Abstract: With the economic development, industrial transformation and social and cultural changes, the current public consumption behaviors and concepts present some new characteristics and trends. On the whole, "careful calculation" has become the main behavior mode of public consumption, and the proportion of basic living consumption in the public consumption structure is still high. The public pays more attention to the spiritual value and consumption experience of consumption, and generally expects more diversified product consumption, service consumption and consumption scenarios. From the specific field, digital consumption, green consumption, healthy consumption and experience consumption have become the new trend of public consumption. To stimulate the new consumption potential, we need to conform to the new characteristics and trends of public consumption, open up the difficulties, pain points and blocking points that affect public consumption, and improve the long-term mechanism for expanding consumption.

[Keywords:] consumer behavior, consumption concept, digital consumption, green consumption and healthy consumption [Chinese library classification number] C913.3 [document identification code] a

Consumption is not only an important driving force for economic growth, but also an important factor affecting people’s quality of life. With the continuous optimization of economic structure and the continuous improvement of residents’ income level, the role of consumption as the main engine of economic growth is more prominent. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2023, the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth was 82.5%. 2024 is the year of consumption promotion, and the policy focus is further tilted towards consumption. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Decision) emphasizes "accelerating the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system" and "improving the long-term mechanism for expanding consumption". The the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Conference held at the end of September, 2024 analyzed and studied the current economic situation and economic work, and emphasized that "promoting consumption and benefiting people’s livelihood should be combined to increase the income of low-and middle-income groups and improve the consumption structure. We must cultivate new consumer formats. "

Boosting consumption needs to understand the new changes and conform to the new trend of public consumption. With the development of domestic economy, industrial upgrading and social and cultural changes, the current public consumption tendency, consumption structure and consumption mentality have undergone significant changes, showing some new characteristics and trends. Grasping these new features and trends has certain guiding significance for accurately making policies to open up the difficulties, pain points and blocking points that affect public consumption and release consumption potential. In order to understand the new characteristics and trends of public consumption in China, September 12, 2024 — On September 20th, People’s Think Tank conducted a questionnaire survey for the public through the Internet and WeChat WeChat official account, and collected 5,304 valid questionnaires.

New characteristics of current public consumption behavior and concept

Public consumption behavior and consumption concept in different periods have different characteristics. At present, China’s public consumption shows the characteristics of being more cautious, paying more attention to the spiritual value of consumption and being more diversified. Changes in the economic and employment situation, changes in social and cultural fashions, the constant emergence of new consumer products, new formats and new scenes, and the profound influence of social basic emotions have jointly shaped the consumption characteristics of the public in the current period.

Public consumption is becoming more cautious, and "careful calculation" has become the main behavior mode of public consumption at present. Through the analysis of public consumption behavior patterns, it can be seen that rational consumption and living within our means have become the common characteristics of current public consumption behavior, and the consumption behavior pattern of "careful calculation" is more common in all groups. 56.1% of the respondents think that their current consumption behavior pattern is "careful calculation, some aspects can save, others are willing to spend money", 16.9% of the respondents think that it is "saving, living with low desire", and over 70% of the respondents choose the content related to "saving". In addition, the proportion of people who choose "having fun in time, but not borrowing for consumption", "spending ahead, spending early and enjoying early" and "other consumption behavior patterns" are 21.3%, 5.3% and 0.4% respectively. It is worth noting that the Z generation group (1995 — Among the respondents born in 2009, 55.3% thought their consumption behavior pattern was "careful calculation", while only 5.9% thought it was "ahead of consumption", which showed that, to some extent, ahead of consumption and excessive consumption were no longer common among young people.Consumption tendency refers to the proportion of disposable income spent by consumers. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the average consumption tendency of Chinese residents in the first half of 2024 was 65.6%, lower than 68.3% in 2023. As the global economic growth slows down, the risk of geopolitical conflicts increases, personal income faces more uncertainty, and public consumption decisions become more cautious.

The public pays more attention to the spiritual value of consumer products and the consumption experience in the process of consumption, and the "recommendation-oriented" consumption concept is more common among young people. In terms of consumption concept, the public pays more attention to the symbolic value and altruistic value of consumption, hoping to show their own taste through consumption behavior. According to the survey data, the public’s recognition score for the statement that "consumption behavior can highlight my quality of life and taste" is 3.02 (out of 5), and the recognition score for the statement that "I prefer to spend for my relatives and friends than to please myself" is 3.36, which is at a high level. The public also has a strong local consciousness in consumption, and the recognition score of "I prefer to support domestic brands" is 3.56 points. At the same time, the public also pays more attention to the experience in the consumption process, and the recognition score of the statement "I am willing to pay extra for a better shopping experience" is 2.97 points. These data show to some extent that the current public consumption concept has begun to shift from materialistic values to post-materialistic values, paying more attention to the spiritual value of consumption. In addition, personalized and diversified consumption has gradually become the mainstream. When making consumption decisions, the public is easily influenced by others’ evaluation and recommendation, which is reflected in a "recommendation-oriented" consumption view. Survey data show that,The public said to me, "I often feel sorry for other people’s ‘ Planting grass ’ Or ‘ Amway ’ The recognition score of the statement "consumption" is 2.90 (out of 5), and the recognition score of the statement "I often buy goods in the live broadcast room with goods" is 2.82, and the recognition score of the youth group for these two statements is higher than the average. It shows that the recommendation of others plays a guiding role in the consumption decision of the public, especially the youth group.

There is still much room for growth in public consumption potential, and more diversified consumption services and products, consumption scenes and spaces are generally expected. In the survey on "What are the new expectations of consumer products, services and scene innovation", the three options most selected by the respondents were "more diversified catering consumer services" (41.8%), "new tourism products such as low-altitude tourism, camping tourism and recreational tourism" (41.5%) and "more intelligent and intelligent smart home products" (37.4%). The public has more expectations for the diversification of catering consumption services and higher enthusiasm for tourism consumption. Tourism consumption is an important aspect of stimulating consumption growth, and meeting the increasingly diversified, personalized and quality tourism consumption needs of the public is an important focus of promoting consumption growth at present. In addition, respondents have a high proportion of choices such as "more products can be customized and personalized", "entertainment products such as movies and games are more quality and rich" and "more excellent research routes".

The basic living expenditure accounts for a relatively high proportion, and the main consumption expenditure types of different groups are different. The survey of public consumption structure shows that the proportion of basic living consumption in public consumption structure is still high. When asked what the monthly consumption expenditure is mainly concentrated in, they chose renting, transportation, water and electricity (43.3%), clothing, shoes and hats (39.8%) and food, alcohol and tobacco (38.6%). In addition, when asked "what are the most important factors that affect your consumption", 43.2% of the respondents chose "mortgage, car loan and rent are under great pressure" and 32.2% chose "children’s education expenditure accounts for a relatively large proportion". This shows that the proportion of daily living expenses in the overall consumption of the public is still high, mainly concentrated in housing (including renting and mortgage), transportation, clothing, catering, education and so on. In the case of stable overall expenditure, the proportion of basic living consumption is high, and other consumption space has to be appropriately compressed. In terms of groups, female respondents chose "clothing, shoes and hats" (41.2%) and "beauty cosmetics and skin care products" (34.5%), while male respondents chose "Household electronic appliances (32.7%) and entertainment services such as movies and games (23.0%) account for a relatively high proportion, and the respondents of Generation Z choose clothing, shoes and hats (43.2%), household electronic appliances (33.3%) and entertainment services such as movies and games (25.3%) It can be seen that the consumption structure of different groups is different.

