On December 29th, local time, the Italian government approved a decree, which strictly restricted the ships of non-governmental charitable organizations from carrying out illegal boat rescue operations in the Mediterranean, aiming at reducing the number of illegal immigrants entering the coastal areas of Italy. Many international aid groups are dissatisfied with this new regulation, saying that the rescue may be delayed and more illegal immigrants will die.

According to DPA, according to the new regulations, the rescue ship must sail to the designated port immediately after completing a rescue, and cannot continue to rescue other ships in distress carrying illegal immigrants at sea; Usually, the rescue boat will find a port to dock after rescuing a number of migrants in distress. Violation of the new regulations will result in a fine of up to 50,000 euros. If the regulations are repeatedly violated, the rescue boat may be confiscated or detained.

In addition, the new regulations require the rescued person to indicate whether he intends to apply for asylum, which European Union country to apply for asylum, and fill in the application materials before disembarking.

Among the main smuggling routes into the EU, Italy is the main entry point from North Africa to Europe via the Mediterranean Sea. These illegal immigrants often cross the sea in crowded and crude boats, and many people die halfway.

The Associated Press quoted data from the Italian Ministry of the Interior as saying that more than 103,000 illegal immigrants have arrived in Italy this year, an increase of 55% over the same period last year.

According to the Italian government, the reason why the actions of civilian rescue boats are restricted is because such actions attract more illegal immigrants to embark on the road of smuggling, which actually provides convenience for smugglers in the Mediterranean. In November this year, the Italian government once refused to dock two rescue boats carrying hundreds of rescued people, which triggered criticism.

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia meloni said at the year-end press conference on the 29th that the new regulations will make those NGOs that carry out the rescue of migrants at sea act in accordance with international law.

In addition to the new regulations, the ports of call designated by the Italian government are moving farther and farther north, away from the smuggling routes of immigrants.

The European humanitarian relief agency "Mediterranean Emergency Help Organization" said on the 29th that its rescue ship "Viking at Sea" rescued 113 people from an overloaded rubber boat two days ago, including many pregnant women, three newborns and 30 unaccompanied children, and is now heading for the northern Italian port city of Lavaine. It is far from the central Mediterranean route and takes four days to arrive.

Oliver Kulikovski, from the German Ocean Watch, said that the new Italian regulations will lead to more drowning incidents. "If more people are in distress at sea and rescue boats are forced to enter the port, it will violate the rescue obligation.".

In recent years, the tide of smuggling has intensified, and Mediterranean countries such as Italy, Cyprus, Greece and Malta have been under pressure. They criticized other EU countries for not fully fulfilling their commitments in sharing the burden of accepting illegal immigrants.

　　Hubei Daily News (Reporter Huang Junhua, arel) On April 2, Wang Menghui, secretary of the provincial party committee, and Wang Zhonglin, deputy secretary of the provincial party committee and governor, went to the provincial epidemic prevention and control headquarters and Wuhan City to visit the staff, community volunteers and public security police who fought in the front line of epidemic prevention and control, and to investigate and supervise the epidemic prevention and control work. Wang Menghui stressed that it is necessary to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on epidemic prevention and control at the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee meeting, adhere to the general strategy of "external defense input and internal defense rebound", adhere to the general policy of "dynamic zero clearing", pay close attention to all aspects of epidemic prevention and control, and continuously consolidate and expand the decisive achievements of epidemic prevention and control. We must persist in striving for progress while maintaining stability, better coordinate epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, and minimize the impact of the epidemic on economic and social development.

　　At the provincial epidemic prevention and control headquarters, the provincial leaders listened to the current epidemic situation analysis and the report on the epidemic prevention and control work. Wang Menghui pointed out that it is necessary to keep in mind the important instruction of the Supreme Leader General Secretary that "persistence is victory", always tighten the string of epidemic prevention and control, strengthen confidence, persevere, and grasp all prevention and control measures strictly. The epidemic prevention and control command system at all levels in the province should be kept active, and the working mechanism should be continuously improved to ensure efficient and sensitive operation. It is necessary to compact the "four-party responsibility", resolutely and effectively handle the local imported epidemic, and resolutely hold the bottom line that there will be no large-scale rebound of the epidemic. It is necessary to continue to promote vaccination and further improve the vaccination rate of "one old and one small". With the coming of holidays in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the mobility of people is increasing. It is necessary to make scientific judgments, make good plans, improve the level of scientific and accurate prevention and control, and constantly optimize the measures for epidemic prevention and control, so as to make the prevention and control work more targeted.

　　Subsequently, the provincial leaders came to the East Lake New Town Community to inspect the entrance and exit of the community, learn more about the prevention and control of the normalized epidemic situation in the community, volunteer service, etc., and relive the enthusiasm of the Supreme Leader General Secretary when he visited the East Lake New Town Community in March 2020. Wang Menghui said that the decisive achievements in the Hubei and Wuhan defense wars for epidemic prevention and control are fundamentally due to the wise command and steering of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the strong leadership and scientific response of the CPC Central Committee, the strong support of the people of the whole country and all sectors, and the joint efforts of the heroic Hubei and Wuhan people, which fully demonstrates the strong vitality and remarkable superiority of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. We should always bear in mind the earnest entrustment of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, adhere to the people first and life first, vigorously carry forward the great anti-epidemic spirit, speed up the construction of a grass-roots social governance pattern led by party building, give play to the main role of the masses, and jointly guard the important barrier of community prevention and control.

　　Fuhe Expressway Bayou is an important passage to Han. Provincial leaders came to the quarantine inspection point at the bayonet, carefully inspected the registration area, inspection area and observation area, learned more about the inspection of health code and travel code, nucleic acid registration and sampling process, and listened to the introduction of the "landing inspection" at the bayonet. Wang Menghui stressed that it is necessary to strictly implement the landing inspection at important checkpoints, implement export inspection measures such as highways, airports and railway stations, do a good job in information registration, transshipment isolation and nucleic acid detection for those who come to and return from Hubei in high-risk areas in China, and resolutely put all measures for external defense and import into place. It is necessary to scientifically guide the traffic flow and ensure the smooth and orderly traffic.

　　Located at Jinqiao Avenue in Jiang ‘an District, the centralized isolation point is mainly used for the centralized isolation of people coming to and returning from Han in medium and high-risk areas in China. Provincial leaders came outside the isolation point to see the operation management and service guarantee of the isolation point by video. Wang Menghui pointed out that the current situation of epidemic prevention and control is still severe and complicated, and the task of standardized management and risk management and control in isolated places is arduous, and we must not relax for an instant. It is necessary to strictly implement the closed-loop management measures of isolation points, strengthen daily disinfection, body temperature monitoring and nucleic acid detection, and prevent cross-infection and risk spillover. It is necessary to adhere to the prevention of people, things and the environment, do a good job in prevention and control of key places such as isolation points, schools, hospitals, nursing homes and prisons, and build a "firewall" and a dense prevention and control network.

　　Wuhan Traffic Control Center is jointly established by the municipal public security, health care, disease control and other departments. Provincial leaders came here to listen to the introduction of flow investigation, organization system and closed-loop management. Wang Menghui pointed out that epidemic control is the basic work of epidemic prevention and control, and it is the key to cut off the epidemic transmission chain. It is necessary to conscientiously sum up the practical experience of the flow adjustment work, strengthen the monitoring and early warning of high-risk posts and key areas, and put the work ahead. In the event of an epidemic, the work of tracing the source, investigation and control, isolation and treatment should be started quickly to minimize the risk of epidemic spread and achieve the maximum prevention and control effect with the least cost.

　　Provincial leaders Guo Yuanqiang, Dong Weimin, Zhao Haishan, Yang Yunyan and Xu Wenhai participated in relevant activities respectively.

Cctv newsAccording to the website of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Management of Human Genetic Resources was deliberated and adopted at the 3rd ministerial meeting of the Ministry of Science and Technology on May 11, 2023, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of July 1, 2023.

Detailed rules for the implementation of the regulations on the management of human genetic resources

Chapter I General Principles

　　the first 　In order to effectively protect and rationally utilize China’s human genetic resources, and safeguard public health, national security and social public interests, these Detailed Rules are formulated in accordance with the Biosafety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Management of Human Genetic Resources (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) and other relevant laws and administrative regulations.

　　the second 　The collection, preservation, utilization and provision of China’s human genetic resources shall abide by these detailed rules.

　　The information of human genetic resources mentioned in Article 2 of the Regulations includes information materials such as human genes and genome data generated by using human genetic resources.

　　The information of human genetic resources mentioned in the preceding paragraph does not include clinical data, imaging data, protein data and metabolic data.

　　Article 　The Ministry of Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as the Ministry of Science and Technology) is responsible for the management of national human genetic resources investigation, administrative licensing, supervision and inspection, and administrative punishment.

　　The Ministry of Science and Technology entrusts relevant organizations according to law to carry out formal examination and technical review of the application materials for administrative license of human genetic resources, as well as filing, prior reporting, supervision and inspection and administrative punishment of human genetic resources.

　　Article 4 　The Science and Technology Departments (commissions and bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and the Science and Technology Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (hereinafter referred to as the provincial administrative department of science and technology) are responsible for the management of the following human genetic resources in this region:

　　(1) Supervision, inspection and daily management of human genetic resources;

　　(two) investigation and handling of illegal cases of human genetic resources within the scope of their functions and powers;

　　(three) according to the Ministry of science and technology, to carry out the investigation of human genetic resources in this region, the administrative licensing of human genetic resources, and the investigation and handling of illegal cases of human genetic resources.

　　Article 5 　The Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall strengthen the supervision of human genetic resources, equip administrative law enforcement personnel, carry out supervision and inspection of human genetic resources activities according to their functions and powers, and perform their duties of supervision and management of human genetic resources according to law.

