposed; (5) Flying wire charging.

11. West Lake Jiayuan (West Lake Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) the manhole cover is damaged; (2) The fire extinguisher is not inspected monthly on time; (3) Accessible parking spaces are occupied; (4) The building surplus materials are not cleared in time; (5) Flying wire charging.

12. Century Garden Community (Shopping Mall Community) (Time limit for rectification: September 7th)

There are problems: (1) many small advertisements have not been cleaned up; (2) The accumulated garbage in the green belt has not been cleaned up; (3) The public service advertisement is damaged.

13. Hailiang Capital (Yingxi Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) The bulletin board is dirty; (2) The fitness equipment is damaged; (3) Loess in many green belts is exposed; (4) The number of rat bait stations is too small; (5) The garbage at the platform of the building was not cleaned in time.

14. Cangbei Road (Zhaojianong Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) occupying the road; (2) The responsibility of "three guarantees in front of the door" falls off.

15. Xinxin Road (time limit for rectification: September 7)

There are some problems: (1) Loess in many tree pools along the way is exposed; (2) Multi-outlet operation.

(3) High-tech Zone

16. Jinqiao Community (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

There are some problems: (1) The bait station failed to deliver bait on time; (2) The mini fire station is not provided with a monthly inspection card.

17. Huamu Road (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) store operation; (2) Loess in many tree pools along the way is exposed; (3) Garbage bins are not classified; (4) Oil stain on the wall.

18. Yingxi North-South Passage (rectification time limit: September 7)

Problems: the font of the enclosure public service advertisement is damaged.

19. Caofang Lijia (Bailu Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

There are some problems: (1) many garbage were not cleaned in time; (2) the banner falls off; (3) the cable is messy; (4) Many small advertisements have not been cleaned up.

20. Ruihe International (Jinqiao Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

There are problems: (1) flying wire charging; (2) uncivilized drying; (3) Many small advertisements have not been cleaned up.

21. Bailu Community (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Problems: No barrier-free parking spaces are set.

(4) Xinjiang New District

22. Hangong Shangcheng (pontoon community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) Many sundries are piled up in disorder; (2) 66 health literacy billboards are dirty; (3) uncivilized drying.

23. Longteng Riverside (Zhujia Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) uncivilized drying; (2) Small advertisements have not been cleaned up.

24. Xinjiang Dijing (pontoon community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: many uncivilized drying.

25. Minyue Home Phase I (Zhongyuan Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) The garbage in the trash can is overflowing and not cleared in time; (2) Small advertisements are not thoroughly cleaned up.

26. Minyue Home Phase II (Zhongyuan Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Problems: There are many weeds in the community.

27. Evergrande Royal View (Happy Community) (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

The existing problems are: (1) the sewer bypass board is loose; (2) The number of rat bait stations is too small.

28. Happy community (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) building materials are piled up in disorder; (2) The public service billboard is skewed.

(5) Municipal Urban Management Bureau

29. Huancheng West Road (rectification time limit: September 7)

There are some problems: (1) Loess in many tree pools along the way is exposed; (2) The cable box is damaged; (3) store operation; (4) The building enclosure is damaged; (5) Many places are overgrown with weeds.

30. Zhanjiang Road (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Problems: (1) The cable box is damaged; (2) Many white garbage in the green belt was not cleaned up in time; (3) Many small advertisements have not been cleaned up; (4) The track board is damaged.

31. Times Square (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) the track board is damaged; (2) The setting of mother-infant room is not standardized; (3) there is an uncivilized lying phenomenon; (4) The public service advertisement is damaged.

32. Citizen Square (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) the track board is damaged; (2) The signboard is damaged.

33. Anren Street (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) the manhole cover is damaged; (2) Pavement sanitation and cleaning are not in place.

34. Longtan Park (time limit for rectification: September 7)

There is a problem: the fly killing device is skewed.

35. Xinjiang Ecological Park (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: public service billboards are skewed.

(6) Municipal Bureau of Agriculture

36 Agricultural Technology Extension Center (time limit for rectification: September 7)

Existing problems: (1) the fence is defective; (2) forming a dead corner of sanitary waste for a long time.

Two, to create a special rectification supervision situation

(1) Yuehu District

1. Shaw Primary School (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

Existing problems: (1) Many scattered garbage were not cleaned in time; (2) graffiti on the wall; (3) Many public service advertisements and ditch cover plates are damaged; (4) The rat bait station is damaged and the signboard is missing.

2. No.3 Middle School (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

Existing problems: (1) Many cigarette butts and double-sided adhesive tapes on the wall are not cleaned; (2) Smoking exists in schools; (3) Signs, fitness equipment and iron fence are damaged; (4) The fire cabinet panel is damaged.

(2) Xinjiang New District

3. Binjiang No.1 Phase II (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

Problems: (1) The scattered garbage and broken glass slag in many unit buildings were not cleaned up in time; (2) graffiti on the wall, and small advertisements are not cleaned up; (3) bare wires.

4. No.5 Middle School (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

Existing problems: (1) scattered garbage and ground water are not cleaned up; (2) The picture of public service advertisement is damaged, the lamppost is rusted, the floor drain cover is missing, and no barrier-free signs are found for barrier-free facilities; (3) Loess is exposed in many places in the green belt; (4) There are no screen windows in the canteen, and the fly prevention measures are not in place.

(3) Municipal Education Bureau

5. No.2 Middle School North Campus (rectification time limit: September 7th)

There are some problems: (1) Grade 9 teachers in No.2 Middle School North Campus smoke in the dormitory aisle; (2) Many scattered garbage and cigarette butts were not cleaned in time; (3) Banners, doorframes and door handles of canteen doors are damaged; (4) There is no water saving sign in the bathroom, many accumulated stools are not cleaned, the flushing facilities in the toilet seat are damaged, and the baffle falls off; (5) The fire-fighting facilities of several fire cabinets are missing.

6. No.4 Middle School (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

There are some problems: (1) The doorman did not dissuade the students from riding electric cars without wearing safety helmets; (2) The speed bump is damaged.