The new trend of current public consumption patterns and patterns

The Central Economic Work Conference in 2023 emphasized that it is necessary to actively "cultivate and expand new consumption, vigorously develop digital consumption, green consumption and healthy consumption, and actively cultivate smart homes, recreational tourism, sports events and domestic products ‘ Chaopin ’ Waiting for new consumption growth points. " At present, with China’s digital economy, green economy, health industry and other new economic formats entering the fast lane of development, supply-side consumer products and services are constantly upgrading, demand-side public consumption demand and willingness are constantly evolving, and the current consumption field presents some new trends.

The public actively participates in digital consumption, and has a certain recognition of the digital transformation of service consumption, product consumption and consumption scenarios. Digital consumption not only changed the manufacturing pattern, but also promoted the high-end and intelligent upgrading of consumer products, optimized the service consumption process and innovated the consumption scene. These changes have had a wide and profound impact on the public and become an important trend in the development of the consumer market. According to the survey data, when asked "which aspects of digital transformation have significantly optimized the experience of shopping, service and product use", 46.3% of the respondents chose "digital medical care, such as cloud consultation and electronic medical record interconnection". In the medical field, digital technology has improved the efficiency and accessibility of medical services, broken geographical restrictions through telemedicine, intelligent diagnosis and other means, and provided patients with a more convenient medical service experience. 39.4% of the respondents chose "digital cultural tours, such as online cultural exhibitions and immersive scenes". In the field of cultural tourism, digital technology has created an immersive and interactive travel experience for tourists through innovative technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality. 35.8% of the respondents chose "Internet of Things Smart Home". Intelligentization has become the main trend of the development of the home industry, meeting the needs and expectations of the public’s digital intelligent life. In addition, choose "online virtual mall, 3D immersive shopping" "The proportion of unmanned distribution service, unmanned retail and smart retail is 33.1%, 25.0% and 15.5% respectively. With the deep application of digital technology, intelligent and convenient new consumption scenes are constantly emerging, which effectively stimulates the public’s willingness to consume and optimizes the public’s consumption experience.

The concept of green consumption has become a general consensus of public consumption, and the public’s green consumption preference involves food, supplies, travel and other aspects. In recent years, the public’s awareness of green consumption has been continuously enhanced, and the concept of green consumption has gradually taken root in people’s hearts. Green products and services in food, supplies, travel and other consumption areas have become new consumption growth points, driving the rapid growth of the green consumption market. According to the survey data, 50.5% of the respondents had the behavior of "buying green appliances such as energy-saving air conditioners and energy-saving refrigerators", and 46.6% of the respondents "chose online takeaway ‘ No tableware required ’ , shopping choice ‘ Simple packaging ’ " 33.6% of the respondents "often travel in bike-sharing", 26.2% will "buy new energy vehicles" and 22.6% will "pay attention to the carbon footprint of products and use it as the basis for purchasing decisions". This shows that the concept of green consumption has become one of the key factors affecting public consumption decisions in product consumption and service consumption. In addition, 33.3% of the respondents will "buy goods on second-hand idle platforms" and 15.3% will "participate in the trade-in activities of consumer goods", which will help reduce resource consumption and environmental pollution.It is also a reflection of the transformation of green consumption concept into green consumption practice.

The growing awareness of public health has prompted healthy consumption to become the "new darling" in the field of consumption. Health preservation, healthy diet, health care and home health are the areas of healthy consumption that the public generally pays more attention to. With the development of economy and society and the improvement of people’s living standards, the public’s health awareness is getting stronger and stronger, and more and more people are willing to "pay for health", and the demand for healthy consumption continues to grow. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2023, the per capita health care consumption expenditure was 2,460 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 16.0%. This survey shows that healthy consumption, such as health preservation, healthy food and home health, is a hot spot in consumption. 48.8% of the respondents have consumption preferences in health care, including purchasing health care products, supplementing nutrients and health care equipment; 48.1% of people have consumption preferences in healthy eating, such as buying pure natural and zero-added foods and consulting nutritionists for payment. 38.2% people have consumption preferences in medical and health care, such as regular physical examination and oral medical services; The proportion of people who have consumption preference in home health is 33.9%, such as buying air purifiers, home water purifiers and home oxygen generators. In addition, 27.2% and 4.9% of the respondents have consumption preferences in fitness exercise and emotional healing, respectively.

The public pays more and more attention to experience consumption, and the experience-oriented economy of travel, study and night has become a new hot spot and new trend of public consumption. "Experience" is a kind of "good feeling" that consumers get by integrating into the scene created by suppliers. At present, the public’s consumption concept is gradually changing to experience. Experience can be not only an additional service of consumer products, but also the consumer content itself that the public is willing to pay for. This consumption concept is reflected in the hot phenomenon of tourist destinations such as Zibo and Tianshui, which are rich in experience scenes rather than traditional humanities and natural landscapes. "Punch-in consumption" has become a distinctive label of the younger generation’s consumption behavior. At present, the content of public experience consumption is more diverse. According to the survey data, 39.1% of the respondents will "punch in online celebrity restaurants and drink shops", 38.1% will "experience hand-made ceramics and DIY hand-made shops", 37.3% will "experience immersive drama and art exhibitions", 35.7% will like to "visit newly opened shopping malls and brand stores", and 35.2% will like it.17.7% of the respondents like to "visit the digital electronic product experience store". In terms of preference for experience consumption, the current public prefers tourist destinations with strong cultural flavor, and also has certain preferences for research economy and night economy. The survey results show that the public’s recognition of "paying more attention to human factors when making tourism choices than natural landscape", "research tourism is more rewarding and educational than ordinary tourism" and "preferring cities with high economic richness at night" are 3.27, 3.27 and 3.40 respectively (out of 5), and the recognition is at a high level.

Countermeasures and suggestions on perfecting the long-term mechanism of expanding residents’ consumption

Stabilize employment and promote growth, further improve the income level of residents and release consumption potential. Employment is the most basic livelihood, which directly affects the income level of residents. The promotion of per capita disposable income affects the improvement of consumption power. In the survey, among the problems that need to be taken to activate the public consumption potential, 45.3% choose "stabilizing employment to promote growth and improve residents’ income level". At present, China’s economy and society have entered the stage of high-quality development, and a large number of new employment growth points have emerged under the new growth mode. New economic formats such as green economy, healthy economy, digital economy, silver-haired economy, first-time economy and low-altitude economy have spawned new employment opportunities, laying the foundation for promoting high-quality full employment. On the one hand, it is suggested to further improve relevant policy support measures, develop new economic formats that drive employment and create new employment growth points; On the other hand, it is suggested to improve the employment public service system, improve the vocational skills training system, combine job creation, skills training and job transfer assistance, continuously improve the employability of workers, and promote the improvement of consumption power with the improvement of workers’ income level.

Improve the social security system and weave a social security safety net. 47.4% of the respondents chose to "improve the social security system and reduce worries" in the question of measures needed to activate the public consumption potential. Social security system is the "safety net" of people’s life and the "stabilizer" of social operation. The Decision adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee emphasized: "Improve the social security system … … We will improve the mechanism for reasonable adjustment of basic old-age pension and basic medical insurance financing and treatment, and gradually increase the basic pension for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents. " China has built the largest social security system in the world. Next, it is necessary to further weave the "safety net" of social security, continuously enhance the sustainability, accessibility, safety, convenience and standardization of social security, strengthen the inclusive, basic and comprehensive construction of people’s livelihood, improve the employment priority policy and improve the social security system, so that the achievements of modernization can benefit all people more fairly.

Optimize consumption promotion measures and pay attention to the combination of short-term and long-term. 37.2% of the respondents chose to expand the scope of trade-in of consumer goods and continue to issue consumer vouchers to help businesses benefit the people, while 26.6% of the respondents chose to increase the scale of consumer credit and reduce the interest rate of consumer loans. 2024 is the year of consumption promotion, and the measures of consumption promotion have achieved remarkable results. In the aspect of optimizing consumption promotion measures, in the short term, it is suggested to introduce effective policies to benefit the people and promote consumption to enhance residents’ consumption demand; In the long run, it is suggested to optimize the consumption environment, cultivate new consumption formats, promote structural reforms on the supply side and the demand side, and achieve a higher quality and higher level of dynamic balance between supply and demand through the benign interaction between supply and demand.

