A picture of women’s history, half of Chinese history. Gu Kaizhi, an outstanding painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, copied the Tang Dynasty’s "Illustration of Women’s History", which is the earliest existing silk painting of China in the world, and is known as the "open picture" of China’s art history. It is Qiu Jinxian, a senior restorer of the British Museum, who has made this treasure of the town hall "see the light of day". She is regarded as the first person in the industry to bring the restoration technology of China ancient paintings into Europe.

　　Since 1980s, she has come to the British Museum to engage in the restoration and protection of China’s ancient paintings. In 1994, the hirayama ikuo Oriental Painting and Calligraphy Restoration Room of the Cultural Protection Department of the British Museum was officially opened. Qiu Jinxian worked with her students and colleagues here to save more China ancient paintings and prolong the life of cultural relics by using exquisite China traditional skills. Up to now, 300 or 400 pieces of China ancient paintings have been restored to their former glory, and people who walk into the museum feel the Chinese culture hidden in the works of art..

　　Over the past 30 years, Qiu Jinxian has taught four overseas students. Among them, Ms. valentina Marabini and Ms. Carole Weiss have been following her for the longest time. They have been learning and feeling the charm of "grinding a sword for ten years" behind the restoration of ancient paintings in China, and they are engaged in this profession that requires time precipitation, experience accumulation and patience. Valentina loved Far East art since he was a child. He was trained in the protection and restoration of cultural relics in the Louvre Museum. Carol was influenced by her grandfather, who was a bookbinder, and began to pursue her interest in the protection of paper cultural relics when she was in college. In this interview with People’s Daily Online, Ms. valentina and Ms. Carol discussed with us their exploration of ancient art in China, shared their mental journey of deeply understanding China culture and their daily work in dealing with cultural relics, and showed everyone the awe of cultural relics restorers.

　　Valentina Marabini, Carole Weiss and Teacher Qiu Jinxian. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　Devote oneself to study art and specialize in the restoration of China ancient paintings

　　For valentina and Carol, who grew up in the west, the oriental culture is mysterious and far away, so it is very challenging to choose to engage in the restoration and protection of cultural relics in China. In the interview, valentina showed her dream of getting close to China’s scroll painting. She said that before entering the British Museum, she had no chance to get in touch with China’s works of art, and even if she studied cultural relics protection in Italy, she rarely had access to knowledge related to Asian painting. The appearance of teacher Qiu Jinxian really started her study on the protection technology of ancient paintings in China. Learning the restoration techniques of China’s ancient paintings is by no means an overnight achievement. Due to the huge cultural differences between the East and the West, at first, valentina didn’t understand the restoration methods of China’s ancient paintings. After the example of Qiu Jinxian and the daily training of basic skills, the daily work began to be smoother.

　　It often takes a long time to restore a work, and this kind of striving for perfection and serious work attitude is extremely precious. Apart from exercising basic skills, Qiu Jinxian particularly emphasized the importance of western cultural relics restorers understanding the history of China and the language of China. Valentina mentioned in sharing her working life in hirayama ikuo Oriental Painting and Calligraphy Restoration Room that all the materials used in the restoration of Gu Shuhua in China need to inherit the traditional restoration skills handed down from generation to generation by teachers. Therefore, it is very important to deeply understand the culture and history of China’s cultural relics and highly respect the traditions and protection methods of China. Through years of study, valentina is not only very familiar with China’s art and cultural traditions, but also can clearly make simple expressions in Chinese. She said, "When repairing these ancient China paintings, we must maintain all their features and craftsmanship. This is why as a new generation of cultural relics restoration workers, we have the responsibility to continue this tradition. "

　　When talking about the mounting and restoration of China’s scroll paintings, Carol also talked about the great differences between the restoration methods of the East and the West. In the west, the restoration of Gu Shuhua needs to minimize the interference with goods, mainly in maintaining. However, in the restoration of China scroll, intervention is needed. This requires intensive training and rich experience of prosthodontists to ensure the safety of this intervention method.

　　Valentina Marabini. Pan Geng photo

　　Further study in Shanghai promotes cross-cultural understanding.