(4) Municipal Urban Management Bureau

7. Lotus Market (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

There are some problems: (1) There are no classified garbage bins on the island; (2) Banners and window glass are damaged, and the bait of poisonous rat bait station overflows.

(5) Municipal Health and Health Commission

8. South Hospital of People’s Hospital (time limit for rectification: September 7th)

Existing problems: (1) many ceiling garbage and cigarette butts were not cleaned in time; (2) Indoor smoking exists; (3) The pavement, door panels, green belt guards, warning signs and lighting facilities are damaged, the wall skin falls off, and the landscape pieces are corroded; (4) the bait overflowed from the poisonous rat bait station; (5) The small advertisement in the bathroom was not cleaned, and the bottom cabinet of the sink was damaged.

(6) City Construction Investment Development Co., Ltd.

9. Construction site for the project of resettlement of landlord plot in the north area of Xinjiang New District (rectification time limit: September 7)

Problems: (1) Scattered garbage, piles of garbage and siltation were not cleaned up in time; (2) Signs and enclosures for public service advertisements are damaged; (3) The fire-fighting facilities of the fire-fighting cabinet are missing, and the cover plate of fire extinguisher box is missing.

10. Reconstruction of shanty towns in Xinjiang New District into villages in the north (rectification time limit: September 7)

Problems: (1) Scattered garbage, piles of garbage and siltation were not cleaned up in time; (2) Small advertisements are not cleaned up; (3) Multiple trash cans are damaged; (4) The public service advertisement picture of the ditch cover plate and enclosure is damaged.

11. Construction site of the second phase project of welfare home (rectification time limit: September 7th)

Problems: (1) Scattered garbage and piles of garbage were not cleaned up in time; (2) Small advertisements are not cleaned up; (3) The fire hose of mini fire station is missing; (4) The identification of protective shed of distribution box is damaged.

III. Opinions and suggestions

(a) increase investment, draw inferences from one system to rectify. In view of all kinds of problems existing in many parks, public squares, primary and secondary roads and back streets and alleys in the city, all relevant responsible units should further intensify the creation work, increase investment in the creation of public places, and compact the responsibility of "three-level responsible persons". At the same time, we will systematically rectify similar problems and improve the creation work through rectification.

(2) Intensify efforts and make persistent and strong rectification. In view of the recurrent problems in some communities and communities, such as uncivilized drying, untimely garbage cleaning, littering, and uncleaning of small advertisements, all localities and units should further improve their management level, adopt a "zero tolerance" attitude towards recurring problems, abandon the vague idea of "almost", and make meticulous progress at each point.

Original title: "Inspection Bulletin"

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The original Wei Yiyi three cooks

Recently, the pork stocks in hand have gone up a lot, but they are both happy and worrying.

Last year, when the price of pork was the highest, I ate a lot of cheap imported pork.

For imported pork, many people in Chinese still have bad feelings.

In addition to the epidemic factors, frozen meat makes people feel stale.

Of course, the most important thing is that many people think that imported pork has a peculiar smell. Some people say it is smelly, while others say it is coquettish.

The reason is that there is a saying that it is caused by killing pigs abroad without bleeding. Is this true?

01

In fact, all the serious pigs in the world are bleeding.

There is a long-standing saying that when pigs are killed abroad, they are electrocuted or suffocated with carbon dioxide, and then they are decomposed and cut without bloodletting, so pork has an odor.

And many of Chinese’s impressions of killing pigs are probably still indigenous methods: forcing pigs into a corner in a pigsty, tying up four hooves on their backs, and the pig butcher sealing his throat with a knife, bleeding all over the sky …

I have to say, both of these statements or impressions have some imaginary elements.

It is not impossible to kill pigs by indigenous methods, but the scene is too bloody and inefficient.

Killing pigs in slaughterhouses in China is actually similar to that in foreign countries. Electric shock or suffocation causes pigs to lose consciousness and then slaughter them.

Moreover, no matter in China or abroad, the slaughtered animals will bleed, so there is no problem of bloodletting.

If you don’t bleed after slaughter, the meat will rot more easily, and blood stasis will form on the surface, which will affect the beauty of the meat.

And what we usually eat, whether it is hot fresh meat or cold and sour meat, is spared blood.

Especially the meat with acid discharge, should be kept at 0℃-4℃ for 12-24 hours after slaughter.

On the one hand, it drained the blood and body fluids, on the other hand, the low temperature also inhibited the growth of bacteria, and the protein in the meat also changed, making the meat more tender.

Imported frozen meat is basically pre-acidified. However, the taste and flavor of frozen meat will indeed decline.

But if you say that smell, it’s really not because you didn’t bleed.

02

What is the real source of pork odor?

The unpleasant taste of pork is actually a kind of smell called Boartant.

The literal meaning is obvious. Some pork is stinky or coquettish, and its main source is boar pork.

Because boars contain high concentrations of androstenone and dung odor.

Androstenone is a male hormone and smells like urine. When boars grow up, the content of androstenone in their bodies will be very high, and even the saliva will smell of androstenone. There is no androstenone in sows, but the content is much lower.

Fecal odor is a substance that smells like poop. Generally speaking, the intestines of mammals contain fecal odor, and pigs are no exception. Pig dung odor is mainly produced in the large intestine, so you should pay attention to it when cooking well.

A part of the fecal odor will be excreted casually, and the other part will be absorbed into the body by the intestine and then decomposed by the liver.

However, there is an ultra-high concentration of steroids in boars, which will prevent the liver from decomposing fecal odor, so the undecomposed fecal odor will gather in boars’ fat and produce an odor.

However, most of the domestic pork we buy does not have this odor. Why do some imported pork have it? Is it unscientific to eat all sows in China?

In fact, both pork farmers and manufacturers want to try their best to remove the odor of boars. After all, no one will like it.

The most traditional way to get rid of the odor of boars is castration, which is also called knocking pigs in many places.