Improve the protection mechanism of consumers’ rights and interests. 46.6% of the respondents believe that the public consumption potential should be activated from the perspective of "strengthening the protection of consumers’ rights and interests". China’s consumer rights protection work has achieved remarkable results, but with the rapid development of economy and society, especially the emergence of new formats and models such as online consumption, the difficulties and key issues encountered in consumer rights protection work are constantly changing. Therefore, it is suggested that the legal system of consumer rights protection in China should be further improved and the consumer rights protection network should be woven tightly; Strengthen supervision means, severely investigate and punish illegal acts that infringe on consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, and create a good consumption environment for consumers. In addition, it is also an effective way to protect consumers’ rights and interests for operators to abide by the law and strengthen industry self-discipline and social supervision.

Create new consumption scenes and expand new consumption space. 16.4% of the respondents believe that the public consumption potential should be further activated by creating new consumption scenarios and promoting product innovation. The new consumption scene is a systematic integration of new consumption formats, new models and new products, and its essence is a sustainable new way of life including content and experience. To create new consumption scenes and expand new consumption space, in addition to the support of national policies, it also needs the blessing of science and technology and the cultivation and shaping of public consumption concepts. On the one hand, it is suggested to use modern information technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence and virtual reality to promote the integration of technological innovation and consumption scenarios, and to innovate service models and product formats; On the other hand, it is suggested to cultivate a green, healthy and sustainable consumption concept to promote the upgrading of consumption.

(Written by: Wei Aiyun, Pan Lili, Liu Zhe)

Editor-in-Chief/Tannin edited by Zhao Chenghuan/Li Xiangfeng

Disclaimer: This article is the original content of People’s Forum Magazine. Any unit or individual should reply to this micro-signal for authorization, and be sure to indicate the source and author when reprinting, otherwise legal responsibility will be investigated.

　　According to the news of China National Railway Group Co., Ltd., in 2025, one month after the start of Spring Festival travel rush (January 14th-February 14th), the national railways sent a total of 413 million passengers. On February 18th, the national railways are expected to send 10.4 million passengers, and 522 more trains are planned.

　　According to Guangzhou Railway Group, on February 18th, Guangzhou Railway Group sent 1.351 million passengers and reached 1.467 million passengers. Spring Festival travel rush entered the final stage, the overall passenger flow remained stable, and short-distance trips in the province accounted for a significant proportion. By dynamically adjusting the transportation scheme of "one map per day", Guangzhou Railway Group started 3036 passenger trains, including 153 additional passenger trains, including 101 EMU trains.

　　After the Lantern Festival, the railway Spring Festival travel rush ushered in a new round of return peak, and the passenger flow of Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Shantou-Guangzhou, Chongqing-Guangzhou, Fuzhou-Shenzhen and other lines was relatively hot, especially after the holiday, college students concentrated on traveling, and the student flow showed explosive growth, which is expected to reach its peak on February 22.

　　This year, in Spring Festival travel rush, Hong Kong people went north to visit relatives, and their enthusiasm for traveling was high. The number of mainland visitors to Hong Kong was also active. Since Spring Festival travel rush, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong high-speed railway has transported 3.307 million passengers, including 1.657 million passengers from the mainland to Hong Kong, and 1.65 million passengers from Hong Kong to the mainland, with more than 210 EMU trains running every day. It is understood that the direct high-speed rail network in Hong Kong has covered 94 cities.

　　In order to improve passengers’ travel experience, Shenzhen North Railway Station launched an intelligent security inspection system, which reduced the queuing time through an intelligent registration system and added an extended security inspection belt to cope with peak hours.

　　Guangzhou South Railway Station pays attention to providing worry-free services for key passengers such as the old, the young, the sick, the disabled and the pregnant, unblocks online and offline booking services, and increases young volunteers in areas such as the "Chunlan" service post, the waiting area for the elderly and the waiting room for mothers and babies, and actively guides passengers to take the bus in an orderly manner.

　　Guangzhou Railway Station has set up a temporary waiting area for passengers who arrive in the middle of the night and need to transfer the next day. It is equipped with convenience supermarkets and hot and cold drinking fountains to meet the waiting catering needs of passengers, and additional customer service personnel are added to ensure the peak service quality and make passengers experience better.

　　The railway department suggested that if passengers forget to bring their identity documents when traveling, they can quickly apply for temporary boarding identification through the 12306App. At present, the electronic temporary boarding identification covers all stations that implement e-tickets, and can be used for selling and returning tickets at the station window, checking manual gates and gates in real-name registration system, and checking tickets in and out of the station.

The following article is from Visual Sense, written by Doby Long.

Visual sense

Open the new rank order of visual boundary

This article is authorized to be reproduced from "Visual Records", ID: iiidaily; Weibo | @ Visual Zhi; Author Doby Long

Today is the 124th anniversary of Zhou Enlai’s birth.

Some time ago, someone dug up a novel written by Premier Zhou Enlai as a teenager. When the Prime Minister was only 16 years old, he wrote a chivalrous story "The Woman Hero" under the pseudonym "Feifei". Don’t say it. It’s funny.

This story was posted on Weibo by netizens, and was praised by countless people. Many people know that Premier Zhou wrote novels, but they may not know the specific content.

What exactly is the novel about?

01

Once upon a time …

Once upon a time, there was a thin and sad boy walking in an endless wilderness. The cool wind blows the hat and the drizzle touches the clothes, which makes people feel embarrassed.

Behind the boy, followed by a white-haired old slave and a Tsing Yi. The old slave is loyal and his fighting capacity is extremely weak.

The young girl looks very courageous. She comforted the young girl and said that with me, I will never let the bad guys hurt you. We are only four miles away from our destination.

In 1911, the young Zhou Enlai took a photo.

At the beginning of the story, the atmosphere was rendered bleak and suspenseful. The reader thought it was a story of "beautiful boys and his friends’ great adventure", but after reading on, it was discovered that the protagonist the author wanted to create was Hong Feiying, a young girl in Tsing Yi.

The first chapter of the novel set up a junior for Hong Feiying: an upright girl with some high-powered martial arts in her body. Her father lives as a bodyguard. Dad Hong is a righteous and fair man, and he is an elder admired by Shiliba Village. However, his son is treacherous and greedy, and after his death, he runs rampant in the village, bullies his sister and continues to commit crimes.

In January 1920, Zhou Enlai took a photo.

At this point in the story, readers will think that the author will talk about the trivial things of the growth of the hostess.

But it didn’t. Here, I want to boast about the literary skills of Feifei. At the age of 16, I can structure a long article skillfully. He wrote a grievance first.

He said that the hostess had a girlfriend surnamed Zhang, who had a bad life and became a widow at a young age. Zhang’s father forced his daughter to remarry, and Zhang committed suicide in a hurry.

Dad Zhang falsely accused Zhang’s in-laws of forcing his daughter-in-law to death for money.

Originally, the county magistrate thought that Zhang Torre was making a lie, but Zhang Torre invited the woman’s brother and uncle to pull strings, bribed the county magistrate, and let Zhang’s in-laws go to prison.

In 1921, London was photographed.

The climax is coming! Zhang’s in-laws were trapped in prison when they saw a masked knight sneak into the cell, cut the chain three or two times, rescued them both, and then disappeared without a trace.

The parents wanted to go by boat to their nephews in other places, but they happened to meet a boatman’s daughter and sent them across the river for free.