　　Overseas people studying the restoration of cultural relics in China can greatly promote the understanding and appreciation across eastern and western cultures. In 2014, under the leadership of teacher Qiu Jinxian, and with the cooperation of valentina and Carol, the Picture of Women’s History was restored and re-presented to the audience. This is an influential large-scale secondary restoration project, which has witnessed the strength of international cooperation. Before re-displaying this masterpiece, the studio held a symposium, which brought together experts and reel restorers from China and other parts of the world to discuss various restoration possibilities and schemes, and listened to different opinions on how to deal with these paintings.

　　Carol believes that through such open communication activities, different dialogues are held and different restoration methods are discussed, so that she can understand the oriental culture as a whole, see the value of each method, and judge the best restoration method for each painting, so that each ancient painting can have the best presentation. Valentina also said that it is very necessary to keep close relations with many Asian institutions and other foreign museums of Asian art countries, learn from each other’s strong points through cooperation, brainstorming, meetings and talent exchange, and find a solution to how to protect ancient paintings in the future, which is also a very effective way to strengthen the protection of cultural relics in China.

　　Carole Weiss. Pan Geng photo

　　Based on the cooperation between the British Museum and the Shanghai Museum, valentina and Carol also got the opportunity to work in China. During this period, they not only experienced the culture and life of China personally, but also improved their Chinese language level and understanding. They also received more professional guidance from China restorers, and further improved their restoration skills of China ancient paintings. They also fully understood the importance of maintaining the authenticity and principles of China’s paintings, and felt the importance of understanding the philosophy behind them.

　　They all hope that in the future, China ancient painting restorers at home and abroad can continue the authenticity of the restoration methods, adhere to the principles behind them and maintain the highest preservation standards, so as to further promote the protection and restoration of cultural heritage.

Open a new chapter in the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources
-The person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs interprets the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Resources.

On February 11th, the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Resources (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions") was officially issued. The person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs was interviewed by the reporter and interpreted the background significance, new requirements and how to implement the Opinions.

Q: What role has agricultural germplasm resources played in ensuring food security, supplying agricultural products and promoting social and economic development? What is the current situation of protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources in China?

A:Agricultural germplasm resources such as crops, livestock and poultry, aquatic products and agricultural microorganisms are the basis of new variety breeding, the carrier of genetic information from the previous generation to the next generation, and one of the indispensable and important resources for human survival. China’s agriculture has a long history and is rich in germplasm resources, which are the most important agricultural heritage in China and even in the world. Since the founding of New China, agricultural germplasm resources have been effectively developed and utilized, agricultural varieties have been constantly introduced, agricultural science and technology have been continuously improved, and grain yield has hit record highs. The role of agricultural germplasm resources is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the basic role of ensuring national food security. China’s grain yield increased by 4.6 times compared with 1949, and the output of livestock, poultry and aquatic products ranked first in the world for a long time, mainly due to the continuous upgrading of varieties. The successful cultivation and popularization of breakthrough varieties all came from the excavation and utilization of excellent germplasm resources. The second is the source function of agricultural science and technology innovation. Throughout the history of agriculture at home and abroad, every breakthrough of green revolution stems from the exploration and utilization of germplasm resources. China’s Meishan pig and other local breeds have made great contributions to the overall improvement of global pig reproductive performance, and the excavation and utilization of Wenchang chicken, Qingyuan Ma chicken and other local breeds have given birth to China’s unique yellow-feather broiler industry. At present, the contribution rate of improved varieties in China’s agricultural production increase is over 45%. The third is to inherit the carrier role of Chinese farming civilization. The development history of human society is also a history of inheritance of farming civilization. The Chinese nation has discovered, domesticated and cultivated a large number of agricultural germplasm resources, which are alive, alive and sustainable.It has played an irreplaceable role in inheriting Chinese farming civilization and promoting the development of human society.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources in China has achieved positive results. First, the total resources continue to increase. China’s long-term preservation of more than 510,000 crop resources, more than 560 local species of livestock and poultry, nearly 20,000 aquatic germplasm resources and more than 230,000 microbial resources ranks among the top in the world. In 2015, the country launched the third national survey and collection of agricultural germplasm resources, and collected more than 52,000 new resources. The second is the initial construction of the protection system. Gradually established a long-term bank, medium-term bank, seed conservation field, protected area and gene bank, and a national and provincial agricultural germplasm resources protection system; The construction of a new national crop germplasm bank was fully launched. Third, the development and utilization have achieved remarkable results. Through the appraisal, exploration and creation of germplasm resources, a large number of breakthrough new varieties have been cultivated and popularized. In China, independent varieties of crops account for more than 95%, and the rate of core species of livestock and poultry is more than 70%. Aquatic and agricultural microbial products are mainly independent varieties and resources. A number of ancient local varieties such as Tianjin Xiaozhan Rice and Zhejiang Jinhua Pig have played an important role in promoting the development of regional characteristic industries, building characteristic brands and helping rural revitalization. According to incomplete statistics, in the past five years, through the identification, evaluation and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, more than 12 national science and technology awards have been supported, and the annual economic benefits have increased by more than 20 billion yuan.