Because androstenone is produced in the testicles of boars when they are sexually mature, the steroid that prevents the decomposition of fecal odor is also a kind of testosterone.

Therefore, it is a common practice in China to castrate boars when they are very young, except for keeping breeding pigs. And sows, except those with piglets, were also slaughtered when they weighed about 100 kilograms.

Well, since castration can completely solve the problem, why don’t foreign countries castrate pigs? Do they like the taste?

In fact, it cannot be generalized whether foreign countries castrate pigs or not, and the situation in each country is different.

Let’s start with why some countries don’t castrate pigs.

No one likes the smell of boars, but there are two main reasons for insisting on not castrating pigs:

First, the issue of animal welfare. Some people think that castration of boars violates ethics and harms animal welfare, so castration is prohibited, and some countries require anesthesia before castration.

In 2010, the European Union requested to stop surgical castration of boars before January 1, 2018, but this goal was not achieved.

The second is the economic benefit. After castration, the feed conversion rate of boars will decrease, which is commonly known as "slow growth", and the fat content will increase, and the meat will become fatter.

Is there any way for castrated pigs to get rid of the smell of boars? Actually, there are.

A vaccine was launched around 2010, which can chemically castrate boars.

Vaccines are used to inhibit testicular function, thereby preventing the production of androstenone and steroids.

You can’t say that this vaccine has no effect at all, but in New Zealand, where this vaccine has been applied, the content of two substances that produce odor in pork is higher than the EU level.

03

What should I do if I buy smelly pork?

Although no one likes the smell of boars, they will still buy imported pork (after all, it is cheap) or accidentally buy pork with odor.

First of all, you need to do your homework before buying.

China’s main pork importers are Germany, Spain, Britain, the Netherlands, the United States, Canada, Brazil and other countries.

▲ Source: The second progress report of the European Declaration on Alternatives to Swine Surgery in 2015-2017.

Let’s talk about Europe, Spain and Britain, which have a large proportion of castrated boars, are likely to step on thunder; Some of the boars in Holland have been castrated, while more than 80% of the boars in Germany have been castrated.

In the above picture:

Red is the country that castrates less than 20% boars;

Yellow is the country where 20-80% boars are castrated;

Blue is the country where more than 80% boars are surgically castrated, but anesthesia (local/systemic) and/or long-term analgesia are used;

Green is a country that castrates more than 80% boars without anesthesia or analgesia.

In North America, the United States and Canada, there are also castrated boars, but the proportion is not so large, and there will be some restrictions on their use. It is unclear whether they will be imported to China.

▲ Import volume and proportion of major pork importing countries in China in 2018

As for Brazil, the country with the highest growth rate of China’s pork imports in the past two years, to be honest, no valid information has been seen.

If you really buy pork with bad smell, you don’t have to throw it in the trash can directly. There are still ways to save it.

The best way is to "run running water".

Wash the pork, put it in a cold water pot, fire it, and turn the fire to a minimum, so that it will almost go out.

For almost half an hour, a layer of blood foam floated on the surface, and the pork was fished out and washed with warm water. The pork treated in this way, although the skin is cooked, is still raw inside, and the odor has been removed.

In fact, to tell the truth, apart from the epidemic factors, there is nothing wrong with many imported pork except that it is not very delicious.

May we all eat more meat, eat meat well and eat good meat in the new year.

END

Wen | Wei Wei

Original title: "Imported pork has a strange smell, is it really because foreign countries kill pigs without bleeding? 》

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The original digging number is included in the topic # 44 migrant workers.

In recent weeks, I have a toothache. According to past experience, either my gums are severely atrophied or my teeth are cracked and need to be filled. So I hung up the number of a famous dental hospital in Guangzhou with my mobile phone, which was particularly difficult to hang up. It was full in recent days and I could only hang up the number four days later.

At 7 o’clock this morning, it was drizzling in the sky. I set off for the hospital, filled out a form to take a temperature measurement, and wanted to know whether the dental insurance could be reported at the registration office. I saw a buddy in front of me paying money, the first one was more than 6,700, and the second one was more than 1,900. I was so scared that I almost wanted to go home, but I wanted to come all over again. The dentistry was so profitable that I had to dig it.

At 8: 30, there were a lot of people sitting at the door. The hospital was not big, but there were departments in the elevator. I was looking at the dental pulp department.

On a whim, I want to see the flow distribution of people in various departments at this time, and I ran a circle on the upper and lower floors:

6F Children’s Stomatology: 1 person

5F Orthodontics Department: 8 people, Dental Pulp Department: 8 people.

4F Implant and Prosthetic Department: 8 people, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: 6 people.

1F Radiology Department: 5 people, Periodontology Department: 9 people.

(Not included in the treatment)

It’s my turn. After checking, it was concluded that a tooth needs to be filled. After paying the total fee of 305, I paid 200 medical insurance for reimbursement of 105. I just saw the expenses of various projects on the screen of the hall, and took a photo.

How to estimate the annual income of this hospital? It is known that the maximum number of doctors registered in a day is 30. From the registration applet, we can see that the number here is full almost every day, and we can see how many doctors there are in each department every day.

The number of patients per day can be calculated as follows:

Pediatric stomatology: 6 doctors *30 numbers =180 people.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: 5 doctors *30 numbers =150 people

Orthodontics: 7*30=210 people

Dental and endodontic department: 9*30=270 people

Periodontal disease department: 5*30=150 people

Implant Restoration Section: 5*30=150 people

According to this number of people, the registration fee alone can earn 10 yuan *1110 people =11100 yuan per day, which is really cool!

The total income can be estimated if there is another per capita cost. My idea is to take the cost of the most common treatment items in each department instead of the per capita cost. For example, periodontal disease is tooth cleaning, and dental pulp is tooth filling. Combined with the cost photographed in the hall and online data, some common treatments, such as tooth cleaning, pulling out a wisdom tooth, applying fluoride to the whole mouth, filling a tooth, etc., cost about 500. Roughly speaking, if 500 yuan is taken as the per capita cost, then the hospital’s annual income.