When the parents arrived in other places, they successfully recognized their nephews. At the same time, in the county government of their hometown, the chief told the county magistrate in panic: Master is not good! The old man and the old lady in the cell have escaped!

Zhou Enlai in Huangpu Military Academy

At this point in the story, we have been able to understand what kind of person sixteen-year-old Feifei is through words.

He is full of justice, soft-blooded, and has a strong sense of good and evil. He doesn’t like the government bullying the people, so he wants to write a strong chivalrous story.

He learned cultural knowledge, accepted new ideas and supported equality between men and women, so his story takes women as the protagonist.

Teenagers always like more like-minded peers of the same age, so Hong Feiying is only sixteen or seventeen.

Zhou Enlai during the Long March

Feifei is also a writer with good writing style and "ambition". "The Hero of Women" has a sophisticated style and a large stall.

If the novel can continue to be serialized, I am sure I can see more exciting plots and experience more of the author’s mental journey.

But the story ends here, and the author abandons the pit.

Zhou Enlai in 1936.

02

And then …

The heroine of women was serialized in the first and second issues of Dedication in October 1914 and April 1915, only two issues.

"Dedication" is the journal edited by Zhou Enlai when he was studying in Nankai School, which belongs to the "Dedication Club" of the community. Zhou Enlai published a lot of current affairs, comments, novels, poems, translations and so on under the signatures of Feifei, Yu Xiang and Enlai.

Zhou Enlai was admitted to Nankai School in 1913. When he entered the school, he put forward five requirements for himself: "Don’t waste time studying, studying, learning, making friends and time".

He is the "man of the hour" on campus, a super schoolmaster and the backbone of the community. He has a talent for literature and art, he can edit school journals, write novels, and even dress up as a woman and appear in plays many times.

He played Sun Huijuan in One Yuan Qian, Fan Huiniang in Qiu Auntie, and the incense burner in Fenjiu Yuan … all of them were cross-dressing, and every time they went on stage, they swept the audience.

Zhou Enlai (second from left) plays Fan Huiniang in "Aunt Qiu".

Zhou Enlai (first from right) plays the heroine Sun Huijuan in the new drama One Yuan Qian.

Zhou Enlai (sitting in the front row) took a group photo with teachers and classmates of Nankai School.

But he can’t study, play a drama or write a series with peace of mind, and be a pure famous scholar. 1915 was a year that made countless Chinese angry.

In January of that year, Japan submitted "Twenty-one Articles" to Yuan Shikai, which aroused public anger. In December, Yuan Shikai announced the overthrow of the Republic and the restoration of the monarchy. The country was in turmoil, and Zhou Enlai and his classmates were angry and anxious.

Instead of writing novels, he wrote "On How Difficult It is to Consolidate the Country" and issued a cry of national salvation: "I hope that the Chinese people will not fail."

He put more energy into his study. On June 26, 1917, he graduated from Nankai School with an average score of 89.72 as an excellent student with both arts and sciences.

After graduation, he went to Japan to study and wrote down the agreement that "I would like to meet when China takes off in the world".

In September 1919, Zhou Enlai became the first liberal arts student in Nankai University. During his study, he devoted his main energy to leading the patriotic student movement in Tianjin. In July 1919, he founded Tianjin Student Union Newspaper and served as editor-in-chief. In September, the organization founded the revolutionary group Enlightenment Society.

On September 16, 1919, Zhou Enlai (in the back row) took a group photo with members of the Enlightenment Society.

Around the May 4th Movement, with the spread of Marxism in China, a group of advanced China intellectuals, inspired by the victory of the October Revolution, went to the European continent to work and study, looking for a way to save the country.

In December 1920, Zhou Enlai went to France to work and study.

In 1921, he began to collect and write a lot of international news, and wrote a newsletter for Yishi Daily all night, commenting on international events. It was in that year that the Chinese Communist Party initiated the decision to set up a communist group in Paris, France. Five party member, Zhang Shenfu, Zhao Shiyan, Zhou Enlai, Liu Qingyang and Chen Gongpei, who were in France at that time, formed the early party organization-the Communist Group in France.

In May 1922, under the preparation of several people, China teenager communist party was founded. Zhao Shiyan is the secretary, Zhou Enlai is the propaganda committee member and Li Weihan is the organizing committee member.

In the spring of 1921, Zhou Enlai joined the Communist Party of China (CPC). This is him and party introducer Zhang Shenfu (first from the right) and Liu Qingyang in Wansai Lake in Berlin, with Zhao Guangchen on the left.

In 1922, Zhou Enlai was in Wansai Lake in Berlin.

It was here that Zhou Enlai established his belief in communism and became one of the earliest party member in the Communist Party of China (CPC).

In the autumn of 1924, he returned to the motherland; In 1927, he led the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers and drove away the Beiyang warlord troops stationed in Shanghai.

In the same year, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee at the First Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

With his initial ideal, he walked on the road of saving the country step by step, and gradually grew into the familiar "Zhou Enlai", shouldering an increasingly heavy burden for the rise of China.

When China finally rose and New China was founded, he finally became the beloved "Premier Zhou".

03

After a long time.

After the founding of New China, Zhou Enlai held several posts, and was busy with everything.

He never wrote chivalrous novels again, but he always kept the artists and artists in mind.

He protects the artists in China in his own way. When he learned that Cheng Yanqiu, a Peking Opera master who was over 50 years old, had not joined the Party, he personally acted as a party introducer for Cheng Yanqiu.

Cheng Yanqiu

When he heard that the painter Qi Baishi’s house was in disrepair, he immediately sent someone to repair it. Qi Baishi celebrated his 90th birthday, and he personally went to celebrate his birthday.

Zhou Enlai and Qi Baishi

Whenever there is an opportunity, he will meet people in the literary and art circles and talk about art and life with them. Once he met a group of actors and remembered that one of the actors’ children was ill, so he first asked the actor if the doll was ill, which moved the actor to tears almost on the spot.

Zhou Enlai meets Peking Opera master Zhang Chunqiu.

He cares about artists and tries his best to protect works of art. On the eve of the liberation of Ningbo, he specifically told that Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo must be protected, because it is the oldest private library in China.

Ningbo tianyige

He remembered the cultural relics lost overseas, instructed the establishment of a cultural relics acquisition team, and secretly acquired many national treasures. Wang Xianzhi’s Mid-Autumn Festival Post, Gu Hongzhong’s Han Xizai’s Night Banquet, such as Dong Yuan’s Xiaoxiang Map and Song Huizong’s Xianglong Stone Map, all returned to the embrace of the motherland.

Han xizai’s Night Banquet

He will even fuck over two trees. When Beijing built Metro Line 1, it was found that there were two ancient ginkgo trees left in the Yuan Dynasty at Yuquan Road. The relevant departments reported and Zhou Enlai gave instructions: modify the subway construction plan, extend the distance between Yuquan Road Station and Babaoshan Station subway, and preserve ancient trees.

Two silent lives have lived quietly until now.

The ancients said, "Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, carry forward the past and learn from the past, and make peace for all generations."

Throughout the ages, how many Chinese took this sentence as a high ideal of life, struggling for life and hoping to realize it.

And Zhou Enlai did it. He shed his blood and sweat with countless heroic ancestors for the new China.

Perhaps, the only thing he didn’t do in his life was to write down the beginning of the heroine, but then stop writing. What happened afterwards, there is no decomposition.

"The author went to save the Chinese nation, and the novel stopped indefinitely …"

However, perhaps, as netizens said, the end of the novel is "New China".

Guangdong Communist Youth League comprehensively organizes self-visual records, Xinhua Daily Telegraph, Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, China Youth Daily client, etc.