　　Article 6 　The Ministry of Science and Technology employs experts in life science and technology, medicine, health, ethics, law and information security to form an expert advisory committee on human genetic resources management to provide decision-making consultation and technical support for the management of human genetic resources throughout the country.

　　Article 7 　The Ministry of Science and Technology supports the rational use of human genetic resources to carry out scientific research, develop biomedical industry, improve diagnosis and treatment technology, strengthen management and supervision of human genetic resources, optimize examination and approval services, improve examination and approval efficiency, promote standardization of examination and approval and information disclosure, and improve management and service levels.

Chapter II General Requirements

　　Article 8 　The collection, preservation, utilization and external provision of China’s human genetic resources shall conform to ethical principles and pass the ethical review of the ethics (review) Committee that has been filed with the relevant administrative departments. Ethical review shall comply with laws, administrative regulations and relevant provisions of the state.

　　Article 9 　The collection, preservation, utilization and external provision of human genetic resources in China shall respect and protect the rights and interests of providers of human genetic resources, such as privacy and personal information, and obtain written informed consent according to regulations to ensure that the legitimate rights and interests of providers of human genetic resources are not infringed.

　　Article 10 　The collection, preservation, utilization and external provision of China’s human genetic resources shall comply with the relevant requirements and technical specifications of scientific and technological activities, including but not limited to standards, norms and procedures.

　　Article 11 　The collection and preservation of China’s human genetic resources in China or the provision of China’s human genetic resources abroad must be carried out by China’s scientific research institutions, universities, medical institutions or enterprises (hereinafter referred to as Chinese units). Domestic-funded real control institutions located in Hong Kong and Macao are regarded as Chinese units.

　　Overseas organizations, institutions established or actually controlled by overseas organizations and individuals (hereinafter referred to as foreign units) and overseas individuals shall not collect and preserve China’s human genetic resources within China, and shall not provide China’s human genetic resources to overseas.

　　Article 12 　The institutions established or actually controlled by overseas organizations and individuals mentioned in Article 11 of these Rules include the following situations:

　　(a) overseas organizations and individuals hold or indirectly hold more than 50% of the shares, equity, voting rights, property shares or other similar rights and interests of the institution;

　　(2) Overseas organizations and individuals hold or indirectly hold less than 50% of the shares, equity, voting rights, property shares or other similar rights and interests of the institution, but their voting rights or other rights and interests are sufficient to dominate or exert significant influence on the decision-making and management of the institution;

　　(three) overseas organizations and individuals through investment relations, agreements or other arrangements, enough to dominate or exert significant influence on the decision-making and management of institutions;

　　(4) Other circumstances stipulated by laws, administrative regulations and rules.

　　Article 13 　Units that collect, preserve, utilize and provide China’s human genetic resources to the outside world shall strengthen the construction of management systems, review the purposes and research plans of scientific research involving human genetic resources, and ensure the legitimate use of human genetic resources.

　　Article 14 　To use China’s human genetic resources to carry out international scientific research cooperation, we should ensure that Chinese units and their researchers participate in the whole process and substantially, and share relevant rights and interests according to law. In the process of international scientific research cooperation, all records, data and information generated by using China’s human genetic resources should be completely open to Chinese units, and backup should be provided to Chinese units.

　　Article 15 　The Ministry of Science and Technology has strengthened the informatization construction of human genetic resources management, established an open and unified information system platform for administrative licensing, filing and safety review of human genetic resources, provided convenience for applicants to handle administrative licensing, filing and other matters through the Internet, promoted real-time dynamic management, and realized traceability and inquiry of human genetic resources management information.

　　Article 16 　The Ministry of Science and Technology, together with relevant departments of the State Council and provincial administrative departments of science and technology, will promote the preservation of human genetic resources by scientific research institutions, institutions of higher learning, medical institutions and enterprises in China according to laws and regulations, and promote the construction of standardized and standardized basic platforms and big data for the preservation of human genetic resources, and open them to relevant scientific research institutions, institutions of higher learning, medical institutions and enterprises in accordance with relevant state regulations.

　　Article 17 　In response to public health emergencies and other emergencies, the Ministry of Science and Technology has established a rapid examination and approval mechanism, and the application for administrative license of human genetic resources involved in emergency response should be expedited.

　　The Ministry of Science and Technology shall, in accordance with the principle of unified command, high efficiency and scientific examination and approval, speed up the organization of the acceptance, evaluation and examination of the application for administrative license. The circumstances, procedures, time limits and requirements of quick approval shall be stipulated separately by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

　　Article 18 　The Ministry of Science and Technology has formulated and timely released service guides and demonstration texts for the collection, preservation, utilization and external provision of human genetic resources in China, providing convenient and professional guidance and services for applicants to handle administrative licensing and filing of human genetic resources.

　　Article 19 　The Ministry of Science and Technology regularly trains scientific researchers and managers of relevant departments engaged in the collection, preservation, utilization and external provision of human genetic resources, so as to enhance their legal awareness and sense of responsibility and enhance their management and service capabilities.

　　Article 20 　The Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall establish and constantly improve the measures to prevent and control the risks of clean government, improve the supervision and restriction mechanism, and strengthen the supervision of the important links and key positions in the management of human genetic resources in their own organs.

Chapter III Investigation and Registration

　　Article 21 　The Ministry of Science and Technology is responsible for organizing the national survey of human genetic resources. Entrusted by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the provincial administrative department of science and technology is responsible for the investigation of human genetic resources in this region.

　　Article 22 　The national survey of human genetic resources is carried out every five years, and can be carried out according to actual needs when necessary.

　　Article 23 　The Ministry of Science and Technology organizes experts in related fields to formulate a national work plan for the investigation of human genetic resources. The provincial administrative department of science and technology shall, after completing the investigation of human genetic resources in this region, timely summarize the survey data and information obtained and submit them to the Ministry of Science and Technology.

　　Article 24 　On the basis of the national survey of human genetic resources, the Ministry of Science and Technology organized research on important genetic families and human genetic resources in specific areas, gradually established an inventory of important genetic families and human genetic resources in specific areas in China, and revised and improved it in a timely manner.

　　Article 25 　The Ministry of Science and Technology is responsible for the registration of important genetic families and human genetic resources in specific areas, formulating management measures for declaration and registration, and establishing an information service platform for declaration and registration management.

　　Article 26 　Scientific research institutions, institutions of higher learning, medical institutions and enterprises in China shall timely declare important genetic families and human genetic resources in specific areas through the registration management information service platform.

Chapter IV Administrative Licensing and Filing

Section 1 Administrative License for Collection and Preservation

　　Article 27 　The administrative license for the collection of human genetic resources is applicable to the following activities to be carried out in China:

　　(1) Collection activities of human genetic resources of important genetic families. An important genetic family refers to a blood-related group with hereditary diseases, hereditary special physique or physiological characteristics, and the members of this group with hereditary diseases and hereditary special physique or physiological characteristics involve three or more generations, excluding common diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, red-green color blindness and hemophilia. Important genetic families discovered for the first time shall be declared in a timely manner in accordance with the provisions of Article 26 of these Rules.

　　(2) Collection activities of human genetic resources in specific areas. Human genetic resources in a specific area refer to those that have lived in isolation or special environment for a long time and have special physical characteristics or adaptive traits in physiological characteristics. Specific areas are not divided according to whether they are inhabited by ethnic minorities.

　　(three) for large-scale population research and the number of people more than 3000 cases of human genetic resources collection activities. Large-scale population studies include but are not limited to cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, clinical studies, and physical studies. The collection of human genetic resources involved in clinical trials to obtain the marketing license of related drugs and medical devices in China is not included, and there is no need to apply for an administrative license for the collection of human genetic resources.

　　Article 28 　The administrative license for the preservation of human genetic resources is applicable to the activities of preserving human genetic resources in China and providing a basic platform for scientific research.

　　The preservation of human genetic resources refers to the act of preserving human genetic resources with legal sources in suitable environmental conditions to ensure their quality and safety for future scientific research, excluding the temporary storage for teaching purposes after laboratory testing in accordance with the requirements of laws and regulations or clinical research programs.

　　Article 29 　Where the activities for the preservation of human genetic resources that should be applied for administrative license involve the collection of human genetic resources at the same time, the applicant only needs to apply for the administrative license for the preservation of human genetic resources, and does not need to apply for the administrative license for the collection of human genetic resources separately.

　　Article 30 　The entity preserving human genetic resources shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 15 of the Regulations, submit an annual report on its preservation of human genetic resources in the previous year to the Ministry of Science and Technology before January 31 of each year. The annual report shall contain the following contents:

　　(1) The preserved human genetic resources;

　　(2) Information on the source and use of human genetic resources;

　　(three) the implementation of the management system related to the preservation of human genetic resources;

　　(4) Maintenance and changes of the sites, facilities and equipment used by the entity to preserve human genetic resources;

　　(five) the change of the main management personnel responsible for the preservation work of this unit.

　　Units that preserve human genetic resources shall strengthen management to ensure that the preserved human genetic resources come from legal sources. The Ministry of Science and Technology organizes provincial administrative departments of science and technology to conduct spot checks on the preservation activities of human genetic resources preservation units in this region every year.

Section 2 Administrative Licensing and Filing of International Cooperation

　　Article 31 　The application for the administrative license of international scientific research cooperation on human genetic resources shall pass the ethical examination of the countries (regions) where the two parties are located. If the foreign unit is really unable to provide the certification materials for the ethical review of the host country (region), it may submit the certification materials that the foreign unit approves the ethical review opinions of the Chinese unit.