500 yuan *1110 people/day *365 days = about 200 million.

This hospital is only a small branch. If it is the General Hospital, it is estimated that its income will double. According to the hospital’s WeChat WeChat official account, there are 50 doctors here, which means that each doctor brings 200 million /50=4 million in revenue every year.

With such a high per capita income, it can be inferred that the income of dentists should be high. Digging through the financial report of a dental A-share listed company, which has 21 dental hospitals in Zhejiang, there are several interesting data in the financial report:

For example, the annual revenues of the above four stomatological hospitals are 620 million, 390 million, 140 million and 40 million respectively, and the net profit margins are 40%, 28%, 28% and 16% respectively.

For example, 54.99% of the cost of stomatological hospital is labor cost, which proves the high income of dentists.

So how high is the income of dentists? I searched a lot of answers in Zhihu. The monthly salary of dentists in public hospitals in first-and second-tier cities is between 10,000 and 20,000, and 30,000 to 40,000 if they are deputy directors or above.

Data reference from: https://www.zhihu.com/question/364101818/answer/958783096

Dentists in private hospitals earn more. Here is an authoritative data, which comes from the dictation of the founder of a dentist online platform:

At present, private dental hospitals basically adopt the salary method of basic salary plus commission. The monthly income of dentists with lower income is about 20,000 to 30,000 yuan, and the monthly income of dentists with higher income can reach 60,000 to 70,000 yuan. Some top dentists will have a higher commission, and may even break 500,000 yuan a month.

As we are now, we basically recruit doctors from some good public hospitals such as Huaxi Stomatology, and the success rate is still relatively high, because in private clinics, especially brand-operated private clinics, the treatment is also better, and the recognition of doctors in the industry is not worse than that in public hospitals.

He also mentioned that there is a great demand for dentists in China:

The ratio of dentists to population is only 1: 28,000, compared with 1: 1,000 in developed countries such as the United States, 1: 2,000 in Japan and 1: 4,000 in Western Europe, which fully shows that there is a great gap in the demand for dentists in China.

Source: https://www.iyiou.com/analysis/2018052373041.

I really envy, envy and hate. The key dentist is still a profession that gets more and more popular as he gets older. He will not retire at the age of 35 like the siege lion, and he has a high sense of security!

Original title: "How much can a dental clinic earn a year? 》

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　　Guangxi Baziling Great Wall VS Beijing Badaling Great Wall

　　Built in imitation of the Badaling Great Wall in Beijing, the Baziling Great Wall in Luchuan County, Yulin City, Guangxi Province quickly became popular and became a popular "punch-in" point for local people. On the 23rd, the reporter went to Luchuan County to visit this building which was called the Guangxi version of the "Great Wall" by netizens.

　　On November 23rd, aerial photography was taken of the "Baziling Great Wall" in Guilinggu rural tourist area, Luchuan County, Guangxi. Photo by Chen Guanyan

　　Starting from Luchuan County, it takes about an hour to drive to the Guiling Valley rural tourist area located in Baziling, Gao Qing Village, Shapo Town, Luchuan County, Yulin City. The gate of the scenic spot is a "Little Great Wall" built after the Badaling Great Wall, and the words "The Great Wall for Sightseeing in the Guling Valley" are impressive.

　　On November 23, tourists took photos at the "Baziling Great Wall" in the rural tourist area of Guilinggu, Luchuan County, Guangxi. Photo by Chen Guanyan

　　Climb up the stone steps and come to the highest "beacon tower" of the "Baziling Great Wall", surrounded by mountains and sometimes misty clouds. From afar, you can see Xiexianzhang, the highest mountain in Luchuan County. As can be seen from the aerial picture, the "Baziling Great Wall" is shaped like a "eight" and extends to both sides.

　　On November 23rd, aerial photography was taken of the "Baziling Great Wall" in Guilinggu rural tourist area, Luchuan County, Guangxi. Photo by Chen Guanyan

　　It was named "Baziling Great Wall" because it was built in Baziling.

　　Ruan Guansheng, the person in charge of Guilinggu Rural Tourism Zone, introduced that the "Baziling Great Wall" project was built under the guidance of Luchuan County Party Committee and Government, and efforts were made to create a new bright spot in the combination of industrial poverty alleviation and rural tourism. The project is planned to build 2000 meters. At present, the first phase of the project has been completed 450 meters, and the trial operation began during the National Day holiday this year.

　　Ruan Guansheng introduced that the "Baziling Great Wall" is actually a sightseeing corridor in the tourist area, named after it was built on the local Baziling. Before the project construction, it has been approved by Luchuan County Environmental Protection Bureau.

　　Ruan Guansheng said that the "Baziling Great Wall" was built on the ridge, which was originally a forest fire zone with sparse vegetation. Mountain fires often occur in the local area. After the "Baziling Great Wall" is repaired, Gao Qing Village and Bei ‘an Village on both sides will be separated to play the role of isolation and fire prevention. Considering the problem of environmental protection, the cement sand used in the construction of the "Baziling Great Wall" is all carried up the mountain by horses.

　　On November 23, tourists took photos at the "Baziling Great Wall" in the rural tourist area of Guilinggu, Luchuan County, Guangxi. Photo by Chen Guanyan

　　Quickly became popular and controversial.

　　Ruan Guansheng introduced that the "Baziling Great Wall" began trial operation during the National Day holiday this year, which attracted many tourists to visit and visit, and the small holiday received about 35,000 tourists. "At that time, tourists were full and meals were in short supply."

　　The reporter noticed that on the network platform, the topic of "high imitation of the Great Wall" has attracted the attention of many netizens. Netizens have different views on the "high imitation of the Great Wall". Some people think it is a "knockoff", which has no historical connotation and is meaningless. Some people think that it is good to climb the Great Wall in Guangxi.