Visuals (ID：iiidaily, Weibo | @ Visuals; Doby Long, the author, records life in words, depicts life in photos, listens to your emotions every night, and accompanies you through spring, summer, autumn and winter. Please contact (ID: iiidaily) for authorization.

Original title: "The author went to save the Chinese nation, and the novel stopped indefinitely …" "

Read the original text

Stills of the movie August

For cinema movies, it is very bold. Under certain personal feelings, it is more bold and wild to use black and white tones, which is indeed a big challenge for ordinary audiences.

The whole black and white tone of August is more like a dream, a dream of compressing memory, which makes us feel that summer can be short or long. Many things in Xiao Lei’s eyes are not very clear but have some vague fragments, which is an ambiguous treatment of this time in August.

The whole film of "August" is presented in black and white tones, which is very common in many movies at home and abroad. Pema Tseden, the artistic director of this film, made a film in black and white last year, and Lv Songye, the photography director of August, was the photographer of Tallow.

And "Tallow" was released at the end of last year, which is also a word-of-mouth work with rare black and white tones in cinemas today. The whole film is very particular about the scene design, similar to the general anti-golden ratio composition, and the whole film is full of craftsmanship. Although black-and-white movies are a little small, there are many movies worth recommending.

> > > Here Xiao Dianjun brings you eight black-and-white movies.

The problem that is not a problem

Mei Feng, the "imperial screenwriter" directed by Lou Ye, is the first director, taking the adaptation of Lao She’s short story of the same name as his debut. The film won the "Best Artistic Contribution Award" at the Tokyo International Film Festival last year, and then won the Best Adapted Screenplay Award and Best Actor (Fan Wei) at the Golden Horse Award.

The exquisite black-and-white photography in the film, coupled with the long lens with fixed depth of field, the overall lens scheduling is very similar to Hou Xiaoxian’s style. Coincidentally, editing is also Hou Xiaoxian’s royal editor — — Ching-Song Liao. The way an actor enters and leaves a painting is very similar to the position of a Chinese actor in Hou Xiaoxian. In order to pursue the best depth-of-field effect, Mei Feng used China’s films in 1950s for reference, such as.

The film is expected to be released this summer. If you are in Beijing, you can see it in Beijing International Film Festival in advance ~

I am not Wang Mao

Compared with films such as "August" and "Tallow", which have won numerous awards, they have ignited among film critics and reached more audiences, and are relatively smaller. No one recommended it in the early stage, but it’s actually a real dark horse, and Wang Dazhi played a brilliant role in it, showing a diaosi image vividly.

It seems difficult to convince the director Zhao Xiaoxi’s works by looking at his previous film-making resume. But in this small-budget work, he definitely threw a big surprise bomb. On the surface, it is a film with anti-Japanese theme, but in fact, it uses black humor to describe the masses of that period.

The black-and-white picture of the film finally turns into color, and the recurring windmill is a very intentional image expression. By contrast, some people can only say that there are similar treatments, but what they want to express is still much worse.

"cheers! 》

Last year, he won the Best Photography Award in the main competition unit of Beijing International Film Festival, and earlier he won the Best Director Award at the Berlin International Film Festival. Director Dura is a member of the Romanian New Wave. Compared with other Romanian New Wave directors, Dura prefers to see the present from the history.

In the form of a black-and-white road film on horseback, it shows a beautiful picture of the Balkans. The director told an unknown fable through the excavation of historical materials. The story is short and concise, but it vividly shows all walks of life in Romania in the 18th century. The use of black and white tones has restored that dirty and beautiful black and white era.

"God can look after worms, but we can’t look after each other. Live as much as you can, not as much as you want." The director cleverly used movies to tell the real society in Romania.

Ollie’s happiest day

The story tells the story of a boxer’s success and failure. From the simple plot, it seems that he can immediately become a genre film model, making works similar to this traditional genre, or such inspirational and warm films, but in fact, he has completed the anti-genre and anti-climax.

The contrasting black-and-white images weakened Ollie’s charm from the beginning, even though everyone was expecting his achievements. But as an audience, from the beginning, you will know that he must fail in the end.

So, in the whole process of watching the movie, you just watched how the boxer failed, but suddenly, you began to join in love, as if boxing was no longer important, just like Ollie himself, but he was actually a boxer who didn’t care about boxing.

This film will also be shown in Beijing International Film Festival this year ~

Next Page: Other Surprise Movies

On April 28th, 2023, Zhejiang Province celebrated the "May 1st" International Labor Day and commended the advanced model workers in the main venue of the Great Hall of the People. Yu Xianghong, director of Ning Wu Power Supply Office of State Grid Dongyang Power Supply Company and captain of Red Boat Service Team, won the National May 1st Labor Medal in 2023 and the Zhejiang Model Worker.

Yu Xianghong has been deeply involved in the front line of electric power for 24 years. He has grown from a veteran to a talent expert of State Grid Corporation of China, led the team to obtain 9 national patents, insisted on "doing as much as possible to benefit the people", and worked hard in various aspects such as power supply, emergency and danger, and helping the poor, and became an example for cadres and employees to learn.

A few days ago, at the construction site of a project in Chengdong Street, Yu Xianghong was busy discussing the best maintenance plan with his colleagues. Different from the common power maintenance work, in order to ensure the normal production and life of nearby residents, this maintenance has realized the "zero perception of users" of power grid maintenance with the assistance of "generator cars". "This is one of the construction work of the’ global non-power outage’ demonstration zone that we are vigorously promoting at present." Yan Xianghong told reporters. In the early stage, he led the team to study and try many times, and now he can use relevant technologies to overcome problems.

Over the years, Yu Xianghong has studied hard and made great efforts to become an industry expert. He set up a live working class, which opened up a new situation for Dongyang’s uninterrupted operation. Complete the first "smart payment" pilot in the province, realize the reform of electricity payment mode, and provide a replicable promotion mode for the province; He has solved 87 technical problems, taught more than 580 class hours, and trained 1 goldsmith in Bawu, 2 model workers in provincial power company and 5 technical experts in Dongyang.

He rose to the occasion and became a retrograde hero. He is firmly at the forefront of serving the masses in the fight against ice disasters, typhoons, epidemics and the post-disaster reconstruction of brother units. Against the ice disaster in 2008, he led the "commando team" to fight for 20 days and nights in the mountain emergency repair site, lighting up the homes of more than 5,000 mountain residents in time; On the occasion of the ninth typhoon "Lichima" in 2019, he volunteered and led a team to Yuhuan, Taizhou to repair the first line, fighting for six days and nights in a row, successfully completing the typhoon rescue mission; At the beginning of the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, he stayed on duty for more than 20 consecutive days and nights from New Year’s Eve to ensure the power supply of important customers such as hospitals, and once entered the power distribution room only 20 meters away from the intensive care unit to eliminate faults.

He helped the disabled, practiced great love and became a pioneer of common wealth. Create a "happy humble abode" public welfare project to help the disabled, help 221 families in Zhejiang and Sichuan to improve their housing conditions, and win 9 honors at or above the provincial and ministerial levels, including 4 top 100 volunteer service projects nationwide; Extend seven public welfare sub-projects of "helping the elderly, helping the poor, helping students and empowering the wisdom" and absorb 12,215 social volunteers; He has won 9 honors at or above the provincial and ministerial level, such as Lei Feng, Zhejiang Moral Model, Zhejiang Model Veteran and State Grid Corporation Model Worker.

"I am a retired soldier and a Communist party member. In my lifetime, I want to do more things that are beneficial to society and ordinary people." This is Yu Xianghong, who used to carry a gun to defend his country, but now he is engaged in the power industry, fighting in the front line of serving the masses, and keeping party emblem on his chest glowing continuously.