　　Article 32 　In order to obtain the marketing license of related drugs and medical devices in China, if the clinical medical and health institutions use China’s human genetic resources to carry out international cooperative clinical trials, which do not involve the exit of human genetic resources materials, approval is not required, but it shall meet one of the following circumstances, and the types, quantities and uses of human genetic resources to be used shall be filed with the Ministry of Science and Technology before the clinical trials are carried out:

　　(1) The collection, detection and analysis of human genetic resources and the disposal of the remaining human genetic resources are carried out in clinical medical and health institutions;

　　(2) The human genetic resources involved are collected in clinical medical and health institutions, and the domestic units designated by the clinical trial scheme for marketing licenses of related drugs and medical devices are tested, analyzed and the remaining samples are processed.

　　The clinical medical and health institutions mentioned in the preceding paragraph refer to medical institutions and disease prevention and control institutions that have filed with relevant departments in China and conducted clinical trials according to law.

　　In order to obtain the exploratory research part involved in the clinical trial of relevant drugs and medical devices listed in China, an administrative license for international scientific research cooperation of human genetic resources should be applied.

　　Article 33 　The administrative license for international scientific research cooperation and the filing of international cooperative clinical trials shall be jointly applied by Chinese units and foreign units. All parties to the cooperation shall make a commitment to the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of the application materials and information.

　　If the international scientific research cooperation and international cooperative clinical trial of human genetic resources to be carried out involve multi-center clinical research, it shall not apply for administrative license or filing after splitting.

　　Article 34 　To carry out multi-center clinical research, the leader unit can apply for administrative license or filing by the applicant or leader unit after passing the ethical review.

　　After the applicant or the leader unit has obtained the administrative license or completed the filing, the medical and health institutions participating in the clinical research will submit the certification materials of the ethical review documents of the unit or the approval documents provided by the leader unit and the commitment letter issued by the unit to the Ministry of Science and Technology, and then the international cooperative clinical research can be carried out.

　　Article 35 　Both parties who have obtained the administrative license for international scientific research cooperation or completed the filing of international cooperative clinical trials shall jointly submit a report on cooperative research to the Ministry of Science and Technology within six months after the expiration of the effective period of the administrative license or filing. The report on cooperative research shall contain the following contents:

　　(a) changes in the purpose and content of the study;

　　(two) the implementation of the research program;

　　(three) the completion of the research content;

　　(four) the use and disposal of human genetic resources in China;

　　(five) all records in the research process and the recording, storage and use of data and information;

　　(six) the whole process and substantial participation of Chinese units and their researchers in the research and the participation of foreign units in the research;

　　(seven) the output, ownership and distribution of rights and interests of research results;

　　(eight) the ethical review involved in the study.

Section 3 Prior Report on External Provision and Open Use

　　Article 36 　If the information of human genetic resources is provided or made available to overseas organizations, individuals and institutions established or actually controlled by them, the Chinese information owner shall report to the Ministry of Science and Technology in advance and submit information backup. To report to the Ministry of Science and Technology in advance, the following information shall be submitted:

　　(a) the purpose and purpose of providing or opening up the use of information on human genetic resources in China to overseas organizations and individuals and institutions established or actually controlled by them;

　　(2) Providing or opening up the use of China’s human genetic resources information and information backup to overseas organizations and individuals and institutions established or actually controlled by them;

　　(3) Basic information about overseas organizations and individuals receiving information on human genetic resources and the institutions established or actually controlled by them;

　　(4) Providing or opening up the potential risk assessment of the protection of human genetic resources in China to overseas organizations and individuals and their established or actually controlled institutions.

　　During the implementation of international scientific research cooperation that has obtained administrative license or international cooperative clinical trials that have been filed, if the Chinese unit provides the information of human genetic resources produced by the cooperation to the foreign unit, if it has been agreed in the international cooperation agreement that it will be used by both parties, it is not necessary to report in advance and submit information backup separately.

　　Article 37 　The provision or open use of human genetic resources information to overseas organizations, individuals and institutions established or actually controlled by them may affect China’s public health, national security and social public interests, and shall pass the safety review organized by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

　　The situations that should be reviewed for safety include:

　　(1) Information on human genetic resources of important genetic families;

　　(2) Information on human genetic resources in specific areas;

　　(3) Exon sequencing and genome sequencing information resources with more than 500 cases;

　　(four) other circumstances that may affect China’s public health, national security and social public interests.

　　Article 38 　The Ministry of Science and Technology shall, jointly with relevant departments, formulate safety review rules, organize experts in relevant fields to conduct safety assessment, and make a review decision according to the safety assessment opinions.

　　In the process of exporting human genetic resources, if the related items involve the scope of export control, they must abide by the national export control laws and regulations.

The fourth section administrative licensing, filing and prior reporting process

　　Article 39 　If the applicant’s application materials are complete and the form meets the requirements, the Ministry of Science and Technology shall accept and issue a paper or electronic certificate stamped with a special seal and dated.

　　If the application materials are incomplete or inconsistent with the statutory form, the Ministry of Science and Technology shall inform the applicant of all the contents that need to be supplemented at one time within five working days from the date of receiving the formal application materials.

　　Article 40 　The Ministry of Science and Technology shall set up an expert database and establish an expert management system according to the needs of technical review and safety review.

　　The Ministry of Science and Technology selects evaluation experts from the expert database in a random way, conducts technical evaluation on the application for administrative license of human genetic resources, and conducts safety assessment on the external provision or open use of human genetic resources information that should be subject to safety review. Technical review opinions and safety assessment opinions are used as reference for making administrative licensing decisions or safety review decisions.

　　Experts generally participate in technical review and safety review by network, and when necessary, they can use meetings, on-site surveys and other means.

　　Article 41 　The Ministry of Science and Technology shall, within 20 working days from the date of acceptance, make an administrative licensing decision on the application for administrative licensing of human genetic resources. If an administrative licensing decision cannot be made within twenty working days, it may be extended for ten working days with the approval of the person in charge of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the reasons for the extension shall be informed to the applicant.

　　Article 42 　When the Ministry of Science and Technology makes a decision on administrative licensing, which requires hearing, inspection, inspection, quarantine, appraisal and technical review according to law, the time required shall not be counted within the time limit specified in Article 41 of these Detailed Rules, but the applicant shall be informed in writing of the time required.

　　Article 43 　After the Ministry of Science and Technology makes a decision on administrative license, it shall inform the applicant in writing of the decision on administrative license and send a copy to the provincial administrative department of science and technology where the applicant is located.

　　A decision to grant an administrative license according to law shall be made public on the website of the Ministry of Science and Technology. If a decision is made not to grant an administrative license according to law, the reasons shall be explained, and the applicant shall be informed of the right to apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit according to law.

　　Article 44 　After obtaining the administrative license for the collection of human genetic resources, the licensee shall apply to the Ministry of Science and Technology for changes in major matters such as the participating units, collection purposes, collection plans or collection contents.

　　Article 45 　After obtaining the administrative license for the preservation of human genetic resources, the licensee shall apply to the Ministry of Science and Technology for changes in the purpose, scheme or content of preservation.

　　Article 46 　After obtaining the administrative license for international scientific research cooperation on human genetic resources, in the process of international scientific research cooperation, the purpose and content of the research change, the type, quantity and use of human genetic resources involved in the research plan change, or other important matters such as the sponsor, the leader unit, the contract research organization and the third-party laboratory change, the licensee shall apply to the Ministry of Science and Technology for change.

　　Article 47 　After obtaining the administrative license for international scientific research cooperation on human genetic resources, the licensee does not need to apply for change in any of the following circumstances, but shall submit a written explanation of the change and corresponding materials to the Ministry of Science and Technology:

　　The research content or research plan remains unchanged, and only involves the change that the total amount does not exceed 10% of the approved amount;

　　The participating units other than the cooperative units listed in Article 46 of these Rules are changed;

　　The name of the partner unit is changed;

　　The research content or research plan is changed, but it does not involve the change of the type, quantity and use of human genetic resources, or the content after the change is not beyond the approved scope.

　　Article 48 　If the licensee applies for changes to the matters listed in Articles 44 to 46 of these Rules, the Ministry of Science and Technology shall review and make a decision on whether to approve the changes. Meet the statutory conditions and standards, the Ministry of science and technology should be changed.

　　Procedures such as acceptance, examination, processing time limit, decision and notification of the application for change shall be implemented with reference to the provisions of Articles 39 to 43 of these Detailed Rules on the application for administrative license.

　　Article 49 　Before the decision on administrative license is made, if the applicant withdraws his application in writing, the Ministry of Science and Technology will terminate the examination of the application for administrative license.

　　Article 50 　Under any of the following circumstances, the Ministry of Science and Technology may revoke the administrative license of human genetic resources at the request of interested parties or according to its functions and powers:

　　(a) breach of privilege, dereliction of duty to make a decision to approve the administrative license;

　　(two) beyond the statutory authority to make a decision to approve the administrative license;

　　(3) Making a decision to grant an administrative license in violation of legal procedures;

　　(4) granting an administrative license to an applicant who is not qualified to apply or does not meet the statutory requirements;

　　(five) other circumstances in which the administrative license can be revoked according to law.

　　If the licensee obtains the administrative license by cheating, bribery or other improper means, the Ministry of Science and Technology shall revoke it.

　　If the administrative license is revoked in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, which may cause great harm to the public interest, it shall not be revoked.

　　Article 51 　To apply for the filing of international cooperative clinical trials, the approval documents, notices or filing and registration materials of clinical trials of the drug supervision and administration department shall be obtained in advance.