Although China is a big country in germplasm resources, it is not a strong country in germplasm resources. In recent years, the challenges faced by China’s agricultural germplasm resources are becoming more and more severe, and the urgency of strengthening protection and utilization is becoming more and more intense. First, the risk of resource disappearance has intensified. The species and quantity of agricultural germplasm resources under natural ecology have decreased significantly, the speed of disappearance of wild relatives of crops in convenient transportation areas has accelerated, and the number of some local breeds of livestock and poultry and wild aquatic biological resources in coastal waters and river basins has shown a downward trend, which is in urgent need of rescue protection. Second, insufficient development and utilization. Less than 10% of agricultural germplasm resources have been accurately identified by phenotype and genotype, and most of them have not been developed and utilized, and most of them have remained in the primary stage, and resource advantages have not been effectively transformed into industrial advantages. Third, the protection system and supporting policies are not perfect. The national overall planning and graded responsibility protection system has not yet been established, the cost of resource protection continues to increase, and the motivation of protection subjects is insufficient; The treatment of scientific and technical personnel in germplasm resources protection is low, the promotion of professional titles is difficult, the loss is serious and the team is unstable.

Q: In recent years, China has issued some documents on the development of modern seed industry. Compared with previous documents, what are the new requirements in the Opinions?

A:In recent years, the State Council has issued a series of policy documents to support the development of modern seed industry, which has effectively strengthened the status of seed industry as a national basic and strategic core industry. The Opinions is the first important document focusing on the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources since the founding of New China, which has opened a new chapter in the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources. It should be said that it is a historic and programmatic document that manages both the present and the long-term, and has a milestone significance.

First, the "four firsts" have been achieved. First, the basic, public welfare, strategic and long-term orientation of agricultural germplasm resources protection was defined for the first time. Second, the basic principles of protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources with protection priority, government-led, diversified participation and efficient utilization were defined for the first time. Third, for the first time, the main body of responsibility was defined, namely, the management responsibility of the competent department, the territorial responsibility of the municipal and county governments and the main responsibility of the agricultural germplasm resources protection unit. Fourth, it is clear for the first time that agricultural germplasm resources should be managed at the national and provincial levels, and a national overall planning, graded responsibility and organic connection protection mechanism should be established.

Second, the "four core tasks" have been established. First, by carrying out systematic collection and protection, we can realize all the insurance that should be guaranteed. The second is to strengthen the identification and evaluation by building a platform for identification and evaluation of germplasm resources and gene mining, and establishing an identification and evaluation system. The third is to improve the protection system by innovating the protection mechanism, determining the protection units, registering agricultural germplasm resources, and building a unified national big data platform for agricultural germplasm resources. The fourth is to promote diversified development and utilization by implementing the creation and application of excellent germplasm resources and establishing a national trading platform for sharing and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources.