Reporter | Hu Yuan, Dongyang Rong Media Center

Correspondent Lou Kelly

Original title: "National May 1st Labor Medal! Dongyang model worker → "

Author: On the road

On the evening of April 14th, the 42nd Hong Kong Film Awards ceremony was held at the Hong Kong Cultural Center, and various awards were announced on the spot. The Bitch Lawyer won the best film, Zheng Baorui won the best director for The Murder, and Yau Nai-hoi and Li Chunhui won the best screenwriter for The Murder.

Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Yu Xiangning won the Best Actor and Best Actress for the films Goldfinger and Under the Sun respectively, which is the sixth time that Tony Leung Chiu Wai has won the award. John Chiang, 76, won the Best Supporting Actor for Under the Sun, and Liang Yongting won the Best Supporting Actress for Under the Sun.

The final prize of the award ceremony that night was the best film award, and Wai Lun Ng’s The Bitch Lawyer (Hong Kong film title "Bitch") finally won this heavy prize.

The film makes people feel the charm of the script and lines, and feel the hearty after fairness and justice are upheld. It is the first Hong Kong-made film in history to break through 100 million yuan at the local box office in Hong Kong, and the mainland box office also has 187 million yuan, which is the most influential Hong Kong film in recent years. This award is well deserved.

However, the film won 10 nominations for this year’s Golden Awards, and finally only won one award for best film, which is quite regrettable.

Tony Leung Chiu Wai won six Best Actors and Golden Finger won six awards.

In contrast, Goldfinger is very lucky. The film won 12 nominations. At the award ceremony last night, it finally won six awards, including Best Actor and Best Photography, and became the biggest winner of this year’s Academy Awards. The Diary of Youth, which also received 12 nominations, finally won only one award for best new director.

It is worth mentioning that Tony Leung Chiu Wai won the Best Actor with Golden Finger, which is the sixth time that he won the Hong Kong Film Awards as the best actor, and became the actor who won the most awards. The previous five winners were:

The 24th edition of 2046 (2005), 22nd edition of Infernal Affairs (2003), 20th edition of In the Mood for Love (2001), 17th edition of Spring Breeze (1998) and 14th edition of Chongqing Forest (1995).

"Murder" won the director’s screenplay award, and "Under the Sun" won 3 awards.

"Under the Sun" and "Murder" are also winners of this year’s Academy Awards. "Under the Sun" won the best actress, best supporting actor and best supporting actress awards.

Yu Xiangning, a young Hong Kong actress, won the best actress for the first time for her outstanding performance in the film Under the Sun. In an interview with China News Service, she expressed her heartfelt thanks for the support of many predecessors in the film industry along the way, and hoped that the new generation of filmmakers could work together with their predecessors to do a good job in Hong Kong films.

John Chiang, a 76-year-old veteran actor, won the best supporting actor for the first time with the film Under the Sun. He said excitedly: "I have only done one job in my life, that is, being a filmmaker. The movie gave me everything, my family, my job and my friends. If there is an afterlife, I hope to continue to be a filmmaker. "

Liang Yongting, who also performed brilliantly in Under the Sun, won the best supporting actress. Xie Yongxin won the Best New Actor Award for "I Wish People Long Live".

Zheng Baorui won the best director for Murder, and Yau Nai-hoi and Li Chunhui won the best screenwriter for Murder. Taiwan Province’s film "Eliminating Three Harms in Zhou Chu" won the best Asian Chinese film.

Sammo Hung, who has been in the Hong Kong film industry for more than 60 years, was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award. In his acceptance speech, he said: "It is really lucky for a person to be in the same industry for more than 60 years."

■ Complete winners list of the 42nd Hong Kong Film Awards.

Best film: The Bitch Lawyer

Best Director: Zheng Baorui (Murder)

Best Actor: Tony Leung Chiu Wai (Goldfinger)

Best Actress: Yu Xiangning (Under the Sun)

Best Supporting Actor: John Chiang (Under the Sun)

Best Supporting Actress: Liang Yongting (Under the Sun)

Best Asian Chinese Film: Eliminating Three Harms in Zhou Chu

Best Screenplay: Yau Nai-hoi and Li Chunhui (Murder Case)

Best new actor: Xie Yongxin ("I wish people long")

Best new director: Zhuo Yiqian (Diary of Youth)

Best editing: Allen Leung, David Richardson (Murder)

Best Action Design: Wai Tung (Burst Point)

Best sound effect: Nopawat Likitwong (Goldfinger)

Best visual effects: Huang Zhi-wei and Zhiheng Pan (Golden Finger)

Best production designer: Lin Ziqiao (Goldfinger)

Best Fashion Design: Man Lim Chung (Goldfinger)

Best Photography: Anthony Pun (Goldfinger)

Best Original Movie Song: Soul of Lyrics (Lyrics L)

Best Original Movie Music: Teddy Robin and Wei Dai ("Four Beats and Four Families")

　　As a big northern province, Shandong’s economic development once led the whole country. In recent years, the conversion of old and new kinetic energy in Shandong has led to insufficient economic development momentum.

　　In terms of economic aggregate, the gap between Shandong and Guangdong has expanded from 586 billion in 2008 to 1.72 trillion in 2017; The gap with Jiangsu has expanded from 5 billion to 1.32 trillion. In 2018, the gap between Shandong and these two provinces has expanded to more than 2 trillion and 16 trillion — — The gap has been widening.

　　At the cadre mobilization meeting at the beginning of this year, Liu Jiayi, secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee, laid down rules for leading cadres at all levels in Shandong: the number of meetings at all levels in the province should be reduced by more than one third this year; Leading cadres at or above the deputy provincial level shall conduct research at the grassroots level for not less than 2 months every year; Boldly use "Li Yunlong style" cadres … …

　　On July 21st this year, a delegation of Shandong Party and Government led by the Secretary of Shandong Provincial Party Committee and Governor went to Beijing, Hebei and Shanghai to study. Last year, they led a team to study in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong.

　　It is a good thing that Shandong has a sense of anxiety and crisis, and the future Shandong is worth looking forward to.

　　In April 2017, when Premier Li Keqiang visited Shandong, he pointed out that Shandong should play a key role in the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, and Shandong Province officially launched a major pilot project for the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, and made many useful explorations.

　　Specific practices and development results

　　(A) a clear new pattern of development, and guide the intensive concentration of factor resources.

　　Established the new and old kinetic energy conversion pattern of "three cores leading and province-wide coordination".

　　"Three Nuclei Leading": Relying on the existing national new districts, parks and supporting reform pilot zones in Jinan, Qingdao and Yantai, we will coordinate the industrial base, innovation ability, factor resources and development potential of the three places, take the lead in achieving breakthroughs in the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, and build the main engine for the conversion of old and new kinetic energy.

　　"Province-wide collaboration": Jinan and Qingdao have been strengthened in their radiation-driven capabilities, and a number of demonstration areas have been planned and built in 17 cities in the province, focusing on key areas such as innovation and entrepreneurship, intelligent manufacturing, marine economy, modern agriculture and integration of defense and civilian technologies, so as to create new and old kinetic energy to accelerate the transformation of power sources.

　　(2) Strengthen efforts to concentrate on the real economy and accelerate the continuous transformation of old and new kinetic energy.

　　Focus on new technologies, new industries, new formats and new models, accelerate the resolution of excess capacity, and promote the transformation of traditional industries and the accelerated rise of emerging industries.