　　Article 52 　To apply for the filing of international cooperative clinical trials, the following materials shall be submitted:

　　(a) the basic situation of the parties to the cooperation;

　　(2) The types, quantities and uses of human genetic resources involved in the study;

　　(3) Research plan;

　　(four) the approval of the ethical review of the leader unit;

　　(5) Other supporting materials.

　　Article 53 　After the international cooperative clinical trial is put on record, if the types, quantities and uses of human genetic resources involved change, or if the partners, research schemes, research contents and research purposes change, the filer shall timely handle the filing changes.

　　If the change of research plan or research content does not involve the change of the type, quantity and use of human genetic resources, it is not necessary to go through the filing change, but a written explanation of the change and corresponding materials shall be submitted to the Ministry of Science and Technology before the change activity begins.

　　Article 54 　After providing or opening the use of human genetic resources information to overseas organizations, individuals and institutions established or actually controlled by them, and reporting to the Ministry of Science and Technology in advance, if the purpose and recipient of the information change, it shall submit a change report to the Ministry of Science and Technology before the implementation of the change.

　　Article 55 　If the licensee needs to extend the validity of the administrative license, it shall apply to the Ministry of Science and Technology 30 working days before the expiration of the validity of the administrative license. The Ministry of Science and Technology shall, according to the application of the licensee, make a decision on whether to approve the extension before the expiration of the validity period of the administrative license; If no decision is made within the time limit, it shall be deemed that the extension is granted.

　　If the filer needs to extend the validity period of filing, he shall apply to the Ministry of Science and Technology 30 working days before the expiration of the validity period of filing. The Ministry of science and technology shall complete the continuation of the record before the expiration of the validity period of the record; If it is not completed within the time limit, it shall be deemed as having completed the continuation of filing.

Chapter V Supervision and Inspection

　　Article 56 　The Ministry of Science and Technology is responsible for the national supervision and inspection of human genetic resources, and the provincial administrative departments of science and technology are responsible for the supervision and inspection of human genetic resources in this region. The supervision and inspection items mainly include:

　　(a) the collection, preservation, utilization and external supply of human genetic resources, the implementation of the main responsibility of the relevant units, the establishment, improvement and implementation of relevant rules and regulations;

　　(2) Information on the collection, preservation and utilization of human genetic resources by the relevant units that have been approved for the human genetic resources project, and information on the exit, external provision, open use and use after leaving the country;

　　(three) the disposal of surplus materials, intellectual property rights and benefit sharing of human genetic resources;

　　(four) the authenticity of the record items of human genetic resources;

　　(five) other matters that the Ministry of Science and Technology or the provincial administrative department of science and technology think need supervision and inspection.

　　Article 57 　The Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall prepare the annual supervision and inspection plan and implement the risk management of human genetic resources.

　　The annual supervision and inspection plan shall include inspection items, inspection methods, inspection frequency, sampling items and sampling proportion.

　　Article 58 　The Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall increase the frequency of supervision and inspection of units that have been subjected to administrative punishment for illegal acts of human genetic resources in the past three years, that have not been corrected in time because of the management risks of human genetic resources, and that have been recorded in the relevant disciplinary list of dishonesty, and incorporate them into the annual daily supervision and inspection plan and carry out supervision and inspection. Units that have significantly improved their management system and management norms and have not committed illegal acts again may reduce the frequency of supervision and inspection in a timely manner.

　　Article 59 　For other units other than those specified in Article 58 of these Detailed Rules, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology can randomly determine the supervision and inspection items within the scope of human genetic resources activities of the unit, and randomly select supervision and inspection personnel to carry out supervision and inspection.

　　Article 60 　In case of serious illegal acts or temporary and unexpected tasks, as well as problems found through complaints, transfer, data monitoring, etc., the Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology can deploy and carry out special supervision and inspection.

　　Article 61 　The Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall timely record and summarize the daily supervision and inspection information of human genetic resources activities, and improve the daily supervision and inspection measures.

　　Article 62 　When it is found that the subject of supervision and inspection may have the risk of violating the relevant provisions of the Regulations, the Ministry of Science and Technology or the provincial administrative department of science and technology may conduct administrative interviews with its legal representative and principal responsible person.

　　Article 63 　If it is found that the object under supervision and inspection may violate the provisions of the Regulations, the Ministry of Science and Technology or the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall investigate and take the following measures when necessary:

　　(1) Taking measures such as recording, copying, photographing and video recording according to law;

　　(two) to take administrative compulsory measures such as sealing up and detaining according to law;

　　(3) Conducting inspection, inspection, quarantine or appraisal of related articles according to law.

　　Article 64 　The Ministry of Science and Technology or the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall implement administrative compulsory measures in accordance with the procedures stipulated in the Administrative Compulsory Law of the People’s Republic of China.

　　Article 65 　The Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall adopt or terminate administrative compulsory measures with the approval of the person in charge of this organ.

　　Where compulsory measures of seizure or detention are implemented according to law, a decision and list of seizure or detention shall be made and delivered to the parties on the spot. In case of emergency, failure to seal up or detain in time may affect the investigation of the case, or there are hidden dangers that may lead to the damage and loss of human genetic resources, you can seal up or detain in advance, and fill in a decision on sealing up or detaining within 24 hours and serve it on the parties concerned.

Chapter VI Administrative Punishment

　　Article 66 　The Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall standardize the exercise of administrative penalty discretion of human genetic resources, comprehensively consider the facts, nature, circumstances and degree of social harm of illegal acts, reasonably determine the types and extent of administrative penalties within the scope stipulated in the Regulations, ensure that the penalty is equivalent, and prevent the abnormal light and heavy.

　　The discretion standard of administrative punishment for human genetic resources shall be separately formulated by the Ministry of Science and Technology and announced to the public.

　　Article 67 　Before making a decision on administrative punishment, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall inform the parties in writing of the contents, facts, reasons and basis of the proposed administrative punishment, and inform them that they have the right to make statements and defend themselves according to law. If the administrative penalty to be imposed falls within the scope of hearing, the party concerned shall also be informed of the right to request a hearing.

　　If a party exercises a statement, defend oneself or requests a hearing, it shall submit it in writing within five working days from the date of service of the notification. If it fails to do so within the time limit, it shall be deemed as giving up the above rights.

　　The Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall not give heavier punishment for the statements, defenses or hearings of the parties.

　　Article 68 　The Ministry of Science and Technology or the provincial administrative department of science and technology intends to make the following administrative punishment decision, and if the party requests a hearing, it shall organize a hearing:

　　(1) Imposing a fine of more than 1 million yuan on a legal person or other organization or a fine of more than 100,000 yuan on a citizen;

　　(2) Confiscating the illegal income of legal persons and other organizations of more than 3 million yuan or confiscating the illegal income of citizens of more than 300,000 yuan;

　　(3) It is forbidden to engage in the activities of collecting, preserving, utilizing and providing human genetic resources in China for more than one year;

　　(4) Failing to accept the application for administrative license of human genetic resources for more than two years;

　　(5) Revoking the administrative license of human genetic resources that has been obtained;

　　(6) Other circumstances in which a hearing shall be organized as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 69 　Before the Ministry of Science and Technology or the provincial administrative department of science and technology makes a decision on administrative punishment of human genetic resources, the case handling institution of this department shall send the proposed administrative punishment decision and case materials to the working institution responsible for legal review of this department for legal review. No decision shall be made without legal examination or examination.

　　If the administrative penalty decision to be made only involves a warning, there is no need for legal review.

　　Article 70 　After the decision on administrative punishment is made, the Ministry of Science and Technology or the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall, within seven working days, serve the decision on administrative punishment on the parties concerned or other legal recipients in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

　　Article 71 　The decision on administrative punishment shall be made within 90 days from the date of filing the case. If the case is complicated and the decision on administrative punishment cannot be made within 90 days, it may be extended for 90 days with the approval of the person in charge of this organ. If the case is particularly complicated and the decision on administrative punishment cannot be made after the extension, the person in charge of this organ shall decide whether to continue the extension through collective discussion. Where an extension is decided, a reasonable extension period shall be determined at the same time, but the longest extension period shall not exceed 60 days.

　　In the process of handling a case, the time of hearing, announcement, inspection, inspection, quarantine, appraisal, audit and suspension shall not be included in the time limit for handling a case referred to in the first paragraph of this article.

　　Article 72 　The illegal gains stipulated in Articles 36, 39, 41, 42 and 43 of the Regulations shall be calculated by deducting appropriate reasonable expenses from all the income obtained from the implementation of illegal acts; If it is difficult to calculate, the value of human genetic resources involved in the illegal act or the amount of funds invested for human genetic resources shall be regarded as illegal income.

　　Article 73 　In the supervision and inspection of human genetic resources or the investigation and handling of illegal cases, it is found that the relevant citizens, legal persons or other organizations do not have the storage conditions for human genetic resources, and the Ministry of Science and Technology or the provincial administrative department of science and technology shall organize the transfer of their stored human genetic resources to a unit with storage conditions for temporary storage.

　　Article 74 　The provincial administrative department of science and technology shall, within fifteen working days from the date of making the decision on administrative punishment, submit a copy of the case handling and the decision on administrative punishment to the Ministry of Science and Technology.

　　Article 75 　The Ministry of Science and Technology has the right to supervise the administrative punishment of human genetic resources implemented by the provincial administrative department of science and technology, and order the relevant illegal or improper acts to make corrections according to law.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 76 　The provisions concerning the time limit in these Detailed Rules are marked as working days, excluding legal holidays; If it is not indicated as a working day, it is a natural day.

　　Article 77 　The "above" and "not exceeding" mentioned in these Detailed Rules all include this number, while "greater than" and "insufficient" do not include this number.

　　Article 78 　These Rules shall come into force as of July 1, 2023.

The local tyrant sent the iPhone! Where is the old iPhone going?