Third, the "four policies with high gold content" were introduced. In the aspect of talent team construction, it is proposed that the performance salary of scientific and technological personnel for germplasm resources protection should be appropriately tilted, and indirect funds can be extracted from projects allowed by the policy; Peer evaluation of scientific and technical personnel for germplasm resources protection, and basic work such as collection, protection, appraisal and evaluation can be used as the basis for professional title evaluation; In terms of land use management, local governments are required to reasonably arrange the land for germplasm resource banks (nurseries, farms and districts), and are not allowed to delimit prohibited areas without authorization or beyond the scope. In terms of financial security, it is stipulated that the relevant departments of the central and local governments can co-ordinate support for resource protection through existing funding channels; Support should also be increased for modern seed industry upgrading projects, national key research and development plans, and major national science and technology projects. In terms of incentive mechanism, units and individuals who have made outstanding contributions are clearly commended and rewarded.

Fourth, it puts forward "four aspects of higher standard requirements". The "Opinions" stipulate that the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources should be included in the relevant government work assessment; Audit institutions shall supervise the implementation of policies through auditing according to law; If serious consequences such as resource loss and extinction are caused, the relevant units and personnel shall be investigated for responsibility according to laws and regulations; The relevant units supported by public finance should implement the mechanism of the achievements and information exchange of germplasm resources research projects under the supervision of the agricultural germplasm resources management department.

Q: At present, the protection of germplasm resources mainly depends on governments at all levels, relevant departments and scientific research institutions. How can we mobilize all social forces and let more farmers and social organizations participate in resource protection?

A:The protection of agricultural germplasm resources is a systematic project, involving many departments and subjects, which requires the extensive participation and support of the whole society. Many ancient local varieties and characteristic resources are protected and continued in the front and back of people’s houses, fields and deep forests. Some local species are as endangered and rare as giant pandas. It is necessary to involve more farmers and social organizations in resource protection. Next, we will do a good job in four aspects.

The first is to raise public awareness. Vigorously carry out popular science propaganda and science education, make full use of the internet, newspapers, television, radio and other media, and carry out video exhibitions and lectures and other activities through a series of scientific and educational films, newspapers, magazines and popular science books, so as to guide social groups and grassroots people to care, support and participate in this work.

The second is to encourage public participation. In the process of general survey and collection of agricultural germplasm resources, we should simultaneously carry out the investigation, collection, collation and protection of relevant traditional knowledge, encourage enterprises and social organizations to undertake the task of protecting agricultural germplasm resources, encourage and support individuals, social organizations and enterprises to register their preserved agricultural germplasm resources, and issue appraisal certificates to the resources that have not been collected and preserved in national resource banks (fields, districts and nurseries), thus forming a good atmosphere for resource protection. At the same time, accelerate the establishment of an commendation and reward mechanism for the protection of agricultural germplasm resources, commend and reward units and individuals who have made outstanding contributions, and stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative to participate in resource protection.

The third is to improve the market mechanism. Accelerate the construction of a national trading platform for the sharing and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, support the listing and public trading of innovative germplasm, invest in enterprises at a fixed price, support the competitive auction of breeding animals and other activities, improve the interest linkage mechanism and market-oriented operation mechanism of the organic connection of resource registration, exchange and sharing, and industrial development, realize the promotion of protection by use, and increase the sense of gain in participating in resource protection and utilization.

The fourth is to tap the resource culture. Around the major national strategies such as rural revitalization, we will explore a new model of public participation in the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources. Encourage agricultural germplasm resources with typical national traditional cultural characteristics, apply for trademark, geographical indication product protection and important agricultural cultural heritage according to law, and realize better protection of agricultural germplasm resources in sustainable utilization.

Q: The Opinions put forward that the registration of agricultural germplasm resources should be organized. What is the consideration? How to carry out this work in the future?

A:At present, there are still a large number of agricultural germplasm resources scattered in the hands of enterprises, scientific research institutes, universities, social organizations and individuals in China. Due to the lack of a unified national germplasm resources registration and identity information management system, many problems have been brought. First, the resources are unclear. It is unclear who has what resources and how much the total amount is. Second, the conservation and utilization efficiency of germplasm resources is not high. Some resources are repeatedly preserved, communication is not smooth, and human, material and financial resources are wasted. Some excellent germplasm are "hidden in the boudoir" and cannot be effectively protected and fully shared. Third, the information of newly created excellent germplasm is unknown. It can not effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of creators, which is not conducive to stimulating the driving force of germplasm resources innovation. In the future, we will focus on four aspects to promote this work.