　　First, effectively resolve excess capacity. "One enterprise, one policy" to formulate plans, focusing on steel, coal, electrolytic aluminum, thermal power, building materials and other industries to resolve excess capacity. Promote the optimization and upgrading of steel production capacity and guide steel enterprises to develop high-end steel products such as high-speed rail, nuclear power and ships. Focus on guiding the orderly withdrawal of coal mine production capacity with insecurity, exhausted resources, poor occurrence conditions, heavy environmental pollution, long-term losses and inefficiency. Clean up and rectify the illegal construction and blind new projects in the electrolytic aluminum industry, adopt the alternative shutdown method to retain high-end production capacity and equipment, and guide enterprises to standardize and develop healthily. Promote the reduction of production in thermal power, building materials and other industries, and strictly control new production capacity. Accelerate the elimination of low-speed electric vehicle production capacity, strictly control the illegal production and illegal use of low-speed electric vehicles, and prevent the low-level blind development of the new energy automobile industry. By the end of November 2017, the province’s coal production and crude steel and pig iron reduction have achieved 35.8%, 53.1% and 45.9% of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", effectively vacating the environmental capacity and market space.

　　The second is to promote the improvement of quality and efficiency of traditional industries. With the goal of improving quality and competitiveness, we will use new technologies and new formats to transform and upgrade traditional industries with two advantages: agriculture and chemical industry.

　　Deepen the structural reform of agricultural supply side. Accelerate the development of "new six production" in agriculture and promote the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. With enterprises as the main body, we will further promote the "Bohai Granary" science and technology demonstration project and the agricultural seed project with the model of "joint construction of the core area, demonstration area and science and technology park" to create a three-dimensional, industrialized and ecological recycling modern agricultural innovation highland. We will speed up the construction of a demonstration province for the quality and safety of exported food and agricultural products, a national agricultural high-tech industrial demonstration zone in the Yellow River Delta, and a comprehensive experimental zone for agricultural open development in Weifang, so as to enhance the demonstration effect. In the first three quarters of 2017, the added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services in the province increased by 11.3% year-on-year, which was 3.8 percentage points higher than GDP3.8

　　Promote the development of high-end chemical industry. Build a national industrial base, gather factor resources, and solve the problems of insufficient high-end, excessive low-end and low added value of petrochemical industry. Develop new coal chemical industry, promote the extension of existing primary products to downstream products, fine chemical products and new chemical materials, and form an industrial chain with fertilizer, fine chemical products, synthetic materials, clean energy and deep processing of coking products as the mainstay. We will build a national demonstration center for coal chemical technology research and development and industrialization, focusing on breakthroughs in coal-based carbon materials, coal-water slurry gasification, and ultra-clean coal utilization technologies to provide a demonstration for the development of the national coal chemical industry.

　　Accelerate the intelligent transformation of traditional manufacturing industry, and extend the industrial chain to the direction of high added value, green and low carbon. Improve the quality of service industry and meet the demand of consumption upgrading. In the first three quarters of 2017, the non-ferrous metal alloy manufacturing industry increased by 54.8%; The online retail sales of physical goods was 31.33 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 41.3%, and the growth rate was 33.3 percentage points higher than that of units above designated size; Cross-border electronic commerce’s import and export reached 1.45 billion yuan, up 7.4 times year-on-year, of which 970 million yuan was exported, up 4.6 times year-on-year.

　　The third is to develop emerging industries. Focus on high-end equipment manufacturing, information industry, new energy materials and marine economy, and actively cultivate new kinetic energy. 1— 2017; In October, the added value of high-tech industry and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 10.3% and 10.4% respectively, which was 3.3 and 3.4 percentage points higher than that of industries above designated size, among which the main business income of new materials industry accounted for nearly 1/4 of the national proportion, and the carbon fiber output ranked second in the country. The output of new products such as industrial robots, photovoltaic cells, urban rail vehicles and new energy vehicles increased by 22.5%, 55.6%, 102.4% and 310.5% respectively. Qingdao has become the largest rail transit manufacturing base in China, with the motor train production accounting for 65% of the national operating EMUs, and the urban rail subway accounting for 25% of the national share.

　　(3) Strengthen the construction of innovative and entrepreneurial carriers and enhance the transformation power.

　　Take Shandong Peninsula National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone as the main body, optimize the environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, and accelerate the construction of innovative provinces.

　　First, build a major scientific and technological innovation platform at a high level. A number of national-level major scientific and technological innovation platforms, such as Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, National High-speed Train Technology Innovation Center, and National Inspection and Testing Innovation Center, have been built with strong concentration of innovative elements, high degree of interdisciplinary cross-border integration and strong role in supporting industrial transformation and upgrading. By the end of November 2017, there were 179 national enterprise technology centers and 56 national local joint engineering laboratories, ranking first and second in the country respectively. Actively carry out strategic cooperation with China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Engineering and relevant famous universities and scientific research units, and build a number of industrial technology research institutes, industrial technology research institutes and other new research and development institutions, achievement transfer and transformation bases and science and education integration bases.

　　The second is to strengthen the dominant position of enterprise innovation. Actively guide all kinds of innovative elements to gather in enterprises. Pay attention to cultivating innovative leading enterprises, implement the top 100 innovative projects and the cultivation plan for high-tech enterprises, encourage enterprises to independently build scientific and technological innovation platforms, cooperate in building industrial innovation centers, technological innovation centers and industrial technological innovation alliances, and give key support to enterprises approved to build national laboratories, national engineering research centers, industrial innovation centers, manufacturing innovation centers and national technological innovation centers. Improve the assessment mechanism of scientific and technological innovation of state-owned enterprises, stimulate the innovation vitality of state-owned enterprises, encourage enterprises to take the lead in building industrial (technological) innovation alliances, support large enterprises to open up supply chain resources and market channels, and carry out internal innovation and entrepreneurship. Improve the innovation support system for small scientific and technological enterprises, and encourage technical information, technology development, market development and independent brand building.

　　The third is to optimize the ecological environment for innovation and entrepreneurship. Promote the transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship incubators from comprehensive incubation to professional orientation incubation, and form industry organizations such as incubator alliances to provide all-round, multi-level and diversified one-stop services. Implement pre-incubation mechanisms such as entrepreneurship college, entrepreneurship through train and virtual registration, and improve the "nursery — Incubator — Accelerator "scientific and technological innovation incubation chain. Accelerate the construction of creative space, and focus on cultivating new forms of innovation and entrepreneurship represented by maker space, entrepreneurial coffee, online innovation factory, academician pioneer park, doctor pioneer park and farmer pioneer park. By the end of June 2017, 148 science and technology incubators at or above the provincial level and 293 record creation spaces had been built, providing business incubation services such as office space, business counseling and R&D platform for 17,680 entrepreneurial enterprises and teams.

　　Create a carrier for regional innovation and development. Support Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai and Jining to build national innovative cities. We will build a national dual-innovation demonstration base and a national small and micro enterprise entrepreneurship innovation demonstration base. By the end of November 2017, 13 national dual-innovation demonstration bases and 15 national small and micro enterprise entrepreneurship innovation bases have been approved, with 476,000 R&D personnel, ranking fourth in the country.

　　(D) deepening reform to fully stimulate market vitality and social creativity.

　　First, accelerate the reform of mixed ownership. In December 2015, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Shandong Province launched a pilot project of mixed reform of 58 enterprises, which was promoted in accordance with the principle of "two priorities" and formulated a specific mixed reform plan according to the actual situation of enterprises and one enterprise and one policy. By the end of March 2017, 58 pilot enterprises had all made clear their reform plans, and 12 of them basically completed the mixed reform work. All 58 enterprises have designed a standardized corporate governance system in accordance with laws and regulations. Enterprises that have completed the mixed reform have generally built a "three meetings and one floor" corporate governance institution, and their operational efficiency has generally improved.

　　The second is to innovate the investment and financing mechanism. Accelerate the establishment of Shandong Province’s new and old kinetic energy conversion investment fund and transformation and upgrading strategic development fund. Relying on the capital of state-owned enterprises, we will set up a comprehensive investment and financing platform, carry out market-oriented capital operation, and focus on providing investment and financing support for major strategic and policy tasks in the province.