　　Every time Apple releases a new machine, the fruit powder faces a difficult choice: the old mobile phone can still be used, but I want to try the latest product. What should I do? For consumers who like the new and hate the old, how to deal with the old iPhone has become a problem. One of the easiest ways is to give it away. Wow,Local tyrants sent an iPhone.! Xiaobian also wants to say, send me! Of course, this is also one of the good ways, thenWhere is the old iPhone going?And? How can we make full use of its value? The encyclopedia school will share some good places for old iPhone!

Path 1: Give away and collect.

　　For example, Mr. Zhang, a fan of technology who is not afraid to ask, said, "I am going to buy an iPhone 6 for my wife, so I will use her iPhone 5s. I will use my iPhone 5 for my mother, and my mother’s iPhone 4S can be used for my father." Recycling in this way is also a good way.

　　In addition to giving away, some people may choose to collect. If you own the first generation iPhone, many collectors will pay a high price of 2000 dollars to buy it. You know, the latest iPhone 6 Plus 64G version is priced at $1,149.

　　Of course, you can also break it on purpose, so that you can buy a new machine with peace of mind. This is not a very wise choice, unless it is too local tyrant. But the more common way is to sell. One is trade-in, the other is selling second-hand.

Path 2: Trade in the old for the new.

　　Last year, Apple took the lead in fully launching the iPhone trade-in activity in the US market. Consumers who exchange their old iphones for new iphones can enjoy a maximum deduction of $280.

　　Apple has a special evaluation system, which calculates the price of the old iPhone according to the comprehensive factors such as the screen quality, button quality, hardware damage, lettering, liquid damage, and whether it can be turned on and off normally and used. Apple implemented this plan through retail stores, with the intention of increasing the sales of new iPhone through this move.

　　However, in China, users cannot participate in Apple’s official trade-in program. However, there are quite a few "trade-in" activities. Telecom operators, communication stores and distributors like Suning and Gome generally launch their own trade-in plans, and many e-commerce platforms will also launch similar activities. Everyone can pay more attention to this information.

Path 3: resale of second-hand goods

　　The other way is to sell it directly. Because the iPhone has good value preservation, if the phone looks good, it can also be sold at a good price.

　　There are many websites specializing in recycling digital products in China, such as trading platforms such as Ai Recycling, Yifeng.com and Apple Enthusiasts for resale, as well as trading platforms for second-hand digital products such as 58 Tongcheng.com and Jiji.com.. Through these channels, users can also sell the old iPhone, and there is still room for bargaining.

　　However, when selling, choose a recycling platform with good credibility as much as possible, and don’t sell the mobile phone to small vendors easily, so as to avoid encountering illegal businesses and renovating the repurchased mobile phone and secondary sales.

Note: Pay attention to backing up and clearing the data before selling the iPhone.

　　Whether it is trade-in or sale, you need to back up and erase the original mobile phone data.

　　1. Back up the data, use iCloud and iTunes to back up the data in the old mobile phone, and back up the WeChat chat record.

　　2. Log out of the Apple ID to protect the privacy of the App Store.

　　3. Restore the factory settings. In the settings of iPhone, restore all the settings to the factory settings.

　　4. Remove or clear the data on the SIM card.

　　5. Check to make sure that the original data such as contacts, photos and schedules on the mobile phone have been deleted.

　　Postscript: I believe that many netizens are in the team that snapped up the iPhone6. Xiaobian first wishes everyone a smooth snap. Why don’t you be a local tyrant and send the old iPhone out?The local tyrant sent the iPhone! Where is the old iPhone going?? The above are several good places, of course, it is best to trade in the old ones or resell the second-hand ones, so that the value of the old iPhone can be fully utilized. Here, we should also pay attention to the data backup and cleaning of old equipment. Now there are too many data stored in mobile phones, so we should take these data seriously.

Good morning, friends! Today is Monday, April 23, 2018. Welcome to the morning newspaper time in the health sector, and immediately broadcast the fresh information of global health care for you!

In the 17th century, electroshock therapy was once considered as a panacea. The literature recorded by a medical historian points out that electric shock to the reproductive organs can restore impotence patients to their glory, become stronger and restore their youthful vitality. At the same time, electroshock therapy can make the elderly at least 15 years younger.

[medical headlines]

[Hot smell at 100℃]

[medical trends]

[New Deal Release]

"number theory"

[cutting edge]

[investment and financing]

[Browse Bo]

# Lin Qiaozhi’s first prescription #She is the only female academician in the first Chinese Academy of Sciences; She is the first director of obstetrics and gynecology in China; She never married, but delivered more than 50 thousand babies herself; She worked hard and made great contributions to the research field of obstetrics and gynecology in China. On April 22nd, 1983, Lin Qiaozhi, a medical scientist, died. She once said, "The first prescription a doctor gives a patient should be caring."

@ Someone outside CQMU:Never married, dedicated to medicine!

@ 京京京京京京京京京京京京:Looking back on Lin Qiaozhi’s life, she studied hard for her medical ideal, worked diligently in obstetrics and gynecology for decades, and welcomed thousands of new lives in Qian Qian with her hands. She is unmarried for life, but she has the richest love; She has no children, but she is the richest mother; She is the patron saint of mothers and babies. Lin Qiaozhi devoted all her life to pregnant women and babies and said with a smile: I am a doctor.

@ 京京京京京:Lin Qiaozhi, a China woman, became attached to obstetrics and gynecology with her unique concentration and compassion. With her agile hands, she took over thousands of Chinese children. She went to sleep quietly, but the light shone on the world. Miss her.

# The first 5G mobile phone is coming! #At the first Digital China Construction Summit, Wen Ku, Director of the Information and Communication Development Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, expressed the hope that the first 5G mobile phone would be launched in the second half of 2019. He said that in 2017, there were 1.03 billion 4G users in China. At present, 5G has entered a critical stage of international standard development, and a global consensus on 5G spectrum has taken shape. In the future, 5G will form a global unified international standard, and China ranks among the first echelon of 5G in the world. China has established a 5G cooperation mechanism with Europe, America, Japan and South Korea at the level of government and industrial organization. In the second half of 2019, 5G initially has commercial conditions, and it is hoped that the first 5G mobile phone will be launched at that time.

@RichardPlus：Expect to do whatever you want.

@ _ Your Xu greatly greatly:I feel like I have to change my mobile phone again!

@ Stocklee:China’s core is guaranteed, otherwise the consequences will be very serious.

@ xiao Xi:Come on, my country

@ March’s drizzle:No matter how many G’s, transparent service and reasonable charges are the right way!

[opinions]

[sharp view outside the industry]

Cold knowledge

Studies have shown that there is no difference between a broken heart and a broken arm to some extent. Those areas in our brain that will be activated by physical pain will also be activated when we are rejected in social interaction. Therefore, "I am very sad today, give me a bottle of aspirin." This sentence also has certain scientific truth.

[Wild weather]

From 08: 00 on April 23 to 08: 00 on April 24, there were moderate to heavy rains and local heavy rains (50-80 mm) in parts of northern Sichuan Plateau, southern Sichuan Basin, southern Gansu, central, eastern and southwestern Jiangnan, and central and northern South China. These local areas will be accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation and thunderstorms. There are 4 ~ 6 winds in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, Liaodong Peninsula, central and eastern Huanghuai, eastern Jianghuai, Jianghan and northeastern Jiangnan. Some areas in southern Xinjiang basin and other places have sand blowing or floating dust. The winds in the Yellow Sea and the northeastern part of the East China Sea can reach 8 and the gusts are 9-10.

This world, for some people, is so cold that nothing grows; For some people, it is bustling and hot, and every time you speak, there will be flowers and fruits. -Yan Lianke’s "Walking on the Road of Others"

Today’s global health information is broadcast here for you. Thank you for watching it. See you tomorrow!

Integrate health into everything, see you in Boao! In the hot registration of the 2018 Boao Health Summit, join the members of Medical Jiehui for free!

Contact information

Academic cooperation:

Wang Wei 156-5232-2206

Business cooperation:

Dongyan 186-0119-7112

Wang Zhiliang 177-1069-8790

Consultation:

He Qian 153-4014-9844　

Media cooperation:

Ma Xiaobei 176-0086-8287

　　Building a new security pattern is the main task of national security work at present and in the future. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core attaches unprecedented importance to and supports national security work, and the favorable conditions for building a new security pattern are unprecedented. We should shoulder the heavy responsibility of the times and better maintain our strategic strength and initiative.

　　The picture shows that on September 30, 2022, the traditional version of the Learning Outline of the Overall National Security Concept was displayed in bookstores in Hong Kong. China News Service reporter Li Zhihua/photo

　　Political advantage

　　The most fundamental political advantage is a strong leadership core. As the core of the CPC Central Committee and the whole Party, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is at the helm, which provides a fundamental guarantee for building a new security pattern.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of risks and challenges that are rare in the world and history, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, with the great boldness and fearless revolutionary spirit of Marxist politicians, thinkers and strategists, has raised the flag to orient himself in the changeable situation, determined his command in the great war exam, turned the tide in the stormy waves, and fundamentally ensured the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to enter an irreversible historical process. Practice has fully proved that "two establishment" is the greatest certainty, the greatest confidence and the greatest guarantee to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and deal with all uncertainties.

　　On the new journey, with the party’s core, people’s leaders and army commanders who have passed the test of history, practice and struggle at the helm, we have the backbone to overcome various risk challenges, and building a new security pattern can shape our advantages, take the lead and win the initiative.

　　Theoretical advantage

　　The most distinctive theoretical advantage is the party’s innovative theoretical guidance. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has adhered to and developed Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s strategic height from the new era, combined Marxist national security theory with contemporary China’s security practice and China’s excellent traditional strategic culture, and creatively put forward the overall national security concept, which provided a fundamental basis for building a new security pattern.