The first is to formulate a registration implementation plan. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will, on the basis of in-depth investigation and extensive solicitation of opinions, formulate a unified national implementation plan for the registration of agricultural germplasm resources, and clarify the registration subject, registration scope, registration content, registration process, main measures and supervision and management. According to the requirements of the implementation plan, the national and provincial agricultural and rural competent departments scientifically determine the agricultural germplasm resources protection units in different levels. The registration of agricultural germplasm resources is given priority from the designated protected units, and then gradually extended to scientific research institutes, universities, enterprises, social organizations and individuals.

The second is to compile registration standards and norms. Organize the compilation of general rules for registration standards of agricultural germplasm resources, and compile technical specifications for registration by species according to the characteristics of different types of resources such as crops, livestock and poultry, aquatic products and agricultural microbial germplasm resources, so as to ensure the scientificity and standardization of registration.

The third is to build a registration information system. Research and development of agricultural germplasm resources registration information system, build a national unified big data platform for agricultural germplasm resources, and realize digitalization and informationization of functions such as registration of registered users, registration and reporting of resource identity information, query and statistical analysis of resource identity information, and release and sharing of registered resources.

The fourth is to encourage innovation and sharing. We support enterprises, scientific research institutes and other social organizations to register their preserved agricultural germplasm resources, and carry out conditional sharing and services, and encourage agricultural germplasm resources protection units to carry out resource innovation and technical services. The state will establish a trading platform for sharing and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, and support innovative germplasm to be listed and publicly traded, priced to enterprises to invest in shares, and stimulate the vitality of germplasm resources protection and innovation through measures such as improving the protection mechanism of innovative germplasm rights and the traceability mechanism of identity information, strengthening rights protection and infringement supervision.

Q: What specific measures will the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs take to promote the implementation of the Opinions?

A:The first is full deployment. According to the unified deployment of the work, we will hold a video conference in due course to study and implement the spirit of the Opinions and deploy and strengthen the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources. At the same time, on the basis of the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Group for the Development of Modern Seed Industry, we will strengthen inter-departmental coordination, clarify the division of responsibilities of relevant departments in various places, formulate and improve specific policies and measures, and vigorously promote implementation.

The second is planning guidance. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the provincial agricultural and rural departments (commissions and bureaus) should take the lead in formulating the development plan for the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources in a timely manner in accordance with the requirements of the Opinions and in combination with local conditions, refine the objectives, tasks, work measures and support policies, strengthen planning guidance, and effectively implement the requirements of the Opinions.

The third is propaganda and interpretation. We will further intensify publicity by publishing the full text of the Opinions and interpreting the series of experts, so as to respond to social concerns in a timely manner and create a good atmosphere. At the same time, we will explore activities such as the Germplasm Resources Protection Publicity Week and the Germplasm Resources Protection Journalists’ Bank.

The fourth is to highlight key points. This year, we will focus on the general survey and collection of agricultural germplasm resources, the confirmation and listing of protected units, the registration of agricultural germplasm resources, the exchange of agricultural germplasm resources and information, the formulation of development plans for the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, the accurate appraisal and evaluation of agricultural germplasm resources, and the construction of innovative germplasm trading platforms, and promote the comprehensive implementation of the Opinions in an orderly manner.

The fifth is to consolidate responsibility. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will take the lead in refining the timetable and road map for the implementation of the Opinions, introduce the implementation plan in a timely manner, supervise and dispatch the implementation in conjunction with relevant departments, and conduct interviews and admonitions, informed criticism or accountability and accountability for regions, units and individuals that have failed to promote their work and fail to implement their responsibilities, and regularly report the progress of their work to the State Council to ensure that the objectives and tasks set out in the Opinions are implemented.