　　On the 23rd, there was an endless stream of tourists visiting the "Baziling Sightseeing Great Wall". People have taken photos at the "Haohanpo" of the "Baziling Great Wall".

　　On November 23, tourists took photos at the "Baziling Great Wall" in the rural tourist area of Guilinggu, Luchuan County, Guangxi. Photo by Chen Guanyan

　　Xie Xiaoqin, a tourist from Yulin City, said that it is not surprising that the "Baziling Sightseeing Great Wall" attracted attention because it imitated the famous Badaling Great Wall. But it doesn’t have the cultural background of Badaling Great Wall, and it doesn’t tap the local characteristics. It’s hard to say how long it will be popular.

　　Ms. Luo, a tourist from Guangzhou, has been to the Badaling Great Wall in Beijing. She thinks that the "Baziling Great Wall" can’t be compared with the Badaling Great Wall, but for local people, the construction of the "Little Great Wall" can bring new leisure tourism projects, which is also good.

　　On November 23rd, tourists visited the "Baziling Great Wall" in Guilinggu rural tourist area, Luchuan County, Guangxi. Photo by Chen Guanyan

　　The project leader responds to the dispute.

　　Ruan Guansheng doesn’t care about these disputes. Ruan Guansheng said that the Great Wall of Wan Li is a famous tourist attraction and a place that Chinese yearns for. When she was in her seventies, my mother urged me to take her to the Badaling Great Wall in Beijing. However, it is a long way from Guangxi to Beijing and the cost is high. Many people, especially the elderly, rarely have the opportunity to experience climbing the Great Wall.

　　On November 23rd, aerial photography was taken of the "Baziling Great Wall" in Guilinggu rural tourist area, Luchuan County, Guangxi. Photo by Chen Guanyan

　　Ruan Guansheng introduced that Gao Qing Village is one of the second batch of key rural tourism villages in China. The rural tourism project of Guilinggu, located in Baziling, Gao Qing Village, covers an area of more than 130 hectares, and is planted with economic trees such as camellia oleifera, orange peel and camellia chrysantha, with an original ecological forest landscape stretching for dozens of miles, forming a new development path of "characteristic industry+characteristic tourism".

　　Over the years, Guilinggu Rural Tourism Zone has absorbed 72 poor households in the village to participate in rural tourism poverty alleviation industry, and implemented the model of villagers’ cooperatives+tourism enterprises+poor households to develop and expand tourism, providing a platform for poor households to get rid of poverty and increase their income.

　　On November 23rd, aerial photography was taken of the "Baziling Great Wall" in Guilinggu rural tourist area, Luchuan County, Guangxi. Photo by Chen Guanyan

　　Ruan Guansheng is a native of Gao Qing village. He worked in architecture in his early years and has some experience. He thought that Baziling Mountain was very suitable for building a sightseeing corridor, so he came up with the idea of building a condensed version of the Great Wall. "One is to satisfy the villagers’ desire to climb the Great Wall, and the other is to increase the attractions for rural tourism and promote tourism development, thus helping poor households to increase their income."

　　On November 23rd, tourists visited the "Baziling Great Wall" in Guilinggu rural tourist area, Luchuan County, Guangxi. Photo by Chen Guanyan

　　Ruan Guansheng said that Luchuan County has a good geographical location. In September this year, the Yulin-Zhanjiang Expressway in Guangxi was fully opened to traffic, making it very convenient for Guangdong tourists to travel to Luchuan County by car. In the future, the "Baziling Great Wall" will attract more tourists from Guangdong Province and even all over the country to experience it. "We are accelerating the improvement of tourism infrastructure and preparing for receiving more tourists."

　　Author: Chen Qiuxia Chen Guanyan

yuan

Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)

xiao

night

jie

festival

February 26th, 2021 is the Lantern Festival, which is near the weekend. During the holidays, people and vehicles flow heavily. In order to ensure the safe and smooth road traffic during the holidays and create a good road traffic safety environment for celebrating the festival, the Traffic Management Bureau of Jilin Provincial Public Security Department issued the "Lantern Festival Two Announcements and One Prompt" in Changchun City, asking the majority of traffic participants to reasonably choose travel time, travel routes and travel modes, avoid travel peaks and easy-to-block sections, drive safely and travel safely.

Weather conditions during the Lantern Festival

During the Lantern Festival, expressways are not free. According to the "Implementation Plan for Exempting Small Bus Tolls for Major Holidays", the policy of free passage of 7-seat (including 7-seat) small bus expressways will be implemented for four national statutory holidays: Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Labor Day and National Day.

Prediction of traffic flow during Lantern Festival

It is estimated that the population flow in the Lantern Festival in 2021 is significantly lower than that in previous years, and there is a strong uncertainty in traffic flow. Before the holiday, the traffic flow will be relatively dispersed, and after the holiday, it will be more concentrated, and the road traffic flow in the bustling business district will increase greatly.

Traffic safety tips for Lantern Festival

1. During the Lantern Festival, family reunions with relatives and friends and short trips increase. Drivers are requested to travel at the wrong peak as much as possible. In case of traffic congestion, please obey the traffic police’s command, do not force traffic jams, and do not fight for roads.

2. Friends get together to celebrate the Lantern Festival and drink more. Drinking alcohol will lead to slow response and slow action, and the driver’s ability to control the vehicle will decrease. For the safety of you and others, please remember "drink without driving, drive without drinking!"

3. Take part in the Lantern Festival folk celebrations. Never drive or take overcrowded minivans or passenger vehicles. Never take tractors, low-speed trucks or illegally operate "black cars" to travel.

4. When driving minivans and passenger vehicles through icy wading roads, please keep driving at a constant speed, keep a distance from the vehicle in front, and do not brake suddenly to avoid side slip.

5. There are many people in tourist attractions, so drivers should pay attention to civility and courtesy, obey traffic signals, don’t make a sharp turn at intersections or narrow sections without traffic lights, and pay attention to slowing down when driving through crosswalks or intersections to avoid unnecessary traffic injuries.