　　Main experience

　　(1) Two-wheel drive

　　The new and old kinetic energy realizes smooth connection and synergy. On the one hand, actively cultivate new kinetic energy for development. Based on the provincial conditions, focusing on high-end equipment manufacturing, information industry, new energy materials, marine economy, etc., we will actively build a cluster of emerging industries and accelerate the formation of new kinetic energy. On the other hand, accelerate the transformation and upgrade the traditional kinetic energy. Through new technologies, new industries, new formats and new models, we will promote the transformation of traditional industries and form new kinetic energy to support economic development.

　　(2) Market dominance

　　Strictly restrict the government’s direct allocation of resources, interfere with microeconomic authority, introduce market mechanism and marketization means, innovate the allocation mechanism of factor market, and improve the efficiency of resource allocation and total factor productivity. At the same time, we will strengthen top-level design, system planning and collaborative promotion, and build a policy system and institutional environment to promote the accelerated growth of new kinetic energy and the transformation and upgrading of traditional kinetic energy.

　　(3) Classified policies

　　First, according to the actual situation of enterprises, one enterprise and one policy make plans. For example, under the framework of the mixed reform system, 58 provincial-level and important ownership enterprises were selected for a large-scale pilot project, and the SASAC only put on record and did not approve it, and let go of the first-level enterprises as the main research plan to implement the mixed reform. The second is to introduce support policies for specific industries. For example, in order to accelerate the development of rail transit equipment industry, the Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Rail Transit Equipment Industry (Lu Zhengban Zi [2017] No.12) was issued to accelerate the construction of a strong province for rail transit equipment manufacturing. In order to accelerate the development of marine economy, build a strong marine economy with international competitiveness, focus on optimizing the marine industrial structure, improve the ability of marine scientific and technological innovation, expand the level of open cooperation, and formulate a special plan for marine economic development.

　　Challenges faced by Shandong in promoting the conversion of old and new kinetic energy

　　(A) the transformation and upgrading of traditional kinetic energy has a long way to go.

　　The advantage of traditional kinetic energy is weakening, but new kinetic energy has not yet become the dominant force. At present, there are still "two 70%" phenomena in Shandong’s economy, that is, traditional industries account for about 70% of the industry, and heavy chemical industries account for about 70% of the traditional industries. In 2016, enterprises above designated size in the seven traditional industries of machinery, chemical industry, textile and clothing, light industry, metallurgy, building materials and medicine in the province realized the main business income of 12.8 trillion yuan, accounting for 85.3% of the industrial income above designated size. Taking the top 100 private enterprises as an example, the operating income of the top ten industries dominated by traditional industries accounted for 82.6% of the operating income of the top 100 private enterprises in the province. The automobile manufacturing industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry accounted for 1.1% and 2.2% respectively, while the computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries accounted for only 0.6%.

　　(B) The competitiveness of emerging industries needs to be improved.

　　In 2016, the proportion of strategic emerging industries in GDP in Shandong Province was 2 percentage points lower than the national average; The main business income of the information industry is 1.42 trillion yuan, accounting for less than 10% of the industry; Among the top 50 big data enterprises in China, there is only one in Shandong Province. The efficiency of resource allocation in emerging industries on a global scale still needs to be enhanced.

　　(C) lack of motivation for the reform of state-owned enterprises

　　First, the labor cost is too high. Some state-owned enterprises have some problems, such as low marketization of employment compensation, many management levels, many institutions and redundant staff. From 2010 to 2016, the labor cost of provincial state-owned enterprises increased by about 5.5 billion yuan annually, with an average annual growth rate of about 10%. In 2016, the labor cost of provincial state-owned enterprises reached 78 billion yuan, which was 3.7 times of the total profit of enterprises. The labor cost of state-owned enterprises accounted for 10% of the total cost, while the profit rate of labor cost of provincial state-owned enterprises was less than 30%.

　　Second, the reform of mixed ownership needs to be deepened. The scale of state-owned enterprises in Shandong Province is large, and the proportion of traditional fields is high. In addition, the reform started late and the pace is slow, and the implementation of the existing mixed reform plan needs to be strengthened.

　　(D) The ability to promote regional coordinated development with urban agglomerations as the main body still needs to be enhanced.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress proposed to "optimize and upgrade the eastern urban agglomeration". At this stage, compared with the national urban agglomerations such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and Zhongyuan, the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration lacks the leadership of central cities. The construction of a comprehensive experimental zone for the conversion of new and old kinetic energy of Pan-Ji Qingyan needs to be effectively promoted. The slow progress of collaborative development among cities such as Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai and Weihai has restricted the overall development of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration and is not conducive to the overall promotion of the conversion of new and old kinetic energy in the whole province.

　　Relevant policy suggestions

　　(1) Improve the government’s service capacity and further release new development momentum.

　　The first is to improve the efficiency of government services. Continue to deepen the reform in streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services, expand the scope of the pilot reform of "separation of licenses" and fully implement "integration of multiple licenses". We will promote the pilot project of shifting the focus of power and responsibility in emerging economies, and explore the decentralization or entrustment of provincial administrative power matters that are conducive to accelerating the transformation of kinetic energy in project construction, industrial and commercial registration, education, medical care, and old-age care. The second is to create a standardized and orderly market environment. Accelerate the construction of a regulatory system with clear rights and responsibilities, fairness and justice, and tolerance and innovation. Promote fair supervision, accelerate the expansion of the coverage of "double random and one open", and achieve full coverage of all inspection items of relevant government departments and market entities.

　　(2) Strengthen the guidance of central cities and promote the coordinated development of Shandong Peninsula.

　　Support Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration to build a national central city, enhance the radiation-driven capacity of central cities, optimize resource allocation in a wider scope, improve the level of industrial development division and cooperation among regional cities, enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration, accelerate the formation of an important driving force to support the transformation and development of old and new kinetic energy in Shandong, and help the northern region accelerate the transformation and development.

　　(C) Efficient allocation of essential resources to create new advantages in opening up.

　　In-depth implementation of all-round and high-level opening up and optimization of resource allocation on a global scale.

　　The first is to improve the level of participation in the construction of the "Belt and Road". Strengthen the strategic fulcrum role of maritime cooperation such as Qingdao, Yantai and Rizhao, promote the interconnection between coastal port cities and the port cities of the Maritime Silk Road, deepen the capacity cooperation of countries along the Belt and Road, and promote the development of superior equipment, technology, standards and services by building a number of two-way cooperative industrial parks such as the Eurasian Economic and Trade Cooperation Industrial Park.

　　The second is to build a strategic highland for cooperation and development in Northeast Asia. Based on the construction of China-Japan-Korea Qingdao Innovation Industrial Park, China-Korea Yantai Industrial Park and Weihai China-Korea Free Trade Area Cooperation Demonstration Zone, we will leverage the East Asia maritime cooperation platform to innovate the Northeast Asia economic and trade cooperation model and promote the establishment of China-Japan-Korea local economic cooperation demonstration zone.

　　The third is to shape new advantages in foreign economic development. Actively promote foreign economic and trade exchanges by using the exhibition platform. Promote Qingdao to build an international consumption center city. Make use of Yantai’s own advantages to accelerate the establishment of a national service outsourcing demonstration city.

　　The fourth is to innovate the regional open cooperation model. Actively integrate into the national strategy of coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, take the initiative to undertake the function relief of Beijing’s non-capital and the industrial transfer of Beijing and Tianjin, actively dock the construction of xiong’an new area, and support the Yellow River Delta to give full play to its land advantages and develop an "enclave economy". Strengthen the cooperation around Bohai Sea and prosper the economy in the Bay Area.

　　(Author Yang Xiaodong is a researcher at the Institute of Public Administration and Human Resources of the State Council Development Research Center)