　　Cctv news(News Network): Since the beginning of this year, under the guidance of the macro-policy of cross-cycle adjustment, China’s financial institutions have continuously increased their support for small and medium-sized micro-and technology-based enterprises, and reasonable and abundant liquidity funds have strongly supported the high-quality economic development.

　　In the first half of the year, finance accurately supported key areas and weak links such as small and micro enterprises and manufacturing. At the end of June, the balance of China’s inclusive small and micro loans was 17.7 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 31%; The balance of medium and long-term loans in manufacturing industry increased by 41.6% year-on-year, which was 24.8 percentage points higher than the growth rate of medium and long-term loans in all industries.

　　Not only that, financial support for technological innovation and high-quality development has increased. By the end of June, the loan balance of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises was 2.86 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19.96%. A total of 398,000 key enterprise banks have been established nationwide, and financial institutions have issued loans totaling 7 trillion yuan to 180,000 enterprises, which has driven nearly 30 million people to obtain employment.

　　Hunan, a national high-tech enterprise with 16 utility model patents and 2 invention patents, has an annual operating income of tens of millions of yuan. Due to the increase in orders this year, it is in urgent need of replenishing working capital.

　　Supporting innovative enterprises requires innovative financial policies. The bank cooperates with many intellectual property agencies to collect scientific and technological innovation data of high-tech enterprises, so that intellectual property rights can be changed from light paper to heavy credit.

　　Not only that, the People’s Bank of China has also creatively added two monetary policy tools that go directly to the real economy: on the one hand, it uses the central bank’s funds to encourage banks to "delay" small and micro loans, and on the other hand, it greatly increases the supply of credit loans. By the end of June, the national banking financial institutions had postponed the loan principal and interest of 11.8 trillion yuan, and issued a total of 6.9 trillion yuan of inclusive micro-credit loans.

　　In the second half of the year, a prudent monetary policy will continue to focus on supporting the real economy and guide financial institutions to increase their support for small and micro enterprises, agriculture, rural areas and farmers, manufacturing and other key areas and weak links.

　　[See the two sessions from all walks of life]

　　People who live up to the green hills will live up to them.

　　　Dong Hongru (national model worker, "the most beautiful guardian of nature", former director of Sumushanlin Forest Farm in Xinghe County, Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region)

　　Figure Sketch: Yang Zhenhui　　

　　"Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", the old man I saw with my own eyes, has become a reality in our Sumu Mountain!

　　Sumu Mountain is located at the junction of the three provinces (regions) of Shanxi, Mongolia and Hebei. "There are many deep stones in Shandagou, and it climbs as soon as you go out", with high altitude and cold climate. In the 1950s, it was still a barren hill with only a few birch trees growing sporadically in the shade.

　　In 1958, at the age of 19, I took two "treasures" — — Afforestation Technology and On the Cultivation of Communist party member came to Sumu Mountain and became a ranger. Since then, the "Greening Action" has started.

　　Sumushan land "temper" monster. At first, we tried to plant poplar, birch, apricot and elm, but none of them could grow. Later, I finally found a suitable sapling — — Larix principis-rupprechtii In the autumn of 1966, we began to plant larch on a large scale. In the second year, young trees took out new shoots, and the survival rate was over 90%. By 1980, we had planted more than 100,000 mu in Sumu Mountain, and survived more than 80,000 mu, with an output value of more than 300 million yuan, which successfully filled the afforestation gap in the alpine mountainous area in western Inner Mongolia.

　　In this way, year after year, generation after generation, cold comes and summer goes, and it took decades for our forest farm to finally change from barren hills to mountains and forests!

　　Today, Sumushan has a forested area of 205,000 mu and a forest coverage rate of 74.8%, making it a national standard ecological public welfare forest demonstration base. Sumushan Nature Reserve can increase the average annual forest stock by 11,000 cubic meters, and the ecological services provided by forest resources in water conservation, soil fixation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, atmospheric environment purification, forest recreation and other aspects are as high as hundreds of millions of yuan each year.