6. During the festival, the traffic volume is heavy. If there is a traffic accident, please call the police in time. If there are no casualties and minor traffic accidents, you should leave the scene immediately after taking photos, and drive to an open place to negotiate or call the police for handling, so as to prevent traffic congestion or secondary accidents; If there are casualties, protect the scene, rescue them in time, and call the police immediately. Don’t be lucky enough to escape.

Expressway driving tips

First, prevent the car from being in bad condition

Before leaving the vehicle, check the vehicle and keep it in good condition.

Second, prevent improper overtaking of passing cars

Try to avoid overtaking, and when passing, the qualified party should take the initiative to stop for courtesy; At night, the lights are used to signal to ensure that they meet slowly under safe conditions.

Third, prevent turning too fast

When turning, you should slow down the speed ahead of time, hold the steering wheel steady and tap it slowly. When the line of sight is not good, turn left to the right as far as possible to expand the driving sight.

Four, prevent braking too fast

Concentrate on driving, try to use predictive braking, and make good use of the engine’s drag to slow down to avoid emergency braking.

The Lantern Festival will remain unchanged.

If you encounter an emergency on the expressway, please call the 24-hour alarm number in time: 0431-12122.

Original title: "Friendly Tips | Don’t forget traffic safety during the Lantern Festival reunion"

Read the original text

1905 movie network news　"Because the world is round, we will meet again. On the 2307th day after the film was released, Guo Gangtang and his son reunited at the end of 24 years. This is the best ending of the movie. May there be no abduction in the world and no separation in the world. "

　

On July 13th, a press conference was held in the Ministry of Public Security, and it was announced that Guo Zhen (registered as Guo Xinzhen), the prototype of the abducted child of The Lost Orphan, was successfully recovered in the "Reunion Action" and a wedding ceremony was held. After that, the producers of The Lost Orphan released a poster to wish Guo Gangtang and his son a reunion. Lei Zekuan, who plays in the film, also specially recorded videos to express his wishes for the reunion of prototype Guo Gangtang and his son.

Andy Lau said, "Through this lens, I hope to tell Brother Guo that I admire your persistence and pay tribute to the efforts of the public security organs for many years. Here, I appeal to all my friends to join me in supporting the anti-trafficking work and hope that more separated families can reunite as soon as possible. "

In response to this incident, 1905 Film Network contacted the director exclusively at the first time.Peng SanyuanShe revealed that after the news of finding her son in Guo Gangtang was announced, she immediately contacted Guo Gangtang and told Andy Lau. Guo Gangtang replied to her, "Elder sister, I can live a normal life now", and Andy Lau at work quickly replied to her with a smiling face and a prayer gesture expression with his hands folded, very excited.

"Guo Zhen, you may be a little confused about the sudden appearance of your biological father, and you don’t know what to do, but you can learn about your father Guo Gangtang’s 24-year journey through many channels, and every step is love for you, so I wish his appearance is not a burden to you, only love itself!" While posting a message of blessing on the Internet, Peng Sanyuan hoped that Guo Zhen would not have too much psychological burden in the face of his biological father.

　

"I want to say to Guo Zhen, don’t have psychological burden, because for him, Guo Gangtang actually came to him with love 20 years late and blessings from many people." "Don’t think too much, just accept such a late love."Peng Sanyuan believed that Guo Gangtang had been psychologically prepared, because he had said in an interview that he would get along with Guo Zhen’s adoptive parents like relatives, and Guo Zhen’s heart would certainly be shaken, so he didn’t want to be affected too much and change his original life track.

　

Recalling the creative process of "Lonely Lost", Peng Sanyuan said that she began to pay attention to the group of abducted children after seeing the relevant reports of Guo Gangtang in 2010, and contacted the Baby Home Public Welfare Website and the Ministry of Public Security’s Abduction Office successively to track the whole situation of abducted children, and started to create this film after a lot of interviews.

　

The ending of Lost Orphan is that Lei Zekuan, the protagonist, embarks on a straight road and continues his difficult journey of finding relatives. Now prototype father and son finally get together, Peng Sanyuan said frankly:This is the real ending of the movie we expected at that time. We don’t want this father to be on the road forever.

The following is an interview record:

　

1905 Movie Network: Have you contacted the parties after you learned about this matter?

　

Peng Sanyuan:Because we have always had a group in Lost Orphan, including Guo Gangtang, and it is in this group that I posted. I told Gangtang that I was very happy, because he was probably very busy the other day. After he made an appointment, he sent me a short message. He said, Sister, I can live a normal life now.

　

1905 Movie Network: How did you reply?

　

Peng Sanyuan:I have 10,000 joys and 10,000 blessings. I really hope that he can return to a normal life track as soon as possible, live a normal life, and stop running around and suffering.

　

1905 Movie Network: After hearing that you knew about this matter, you contacted Andy Lau at the first time.

　

Peng Sanyuan:Yes, I didn’t tell Brother Hua until Guo Gangtang released the news to the media. I sent him a message. I said that the son of the prototype character of Lonely Lost had been found. He quickly gave me a smiling face and then a gesture of prayer. I guess he might be working at that time.

1905 Movie Network: You wrote an article in Weibo, which was not only a blessing to Guo’s father, but also some words to his son. Why do you think so?

　

Peng Sanyuan:Because Guo Gangtang is psychologically prepared for this matter, and Guo Gangtang has been running for more than 20 years, he is always looking forward to the day when he meets his son, so Guo Gangtang doesn’t need psychological construction, but Guo Zhen is different. He was originally in his own normal growth trajectory, and he didn’t know that he was abducted, so the sudden appearance of this matter should be a shock to him. The reason why he didn’t know, adoptive parents must have never told him that he wasn’t his own. If he had, he would have looked for him. Since he didn’t know, this matter would have been very shocking to him.