　　The overall national security concept adheres to the Marxist standpoint and method, grasps national security with overall strategic thinking and broad world vision, lists security as an important part of people’s needs for a better life, and makes a series of creative explanations around major propositions such as development and security, independence and opening to the outside world, maintaining stability and safeguarding rights, order and vitality, which provides fundamental guidance for us to understand and grasp national security from a political perspective, and shows powerful truth power in a series of major struggles to prevent risks, ensure security and safeguard stability in the new era.

　　Development advantage

　　The strongest development advantage is a solid foundation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have made great achievements in economic development, social stability, comprehensive poverty alleviation, and fighting the epidemic, laying a solid foundation for building a new security pattern.

　　We have created a miracle of economic development and pushed the economy onto the road of high-quality development. The proportion of the total economic output in the world has increased from 11.4% in 2012 to over 18% in 2021; Created a miracle of social stability, accelerated the construction of a higher level of peaceful China, and China became one of the safest countries in the world; Created a miracle of getting rid of poverty in an all-round way, historically solved the problem of absolute poverty and built a well-off society in an all-round way; It has created a miracle in the history of human civilization that a populous country successfully walked out of the epidemic and achieved a major decisive victory in epidemic prevention and control.

　　To build a new security structure, we have an unprecedented solid foundation, and we are more confident and powerful than ever before.

　　Institutional advantages

　　The most important institutional advantage is to get out of the national security road with China characteristics. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have successfully created a national security road with China characteristics, and the national security leadership system, rule of law system, strategic system and policy system have been continuously improved, providing a strong institutional guarantee for building a new security pattern.

　　China’s national security road with characteristics, adhere to the absolute leadership of the party, improve the centralized, unified, efficient and authoritative national security work leadership system, and realize the unity of people’s security, political security and national interests first; Insist on defending national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and maintain stability and order in the frontiers, borders and surrounding areas; Adhere to safe development and promote the dynamic balance between high-quality development and high-level safety; Adhere to the overall war and coordinate traditional security and non-traditional security; Adhere to the path of peaceful development and promote the coordination of self-security and common security.

　　The national security road with China characteristics fully demonstrates the institutional code and winning code of "the rule of national security with China characteristics", which has won the advantages and laid the foundation for building a new security pattern and coping with major risks and challenges.

　　[See the two sessions from all walks of life]

　　People who live up to the green hills will live up to them.

　　　Dong Hongru (national model worker, "the most beautiful guardian of nature", former director of Sumushanlin Forest Farm in Xinghe County, Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region)

　　Figure Sketch: Yang Zhenhui　　

　　"Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", the old man I saw with my own eyes, has become a reality in our Sumu Mountain!

　　Sumu Mountain is located at the junction of the three provinces (regions) of Shanxi, Mongolia and Hebei. "There are many deep stones in Shandagou, and it climbs as soon as you go out", with high altitude and cold climate. In the 1950s, it was still a barren hill with only a few birch trees growing sporadically in the shade.

　　In 1958, at the age of 19, I took two "treasures" — — Afforestation Technology and On the Cultivation of Communist party member came to Sumu Mountain and became a ranger. Since then, the "Greening Action" has started.

　　Sumushan land "temper" monster. At first, we tried to plant poplar, birch, apricot and elm, but none of them could grow. Later, I finally found a suitable sapling — — Larix principis-rupprechtii In the autumn of 1966, we began to plant larch on a large scale. In the second year, young trees took out new shoots, and the survival rate was over 90%. By 1980, we had planted more than 100,000 mu in Sumu Mountain, and survived more than 80,000 mu, with an output value of more than 300 million yuan, which successfully filled the afforestation gap in the alpine mountainous area in western Inner Mongolia.

　　In this way, year after year, generation after generation, cold comes and summer goes, and it took decades for our forest farm to finally change from barren hills to mountains and forests!

　　Today, Sumushan has a forested area of 205,000 mu and a forest coverage rate of 74.8%, making it a national standard ecological public welfare forest demonstration base. Sumushan Nature Reserve can increase the average annual forest stock by 11,000 cubic meters, and the ecological services provided by forest resources in water conservation, soil fixation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, atmospheric environment purification, forest recreation and other aspects are as high as hundreds of millions of yuan each year.

　　Green is the greatest wealth of Sumushan Forest Farm. In recent years, more than 100,000 tourists have visited Sumu Mountain every year. "Swim in Sumu Mountain and eat and live in Lujiaying." By selling local products, building villagers’ lodging and special catering, Lujiaying Village at the foot of the mountain has had a "tourist meal" brought by "green water and green mountains" and has become a "online celebrity Village" and a "rural revitalization demonstration village". Eco-tourism drives local people to increase their income and become rich, and a good ecological environment has become the most inclusive livelihood and welfare.

　　With the continuous progress of ecological civilization construction, the Sumu forest farm is different from our time. Not only is the forest length system fully implemented, but there are standardized work processes for afforestation, forest protection and fire prevention, and the working conditions for forest protection such as pest control, replanting and tending have also been greatly improved.

　　Although I am over eighty years old, I will go back to Sumu Mountain from time to time to see where I have fought for a long time. I have done one thing in my life, and that is planting trees. Nowadays, the green hills are getting greener and greener, the woods are being better and better protected by the younger generations, and the people around them are living a more comfortable life.

　　People live up to the castle peak, and the castle peak will live up to people. My whole life has been worth it!

　　　　(Interview with Guangming Daily reporter Yang Shu)

Intern: Don’t be an annoying "goose with a dull head"

There are always new faces in the office, so don’t ask, either interns or new employees on probation.

After a flash of two months, some of the new faces got what they wanted and became familiar faces in the square opposite; Some of them are a passer-by in the office who is forgotten in a blink of an eye; The worst thing is those who have been away for a long time and are still impressive: "It’s so wise of the boss not to let that person stay!"

In most cases, it’s not because everyone is narrow-minded, nor because that person’s ability is poor, mainly because he or she really doesn’t know how to deal with people. "Being a colleague with this kind of person is a disaster!"

A "goose with a dull head" that won’t roll over.

Audit by Daniel accounting firm

That time, there was a master of economics who was still on probation and went on a business trip with us to do projects in other places. At lunch time, as usual, we have to wait for the customer to have dinner together, but the customer is in a meeting, so we are not in a hurry, while continuing our work, we will wait slowly.

Everyone kept their heads down, but the master stood out from the crowd, looking around with his head held high and fidgeting. Finally, he couldn’t help saying to me, "When shall we finish?" Before he could answer, he changed his excited tone and raised his voice and said to everyone, "Well, I’ll sell it to everyone!" What do you want? " Hey! He didn’t want to think about it either. The client’s company is in the suburbs, and there is no shop within a few kilometers. Besides, we didn’t call ourselves hungry. We came to practice, so we were absent-minded!

That night, I worked overtime in the hotel. I stared at the computer, and he didn’t have much work at hand. He watched TV and glanced at me. Finally, he couldn’t help but ask, "What can I do for you?"

"have you done everything Senior arranged for you?" "Ready! Done! " "Then look at the working papers and learn more." After a silence, he suddenly said, "I’ll go to Senior and see what else she can do for me!" " Dizzy! It’s almost midnight! Sure enough, within two minutes, he turned back despondently. It turned out that Senior was taking a bath when he knocked at the door, so he had to open the door with a bath towel. He didn’t show any signs. At thirteen o’clock, he asked nervously, "What can I do?" Without saying anything, Senior slammed the door tightly …

"capable" "gifted scholar"

Staff of Henry IT company

Half a year ago, our department recruited two new people at the same time, one was a master of computer science in Tsinghua, and the other was an undergraduate in a third-rate university. Now, undergraduate students have turned positive, while master Tsinghua has long since disappeared.

The master’s degree is excellent. On the first day of work, a colleague asked him to use Excel to calculate a batch of data. He took a look and said, "This is too simple. I won’t do it. Do it yourself!" The undergraduate is a little girl with a sweet smile. If she doesn’t understand anything, she will ask her colleagues cleverly. When they answer, she will copy it in a small notebook and take it out for digestion during lunch break.

In the first half month, I didn’t see what the master was doing, except sending some funny emails to everyone with the company’s mailbox and always burying my head in typing. Half a month later, before the end of a regular departmental meeting, the manager fought back a smile and said, "A new employee in our department wrote a copy of" Ten Problems in Marketing Management "and gave it to the boss, who asked me to convey it at the meeting." He greeted the master who sat straight and looked proud. "Remember to send your own writing to everyone after the meeting …"

MM, an undergraduate, sat by and listened with a smile all the time. The meeting was held late that day, and there were only a few plates of leftovers when I went downstairs to eat. She suggested that everyone go to a small restaurant to have a rare tooth, and everyone responded. On the way, she went to the bathroom, and when we asked AA to pay the bill, she smiled and said, "I did. Everyone has a meal sticker, and it’s the same for you next time. "

At the end of the three-month probation period, the manager talked to the master about salary. His old man was rude: "Although I have a high degree, I don’t have high salary requirements, as long as the monthly salary is 7,000." After tax! " The manager’s face changed: "Our company does not talk about academic qualifications, but only about contributions. Even aunts who sweep the floor will get a reasonable salary as long as they do well. I’m sorry, I don’t think you are worth the price … "

"Are you almost finished?"

Miss Wang, media personnel

The most annoying intern I have ever seen in my life is in a public relations company.