　　Green is the greatest wealth of Sumushan Forest Farm. In recent years, more than 100,000 tourists have visited Sumu Mountain every year. "Swim in Sumu Mountain and eat and live in Lujiaying." By selling local products, building villagers’ lodging and special catering, Lujiaying Village at the foot of the mountain has had a "tourist meal" brought by "green water and green mountains" and has become a "online celebrity Village" and a "rural revitalization demonstration village". Eco-tourism drives local people to increase their income and become rich, and a good ecological environment has become the most inclusive livelihood and welfare.

　　With the continuous progress of ecological civilization construction, the Sumu forest farm is different from our time. Not only is the forest length system fully implemented, but there are standardized work processes for afforestation, forest protection and fire prevention, and the working conditions for forest protection such as pest control, replanting and tending have also been greatly improved.

　　Although I am over eighty years old, I will go back to Sumu Mountain from time to time to see where I have fought for a long time. I have done one thing in my life, and that is planting trees. Nowadays, the green hills are getting greener and greener, the woods are being better and better protected by the younger generations, and the people around them are living a more comfortable life.

　　People live up to the castle peak, and the castle peak will live up to people. My whole life has been worth it!

　　　　(Interview with Guangming Daily reporter Yang Shu)

Why did Changsha waste store dump the leftover bits and pieces of thousands of stores?

Recycling is hard to sell. There used to be 1,500 stores, but now there are 200: the more they are torn down, the more they are padded.

With the profit of waste recycling getting smaller and smaller, street vendors who recycle waste are becoming less and less common. (data picture)

"Waste, color TV refrigerator washing machine … books and newspapers … beer bottles …"

Hearing shouts coming from the alley, Wang Miao ran out. Five minutes later, the 14-year-old color TV at home changed its owner.

Half an hour later, this color TV set was sent by Lao Li to the waste recycling station in Zhushanyuan, Changsha, and sold to 80 yuan. Lao Li earned 10 yuan on this trip.

The data shows that in 2015, 1.7 million tons of waste electrical products were recycled and dismantled in China, with an output rate of 98.2% and an economic value of 4.95 billion yuan. However, when the reporter visited the recycling destination of used household appliances, he learned that the number of waste materials recycling shops in Changsha has been greatly reduced, and now there are only more than 200. Moreover, qualified waste household appliances dismantling enterprises are also facing a series of problems such as difficult recycling and difficult capital operation. ■ Trainee reporter and Tingting

survey

Profits fell, and waste shops in Changsha dropped sharply.

On the afternoon of August 13th, the reporter went to Zhushanyuan Waste Recycling Station where Lao Li resold color TV sets, and found that the site of nearly 20 square meters was filled with plastic and some old household appliances, and the carefree and boring proprietress was dressing up.

"It has been open for more than ten years, and now even the children can’t afford to study. My husband has already switched to the construction site as a temporary worker." When it comes to business, the proprietress has some complaints.

"I feel that business is getting worse every year, and now many waste shops are closed." Wife of shop-owner looking at the outdoor sun, some low tone.

"There are indeed many closures. At present, there are only more than 200 waste recycling shops in Changsha." Zhou Wei, secretary-general of Changsha Renewable Resources Recycling Association, said that around 2009, there were more than 1,500 waste recycling shops in Changsha at the peak.

It is understood that the reason for the closure of many waste recycling shops is the serious decline in profits. Boss Liu of the recycling station of renewable resources in Maojiaqiao Lane has been engaged in this line for many years. "I used to collect three plastic bottles for one dime, but now I can collect six. What do you think?"

Profits have declined, but daily expenses such as rent and labor have increased year by year. Unsustainable bosses can only change careers or close their doors.

In the investigation and interview, the reporter learned that many recycling shops simply disassemble the used household appliances that arrive at the store or send them to individual small workshops for disassembly, and most of them are resold to the second-hand household appliances market, and the profit margin can be imagined. "There are only a few people, so how can we have the energy to make a fine disassembly?" Boss Liu said frankly.

In fact, waste household appliances have huge invisible wealth. Data show that from 2012 to 2015, nearly 200 million sets of discarded electrical and electronic products were recycled in China, and 195 million sets were dismantled. Among them, in 2015, 1.7 million tons of waste electrical products were dismantled, and the output rate was as high as 98.2%.