　

It takes a psychological time for him to accept Guo Gangtang, so I want to tell Guo Zhen not to have psychological burden, because for him, Guo Gangtang actually came to his side with love that was 20 years late and many people’s blessings. Don’t think too much about whether he should return to his biological parents’ home and how to treat his adoptive parents. I don’t think this should be his psychological burden. He just needs to accept such a late love.

　

I think both Guo Gangtang and Guo Gangtang’s family are wise enough to gradually establish parent-child relationship with their children and get along with their adoptive parents as relatives in the future. Because in previous interviews, Guo Gangtang once said that if he found a child, he hoped to get along with his adoptive parents like relatives. Therefore, Guo Gangtang is prepared, while Guo Zhen is not. I hope he can have a relatively normal life track under such a shocking situation and not change his life track.

1905 Movie Network: We saw Andy Lau,When the main creators sent their blessings, the film also sent a reunion poster. Is there anything different in your heart?

　

Peng Sanyuan:I was particularly moved. This is the real ending we expected at that time. We don’t want this father to be on the road forever. Because our original movie ending gave him a straight way forward, a relatively bright way, and gave him a vision. As the master said, if you do more good deeds, you will meet each other when you get together.

　

Because we can’t answer this question, when can he find Guo Zhen and when can he find his son?In 2037 days after the release of our film, they finally met, or by the efforts of the public security department, the happy ending was realized. For us filmmakers, this ending should be a real ending.

　

1905 Movie Network: From the director’s point of view, does this matter have any influence on your future creation?

　

Peng Sanyuan:I hope that each of our works can help and contribute a little to the society. No matter from which angle, it can promote the progress of the society and the kindness and beauty of the people. We still hope to do something for the society through our own artistic creation, and this original intention will not change.

　　Recently, China’s economic indicators from January to July were released one after another, which aroused a lot of concern.

　　As the largest trading partner of more than 120 countries and regions in the world, the next trend of China’s economy affects the pulse of the global economy.

　　In the past ten years, the air routes of 11 international hub ports along the coast of China have increased by 60%. The maritime service network connects the major ports of more than 100 countries and regions, making it the country with the highest maritime connectivity in the world.

　　At present, the century-old changes and the century-old epidemic are intertwined, and countries around the world are deeply impacted. How should we understand the challenges that China’s economy is experiencing and the expectations of future growth?

　　And how to find the right coordinates to evaluate China’s economy?

　　Master Tan worked out an account with the authority.

01

Which epidemic prevention and control mode has the lowest cost?

A research team of the National Bureau of Statistics has made a model calculation on the relationship between epidemic prevention and control policies, macroeconomic policies and economic loss rate in various countries since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic. The results show that:

　　From 2020 to the first half of 2022, the total economic loss rate of China was only 2.3% under strict prevention and control.

　　However, the economic loss rate under tight prevention and control (such as Japan and South Korea), passive prevention and control (such as Germany and France) and passive prevention and control (such as the United States and Britain) reached 3.9%, 5.5% and 5.9% respectively.

　　At the same time, after excluding the impact of macroeconomic policies, China’s economic loss rate dropped to.floor level.

　　The international media pointed out in an article entitled "China’s policy of" dynamic clearing "of COVID-19 infection contains lessons for other countries" that China’s anti-epidemic policy of "dynamic clearing" has achieved the goal that every country sought two years ago: low mortality and as little economic chaos as possible.

　　China’s epidemic prevention model has been achieved.Give consideration to anti-epidemic and production developmentThe effect.

　　A typical example is that in the first half of this year, China’s export data became the bright spot of growth, while the economic growth expectations of major countries in the world were declining.

　　02 　

　　Why has China become a global lifeline?

　　This is one of the perspectives of epidemic prevention cost accounting. China insists on "dynamic zero clearing", which reduces the manpower, material resources and economic and social costs as much as possible, in exchange for overall economic and social stability.

　　Behind China’s low economic loss rate is the stability and toughness of China’s supply chain and industrial chain under the policy of "dynamic clearing".

　　In the past two years, repeated outbreaks have made this more prominent.

　　Recently, Tan Zhu chatted with Yan Ci, the chief representative of China, the global container shipping logistics giant Maersk Group.

　　The year when Maersk invested in the first fully automated storage project in China was 2020, when the epidemic had just begun.

　　Maersk has a reason to dare to cast this project against the wind.

　　At the China International Fair for Trade in Services in 2020, Yanci praised the company for maintaining normal operation and uninterrupted supply chain with the help of China government.

　　During the epidemic, China fully guaranteed the production of enterprises with a stable soft and hard environment. The goods manufactured in China are continuously transported to the world through logistics companies like Maersk.

　　According to the statistics of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development,During the epidemic, China’s share of global merchandise exports increased from 13% in 2019 to 15% by the end of 2021..

　　Among them, China’s share in global electronic products exports increased from 38% in 2019 to 42% in 2021, and its share in textile exports increased from 32% to 34%.

　　China’s increased export share has become the "lifeline" for countries such as the United States and Britain to maintain their operations.

　　In 2020, when the epidemic just broke out, 83% of the imported masks in the United States were made in China, two-thirds of the protective clothing came from China, and 90% of the imported box refrigerators specially used for storing vaccines came from China, showing an explosive growth.

　　The epidemic prevention and control in China has stabilized the industrial chain and supply chain, making China a ballast stone to meet the needs of global epidemic prevention, production and life.

　　Stability in the face of wind and rain comes from the accumulation of a sword in ten years.The "Decoding Decade" broadcast by the main station is the best example.

Despite the epidemic, the number of China-Europe trains that are still running smoothly in the Eurasian continent has exploded in this decade, reaching nearly 900 times that of the opening year. Now, there are an average of 42 trains running between China and more than 190 European cities every day.

In the complicated global epidemic situation, stable policies and environment are more attractive, and the keen international capital flow is very convincing.

A few days ago, the Ministry of Commerce announced that from January to July this year, the actual amount of foreign capital used nationwide was 798.33 billion yuan, an increase of 17.3% on a comparable basis.

Investment is confidence.