That time I went to an activity, I arrived early, and my boss was busy around. She asked a new face standing by to greet me. The little boy introduced that he had just come to this company as an intern. If you need anything, just tell him. Just after a few commonplaces, he pulled into our newspaper: "Oh! Are you from XX? Are you almost finished? "

I froze for a while, making sure I heard it right. "Why do you …?"

"Ah, I used to practice in another newspaper, and they were very prosperous at that time, but it didn’t take long for me to practice, and it went downhill! I think your newspaper is so famous … "

I rolled my eyes and was not interested in talking to him. Later, in a chat, I casually mentioned it to his boss. She gasped and said, "I fired this child the next day. Do you know about verbal abuse? He told a reporter from another magazine that he didn’t have your good temper, so he found me on the spot with a pale face … "

Interns use me as a gun.

Amanda, marketing clerk

That little girl Stella, who has been an intern in our company for three days, "forced" everyone to walk around her-there are too many words!

Some colleagues privately said that she was "a rabbit" and her ears stood high all day. No matter what people were discussing, she would suddenly appear and insert a few words with confidence. Talking about advertising arrangements, she said she could go to the railway station to advertise, because there is a large flow of people there-please! Will the piles of migrant workers there buy our cosmetics? Complaining about the supplier, she interjected and said, "Forget it, do you want me to contact you?"-the activity is halfway through, so what a ghost! The most exaggerated thing is that she will ask "Is there any activity that I can cooperate with you recently"-an intern, how can there be "cooperation"?

At the dinner table, she made an open-minded inquiry, asked about the activities we were doing from the most basic definition of marketing, and then added "just right": "I read a book before, and it said …, is that what you mean?" -all know, why ask!

Later, it was getting too much! That time, she went to Frank, who was in charge of the promotion activities, to make a statement, but he bounced back because her suggestion was completely impossible to implement. "I’m bored to death by suggesting that I don’t’ pick up the scorpion’." Frank complained. Unexpectedly, she turned to me and asked me, "I have a suggestion. Can you help me transfer it to Frank?" "Why don’t you just tell him?" She blurted out, "He doesn’t seem very interested. Maybe it would be better if you helped me?" My heart is on fire-Frank bought my face, and on the surface, he naturally promised. However, as an intern, you dare to use me as a gun?

Be successful in my official career during the probation period.

The first 90 days of entering a new company are the most important. If you follow these principles, you can be invincible in the workplace!

■ Absorb knowledge like a sponge.

You need to do your homework, which includes studying the company’s website, reading the annual report, and understanding competitors, products and services.

■ Remember the names of everyone you meet.

Write down the names of everyone you have seen in the past few months, and remember their characteristics and work-if you can accurately name everyone, you will be liked by the other party, and being liked by everyone is the key to ensuring career development.

■ Study interpersonal relationships like "Eight Bitches"

Make good use of your eyes and ears to get to know the influential people without titles in the company. But in any case, don’t get involved in right and wrong.

■ Learn like idolize.

The boss wears the same clothes as the people at the next higher level, but he can’t dress more ostentatiously than he does. Your job is just to make your immediate superior feel that you look like someone from their company.

■ Work as hard as an ox

As a newcomer, you must make an impression of hard work. You need to arrive early and leave late.

In addition, there are some things that colleagues can do, but if you do, people will think that you are too idle. For example, forwarding humorous emails or making personal calls.

■ Activities that surround the company like flies.

This will show your enthusiasm for the company. But these activities had better be related to your work. If you are an intern in the marketing department, don’t be too interested in the media list of the public relations department, which will make people feel that you are looking forward to it.

　　Recently, annual economic reports have been published in various places, and the data of 15 new first-tier cities in 2020 have been announced.

　　By combing the GDP data of 15 new first-tier cities in 2020, CBN found that 13 of the 15 cities have exceeded the trillion-dollar mark. Among them, Chongqing and Suzhou exceeded 2 trillion yuan, closely following the first-tier cities. Xi ‘an ranks first in the growth rate of new first-tier cities.

　　According to the Business Charm Ranking of Cities in 2020 released by CBN New First-tier Cities Research Institute in June 2020, the 15 new first-tier cities in 2020 are Chengdu, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Xi ‘an, Tianjin, Suzhou, Nanjing, Zhengzhou, Changsha, Dongguan, Shenyang, Qingdao, Hefei and Foshan.

　　Catch up with first-tier cities, Chongqing and Suzhou exceed 2 trillion.

　　The data shows that in 2020, the total GDP of 15 new first-tier cities reached 20,716.422 billion yuan, accounting for 20.4% of the country.

　　Among the 15 cities, 13 cities have GDP exceeding the trillion yuan mark, and 2 cities have GDP exceeding 2 trillion yuan, namely Chongqing and Suzhou. Among them, Chongqing ranks first in the new first-tier cities with 2500.279 billion yuan. Among all the cities in China, Chongqing’s GDP ranks fifth after Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and Guangzhou.

　　In 2020, the total GDP of Chongqing is only 1.632 billion yuan less than that of Guangzhou, the fourth first-tier city. In the future, the total GDP of Chongqing is likely to surpass Guangzhou and enter the top four ranks.

　　At present, Chongqing is still accelerating the pace of industrialization and urbanization. The data shows that in 2020, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in Chongqing increased by 5.8% over the previous year. In terms of three categories, the added value of mining industry decreased by 0.6% over the previous year, manufacturing industry increased by 6.4%, and electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries increased by 2.1%. The eight pillar industries continued to recover, and the automobile, electronics and materials industries greatly promoted the industrial growth of the city, with the added value increasing by 10.1%, 13.9% and 7.1% respectively over the previous year. Equipment, medicine, consumer goods industry and energy industry increased by 2.9%, 4.5%, 0.8% and 0.9% respectively.

　　Peng Peng, executive chairman of Guangdong Provincial System Reform Research Association, analyzed the First Financial Report. Chongqing’s population and geographical area are much larger than those of Guangzhou. Under the new development pattern of double circulation, its advantages will be more obvious. In addition, the huge population will be transferred to cities and towns, which will have a great pulling effect on infrastructure construction and real estate. There is a high probability that the total GDP will surpass Guangzhou in the future.

　　After Chongqing, Suzhou’s GDP in 2020 was 2,017.05 billion yuan, an increase of 3.4% over the previous year at comparable prices. The total GDP ranked second among new first-tier cities and sixth among all cities in China. It is worth noting that Suzhou is also the only ordinary prefecture-level city among the six cities that have broken through the 2 trillion yuan mark, and is also known as the "most cattle prefecture-level city".

　　Data show that last year, Suzhou achieved a general public budget revenue of 230.3 billion yuan, an increase of 3.7% over the previous year, making it the fourth largest city in China for the first time. There were 29 new domestic and overseas listed companies, including 25 domestic A-share listed companies. There are 181 listed companies at home and abroad, including 144 domestic A-share listed companies, ranking fifth in the country.

　　Ding Changfa, an associate professor in the Department of Economics of Xiamen University, analyzed the First Financial Report. Suzhou is backed by Shanghai, "enjoying the cool under a big tree", and the spillover effect of Shanghai is particularly obvious. Strong scientific and educational resources and modern service industries have promoted the transformation and upgrading of Suzhou.

　　The data shows that in 2020, the number of high-tech enterprises declared, recognized, net increased and effective in Suzhou reached a record high. At the end of the year, the number of effective high-tech enterprises reached 9,772, approaching 10,000, continuing to rank fifth in the country, second only to the four first-tier cities in Guangzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

　　Chengdu’s GDP ranks third in new first-tier cities with 1.77 trillion yuan. In recent years, Chengdu’s high-tech industry has developed rapidly. According to previous reports from Chengdu media, in 2020, it is estimated that there will be more than 1,900 high-tech enterprises in Chengdu, with an increase of over 40%, and the total number is expected to exceed 6,100. At the same time, it is estimated that the annual revenue of high-tech industries will exceed 1 trillion yuan.

　　The fourth place is Hangzhou. After the epidemic, Hangzhou’s digital economy has accelerated its development and the inflow of talents has accelerated. According to the data of Hangzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics, in 2020, the added value of the core industries of digital economy in the city was 429 billion yuan, up 13.3%, 9.4 percentage points higher than the GDP growth rate, accounting for 26.6% of GDP, up 1.9 percentage points from the previous year; The added value of digital content, software and information services, and electronic information products manufacturing industries were 311.3 billion yuan, 344.1 billion yuan and 109 billion yuan, respectively, up by 12.7%, 12.9% and 14.7%. The artificial intelligence industry continued to grow, achieving an added value of 34 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2%.

　　This year’s work report of the Hangzhou Municipal Government shows that in 2020, the attraction of Hangzhou to outstanding talents will continue to increase. In 2020, Hangzhou introduced 436,000 college students under the age of 35, and the net inflow rate of talents continued to rank first in the country.

　　13 cities exceed one trillion, and Dongguan has a foot in the door.

　　Wuhan, which was most affected by the epidemic, saw its GDP decrease by 4.7% in 2020, ranking fifth after Hangzhou in the new first-tier cities.

　　Nanjing is a typical example of the rise of a strong province in recent years. As one of the five largest cities with the most concentrated higher education resources in China, Nanjing ranks third in the country in terms of comprehensive strength in science and education, second only to Beijing and Shanghai, and has many powerful universities such as Nanjing University and Southeast University. In recent years, Nanjing has given full play to its strong advantages in science and education resources, vigorously built a famous science and technology city and developed emerging industries. In 2020, the total GDP of Nanjing will enter the top ten for the first time among all cities.

　　Despite being surpassed by Nanjing, Tianjin’s GDP in 2020 also exceeded 1.4 trillion yuan, which is not far from Nanjing. Qingdao, Changsha and Zhengzhou all exceed 1.2 trillion yuan, and the gap between them is also very tight.