In addition to waste stations and small individual workshops, many enterprises also took a fancy to this piece of cake, and some enterprises specializing in dismantling came into being. There are four such enterprises in Hunan. "Last year, the number of waste’ four machines and one brain’ theoretically produced in our province was about 2 million units, and these four enterprises dismantled about 4 million units. They digested most of the waste household appliances in our province." Zhou Wei said.

However, these qualified formal dismantling enterprises have also encountered difficulties. Zhuzhou Kaitian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. is one of the four qualified dismantling enterprises in Hunan, with an annual dismantling capacity of about 800,000 units. Li Jun, the company’s new business development department minister, was deeply touched. "There are more and more scrapped household appliances dismantled, but less and less money is made."

question

The more demolition, the more the enterprise advances.

"At present, the recycling price of a waste household appliance is around 80 yuan, and the management and dismantling cost is 25 yuan, and the total expenditure cost is about 105 yuan. Dismantling a home appliance can probably generate value around 35 yuan, plus the fund subsidy around 75 yuan, and the profit of each home appliance is probably above 5 yuan. " Li Jun calculated an account.

But this is only an ideal account book.

"Our dismantling subsidies in the third and fourth quarters of last year have not yet been put in place, so the company has been paying for it." Li Jun said.

According to Li Jun, an enterprise with an annual dismantling capacity of 1 million household appliances needs to pay about 40 million yuan in advance for the fund subsidy of 75 yuan, excluding the dismantling value of 35 yuan. "In addition, enterprises will still have some stocks, and the basic amount of funds will be around 40 million to 50 million."

"Now there are three mountains on the head of our dismantling enterprises. The first mountain is the continuous decline in the prices of bulk commodities. Second, the price of recycling keeps rising. Third, with the massive dismantling in recent years, the amount of used household appliances has gradually decreased. " Zhou Jun, general manager of Hunan Wanrong Technology Co., Ltd. said.

trace to the source

What is the crux of the problem ?

The recovery system is not perfect

What is the crux of the recycling of used household appliances?

Zhou Wei introduced that China’s fund subsidy policy is biased towards the management and subsidy of dismantling enterprises, but it does not set certain thresholds or requirements for circulation links such as waste stations at the front end. Therefore, it can be collected by walking the streets and lanes, and three or two sets can also be collected, and the recycling price is also difficult to control.

Moreover, the policy model of domestic fund subsidies is borrowed from foreign countries. However, abroad is an extension of producer responsibility system and consumer responsibility system, and not only producers but also consumers have to pay for the disposal of used waste household appliances. However, there is still a lack of consumer responsibility system in China, and residents’ treatment of used household appliances is sales, and whoever bids high will sell it to them.

"In the 1970s and 1980s, recycling enterprises were state-owned, and they had a complete system. Nowadays, recycling enterprises are private, and their fundamental attributes are profit-seeking, big profits, small profits, and no profits. So far, the domestic recycling system has been imperfect. " Zhou Wei said.

suggestion

Transformation and upgrading

Self-built recycling channel

Zhou Jun said that in the face of the current difficult recycling situation, enterprises need to be deep and refined at the front end, build their own recycling channel system and increase recycling efforts.

"The imperfect recycling system has restricted the development of many waste electrical appliances dismantling enterprises in the province. Two years ago, one or two of the 10 discarded electrical appliances dismantled by the company were recycled through its own channels, and now the proportion has increased to 7-8. In this way, the industrial chain can be moved forward ecologically. On the one hand, it reduces circulation links to avoid scalpers raising prices, on the other hand, it can guarantee the quality of home appliances. " Zhou Jun said.

Tang Qinqin, president of the Provincial Chamber of Commerce for Household Electrical Appliances Industry, believes that a rental platform for household electrical appliances can be established, and the whole process of product sales-reservation-installation-maintenance (-subletting)-recycling-dismantling-scrapping can be completed on this platform, so as to realize the full integration of electronic products from factory to scrapping. This can not only ensure the whole process of product control, but also reduce circulation links and save costs. In addition, the form of leasing is also conducive to improving the reuse rate of products and promoting the recycling of resources.