　　03　　

　　Who has more confidence in China?

　　You can look at the four sources of investment in China highlighted by the Ministry of Commerce:

　　The United States, which has failed to prevent and control the epidemic, has increased its investment in China by 36.3%, and the rest of the countries are also allies that the United States is trying to win over.

　　You know, for a long time in the past, a focus of American diplomacy was to build small courtyards and high walls on the industrial chain with these countries as the axis.

　　But what is it?as the trend of the times indicatesMultinational enterprises have given their choices by voting with their feet.

　　According to the 2022 White Paper on American Enterprises in China released by the American Chamber of Commerce in China this year, more than two-thirds of the member companies continue to list China as the primary market.

　　Starbucks, a Seattle-based coffee chain, is committed to opening 6,000 stores in China before the end of the year.

　　Germany, in the first half of this year, set a record high for its investment in China in the first half of this year since 2000. Among the industries in which Germany increased its investment in China, there was its manufacturing "crown jewel" — — Automobile industry.

　　This year, German Volkswagen, which has been producing and operating in China for nearly 40 years, set the first subsidiary of its software company CARIAD in China — — This is also CARIAD’s first overseas subsidiary.

　　Nearly 40 years ago, the presence of Volkswagen once planted the seeds of growth for China automobile industry.

　　Today, in the eyes of the public, the establishment of a new factory in China, which ranks first in the world in the new energy automobile industry, represents the hope of the public.

　　Bringing the "leader" of China’s top industries to China means more precious confidence besides economic considerations.

　　From a global perspective, the United States, Japan, South Korea and Germany are the economic leaders in America, Asia-Pacific and Europe respectively, and they are also the weathervanes in their regions. Their choices are very convincing.

　　In fact, the Americans themselves have long forgotten: China is one of the countries with the highest total rate of return on foreign direct investment in the United States.

　　According to the U.S. Department of Economic Analysis, from 2000 to 2020, the average rate of return on American direct investment in China is14.7%, much higher than the US overseas direct investment.9.7%Yield.

　　On the contrary, if American companies reduce their investment in China by half, it will cause very direct damage to the American economy, and the one-time loss of gross domestic product (GDP) will be as high as 500 billion US dollars.

　　Even during the COVID-19 epidemic, the overall rate of return of foreign investment in China is still rising. In 2021, foreign investors can still get a rate of return of over 6% when they invest in China.

　　From a longer time dimension, the rate of return on investment in China in 2020 and 2021 remains at a stable level compared with before.

　　Under the epidemic, it remains stable, which is very telling.

　　Pan Yuanyuan, an international investment expert at China Academy of Social Sciences, told Tan Zhu:

　　The first characteristic of foreign direct investment is the long time period; Second, foreign-funded enterprises will also participate in management, bringing their own technology, experience and channels to China, and combining them with China’s resources for transformation. Therefore, unlike short-term speculative investment in the securities market, direct investment pays more attention to the fundamentals of the economy and is also more alert to risks and uncertainties.

　　In other words, the most important thing for foreign direct investment is the stability of a country’s economic expectations.

　　04

　　Where does the stability of China’s economic expectations come from?

　　Recently, the International Monetary Fund also increased the RMB weight in the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) from 10.92% in 2016 to 12.28%.

　　This figure is the confidence of the international community in the stability of China’s economy and financial market, and also the recognition of effective epidemic prevention and control in China.

　　In 2020, under the epidemic crisis, countries’ economic policies to deal with the impact are completely different.

　　Countries represented by the United States, passive prevention and control, but in order to get quick results in the short term, have adopted unlimited quantitative easing policies.

　　From the second quarter of 2020 to the first quarter of 2021, the year-on-year growth rate of M2 in the United States remained above 20%, and the average growth rate of M2 after the epidemic was about 10 percentage points faster than that before the epidemic.

　　Moreover, the United States has repeatedly introduced large-scale economic rescue bills. In 2021, the fiscal deficit ratio reached 12.4%, even higher than the historical high of 9.8% during the financial crisis in 2009.

　　The "strong medicine" seems to be effective quickly, but it has led to bad consequences.

　　During the epidemic, the United States not only ranked among the countries involved in the survey with an economic loss rate of 6.5% (excluding the impact of macroeconomic policies). The more direct performance is that the inflation level in the United States has reached a 41-year high.

Inflation in the United States not only makes American enterprises and consumers bear high production and living costs, but also transfers the crisis to the whole world.

　　According to the assessment of the Bank for International Settlements, the annual inflation rate of nearly 60% developed economies exceeds 5%, the highest level since the late 1980s. The inflation rate of more than 50% developing countries has also exceeded 7%.

　　The rapid interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve in response to inflation has expanded the debt scale of emerging market countries. According to the International Monetary Fund, there are currently 38 developing countries facing debt risks.

　　Under the impact of global inflation and the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hike, Sri Lanka was forced to declare bankruptcy due to "insolvency" and became the first new market country to default on its sovereign debt in 2022.

　　Compared with the strong stimulus measures of the United States, during the epidemic, China’s macroeconomic policies were always guided at a steady pace. In the first half of this year, the national consumer price index (CPI) rose by 1.7% year-on-year, far below the level of European and American countries.

　　Because of this, the US dollar index has risen by more than 11% this year, and the depreciation of the euro, pound and yen against the US dollar is between 10% and 17%. Compared with these major global currencies, the performance of RMB is relatively stable — — It depreciated by about 5.8% against the US dollar.

　　As Lu Jinyong, director of the university of international business and economics Foreign Direct Investment Research Center, said, China still gives people an expectation and hope — — A growth expectation, profit expectation and better and better hope.

　　One of the articles in the international media commenting on China’s economy was titled "China’s economy has hidden power".

　　What are the hidden forces of China’s economy?

　　It is to plan development and safety as a whole, and it is a prominent problem to deal with economic development with systematic concept.

　　It is the wind and waves that are high, but it is as tough as a rock, and it is slow and steady, and it has its own sky.