　　As a manufacturing city, Foshan entered the trillion-dollar mark in 2019, and continued to relegate successfully in 2020, staying in the trillion-dollar club. Hefei and Xi ‘an, two cities with strong provinces, entered the ranks of trillion clubs for the first time in 2020. Among them, Xi ‘an became the first trillion-dollar city in the northwest.

　　Together with Hefei and Xi ‘an, among the 15 new first-tier cities in 2020, 13 cities have already entered the trillion-dollar club, and only Dongguan and Shenyang have not yet been shortlisted. Among them, Dongguan, as an important reserve army of a trillion-dollar club city, was temporarily stranded in 2020.

　　Hu Gang, president of South China Urban Research Association and professor of Jinan University, analyzed CBN, and found that Dongguan will be greatly impacted by the export-oriented economy in 2020. Affected by the epidemic, a large number of migrant workers found it difficult to return to their posts in the first quarter of 2020, and many orders could not be completed; After April, the export was blocked again. However, with the rebound of orders, according to the current situation, Dongguan will have a high probability of breaking through the trillion-dollar mark in 2021.

　　In contrast, Shenyang, the only new first-tier city in Northeast China, is still far from the trillion-dollar mark. According to the data released by Shenyang Municipal Bureau of Statistics, the city’s GDP in 2020 is 657.16 billion yuan, which is 0.8% higher than the previous year at comparable prices, and the total economic output is only 26.3% of that of Chongqing, which ranks first.

　　From the perspective of growth rate, several new first-tier cities with faster growth rate are mainly cities with strong provinces, among which the top five are Xi ‘an, Nanjing, Hefei, Chengdu and Changsha. Among them, Xi ‘an ranks first in the new first-tier cities with a growth rate of 5.2%. In addition, Hefei, Changsha and Chengdu also come from the central and western regions.

　　Ding Changfa told CBN that with the rise of comprehensive costs in coastal developed areas, a large number of industries moved to the central and western regions. In this process, the central and western regions, especially the cities with strong provinces, became the focus of industrial and population agglomeration, and the economic growth rate was relatively fast.

　　On the other hand, after China’s economic development has entered a new stage of transformation and upgrading, the advantages of provincial capital cities in science, education, medical care and culture have become increasingly prominent, the development of high-tech industries in provincial capital cities has accelerated, the city’s primacy has also been continuously improved, and the ability to gather surrounding resource elements and drive and lead the surrounding development has been continuously enhanced.

　　In contrast, the cities with slow growth rate, except Wuhan, which was hit hard by the epidemic, are mainly from Northeast China and North China, and Dongguan and Foshan, where the coastal export-oriented economy accounts for a relatively large proportion.

Why did Changsha waste store dump the leftover bits and pieces of thousands of stores?

Recycling is hard to sell. There used to be 1,500 stores, but now there are 200: the more they are torn down, the more they are padded.

With the profit of waste recycling getting smaller and smaller, street vendors who recycle waste are becoming less and less common. (data picture)

"Waste, color TV refrigerator washing machine … books and newspapers … beer bottles …"

Hearing shouts coming from the alley, Wang Miao ran out. Five minutes later, the 14-year-old color TV at home changed its owner.

Half an hour later, this color TV set was sent by Lao Li to the waste recycling station in Zhushanyuan, Changsha, and sold to 80 yuan. Lao Li earned 10 yuan on this trip.

The data shows that in 2015, 1.7 million tons of waste electrical products were recycled and dismantled in China, with an output rate of 98.2% and an economic value of 4.95 billion yuan. However, when the reporter visited the recycling destination of used household appliances, he learned that the number of waste materials recycling shops in Changsha has been greatly reduced, and now there are only more than 200. Moreover, qualified waste household appliances dismantling enterprises are also facing a series of problems such as difficult recycling and difficult capital operation. ■ Trainee reporter and Tingting

survey

Profits fell, and waste shops in Changsha dropped sharply.

On the afternoon of August 13th, the reporter went to Zhushanyuan Waste Recycling Station where Lao Li resold color TV sets, and found that the site of nearly 20 square meters was filled with plastic and some old household appliances, and the carefree and boring proprietress was dressing up.

"It has been open for more than ten years, and now even the children can’t afford to study. My husband has already switched to the construction site as a temporary worker." When it comes to business, the proprietress has some complaints.

"I feel that business is getting worse every year, and now many waste shops are closed." Wife of shop-owner looking at the outdoor sun, some low tone.

"There are indeed many closures. At present, there are only more than 200 waste recycling shops in Changsha." Zhou Wei, secretary-general of Changsha Renewable Resources Recycling Association, said that around 2009, there were more than 1,500 waste recycling shops in Changsha at the peak.

It is understood that the reason for the closure of many waste recycling shops is the serious decline in profits. Boss Liu of the recycling station of renewable resources in Maojiaqiao Lane has been engaged in this line for many years. "I used to collect three plastic bottles for one dime, but now I can collect six. What do you think?"

Profits have declined, but daily expenses such as rent and labor have increased year by year. Unsustainable bosses can only change careers or close their doors.

In the investigation and interview, the reporter learned that many recycling shops simply disassemble the used household appliances that arrive at the store or send them to individual small workshops for disassembly, and most of them are resold to the second-hand household appliances market, and the profit margin can be imagined. "There are only a few people, so how can we have the energy to make a fine disassembly?" Boss Liu said frankly.

In fact, waste household appliances have huge invisible wealth. Data show that from 2012 to 2015, nearly 200 million sets of discarded electrical and electronic products were recycled in China, and 195 million sets were dismantled. Among them, in 2015, 1.7 million tons of waste electrical products were dismantled, and the output rate was as high as 98.2%.

In addition to waste stations and small individual workshops, many enterprises also took a fancy to this piece of cake, and some enterprises specializing in dismantling came into being. There are four such enterprises in Hunan. "Last year, the number of waste’ four machines and one brain’ theoretically produced in our province was about 2 million units, and these four enterprises dismantled about 4 million units. They digested most of the waste household appliances in our province." Zhou Wei said.

However, these qualified formal dismantling enterprises have also encountered difficulties. Zhuzhou Kaitian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. is one of the four qualified dismantling enterprises in Hunan, with an annual dismantling capacity of about 800,000 units. Li Jun, the company’s new business development department minister, was deeply touched. "There are more and more scrapped household appliances dismantled, but less and less money is made."

question

The more demolition, the more the enterprise advances.

"At present, the recycling price of a waste household appliance is around 80 yuan, and the management and dismantling cost is 25 yuan, and the total expenditure cost is about 105 yuan. Dismantling a home appliance can probably generate value around 35 yuan, plus the fund subsidy around 75 yuan, and the profit of each home appliance is probably above 5 yuan. " Li Jun calculated an account.

But this is only an ideal account book.

"Our dismantling subsidies in the third and fourth quarters of last year have not yet been put in place, so the company has been paying for it." Li Jun said.

According to Li Jun, an enterprise with an annual dismantling capacity of 1 million household appliances needs to pay about 40 million yuan in advance for the fund subsidy of 75 yuan, excluding the dismantling value of 35 yuan. "In addition, enterprises will still have some stocks, and the basic amount of funds will be around 40 million to 50 million."

"Now there are three mountains on the head of our dismantling enterprises. The first mountain is the continuous decline in the prices of bulk commodities. Second, the price of recycling keeps rising. Third, with the massive dismantling in recent years, the amount of used household appliances has gradually decreased. " Zhou Jun, general manager of Hunan Wanrong Technology Co., Ltd. said.

trace to the source

What is the crux of the problem ?

The recovery system is not perfect

What is the crux of the recycling of used household appliances?

Zhou Wei introduced that China’s fund subsidy policy is biased towards the management and subsidy of dismantling enterprises, but it does not set certain thresholds or requirements for circulation links such as waste stations at the front end. Therefore, it can be collected by walking the streets and lanes, and three or two sets can also be collected, and the recycling price is also difficult to control.

Moreover, the policy model of domestic fund subsidies is borrowed from foreign countries. However, abroad is an extension of producer responsibility system and consumer responsibility system, and not only producers but also consumers have to pay for the disposal of used waste household appliances. However, there is still a lack of consumer responsibility system in China, and residents’ treatment of used household appliances is sales, and whoever bids high will sell it to them.

"In the 1970s and 1980s, recycling enterprises were state-owned, and they had a complete system. Nowadays, recycling enterprises are private, and their fundamental attributes are profit-seeking, big profits, small profits, and no profits. So far, the domestic recycling system has been imperfect. " Zhou Wei said.

suggestion

Transformation and upgrading

Self-built recycling channel

Zhou Jun said that in the face of the current difficult recycling situation, enterprises need to be deep and refined at the front end, build their own recycling channel system and increase recycling efforts.

"The imperfect recycling system has restricted the development of many waste electrical appliances dismantling enterprises in the province. Two years ago, one or two of the 10 discarded electrical appliances dismantled by the company were recycled through its own channels, and now the proportion has increased to 7-8. In this way, the industrial chain can be moved forward ecologically. On the one hand, it reduces circulation links to avoid scalpers raising prices, on the other hand, it can guarantee the quality of home appliances. " Zhou Jun said.

Tang Qinqin, president of the Provincial Chamber of Commerce for Household Electrical Appliances Industry, believes that a rental platform for household electrical appliances can be established, and the whole process of product sales-reservation-installation-maintenance (-subletting)-recycling-dismantling-scrapping can be completed on this platform, so as to realize the full integration of electronic products from factory to scrapping. This can not only ensure the whole process of product control, but also reduce circulation links and save costs. In addition, the form of leasing is also conducive to improving the reuse rate of products and promoting the recycling of resources.