Peasant Uprising and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in Qing Dynasty in Original History

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851-1864) was renamed the Heavenly Kingdom of God and the Heavenly Father, Heavenly Brother and Heavenly King.

From the end of 1850 to the beginning of 1851, the leading group composed of Hong Xiuquan, Yang Xiuqing, Xiao Chaogui, Feng Yunshan, Wei Changhui and Shi Dakai launched an armed uprising against the Qing Dynasty in Jintian Village, Guangxi. After the establishment of the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", Jiangning (now Nanjing) was captured in March 1853, with its capital here and renamed Tianjing. In August 1864, Tianjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, was captured by Xiang Army, and Tianguifu Hong, the son of Hong Xiuquan, the young king, was captured. In 1872, Li Wencai, the last Taiping Army unit, was defeated in Guizhou.

jintian uprising

Hong Xiuquan went to Guangzhou to take part in the imperial examination many times, but unfortunately they all came last. In 1844 (twenty-third year of Daoguang), he and his cousin Feng Yunshan and his brother Hong Rengan absorbed some Christian teachings from Liang Fa’s Good Words to Advise the World, and later baptized themselves. Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan went to Guixian, Guangxi to preach, and Hong returned to Guangdong soon. Feng stayed in Guangxi to develop, and the number of local believers increased.

In the summer of 1850, Hong Xiuquan issued a group camp order, asking the congregation to organize troops in Jintian Village, Guiping County, Guangxi. At the end of the year, the Taiping Army fought against the Qing army in Siwang and Caicunjiang successively, thus beginning the armed opposition with the Qing court. At the beginning, it was named "Taiping", and later the founding of the country was named "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom". On January 11th, 1851, Hong Xiuquan’s birthday, many people worshipped God in Jintian Village to "wish you a long life". Later, the world designated this day as jintian uprising Memorial Day. On March 23, Hong Xiuquan ascended the throne in Wuxuan, Guangxi, and was later renamed King of Peace.

Nanjing with its capital.

In the autumn of 1851, the Taiping Army occupied Yong ‘an Prefecture (now mengshan county) in Guangxi. In December, the kings were enfeoffed in Yong ‘an City.

In April, 1852 (the second year of Xianfeng), the Taiping Army broke through Yong ‘an, besieged the provincial capital Guilin in the north, and continued northward. At Suoyidu in Quanzhou, it was intercepted by the Jiang Zhongyuan department of the Qing army, and Feng Yunshan died after being hit by the artillery fire of the Qing army. On May 19th, he left Guangxi and entered Hunan, Kedao and Chenzhou. In August, Xiao Chaogui, the king of the West, heard that Changsha was empty, led a division to attack Changsha, and died during the siege on September 12th. When Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing heard the news, they rushed to Changsha at the gate, but by this time, the Qing government had gathered heavily, and the Taiping Army had failed to attack Changsha for nearly three months, so they withdrew from the north to conquer Yuezhou.

On January 12, 1853, the Taiping Army captured Wuchang, and the number of Taiping Army increased to 500,000. On March 19, 1853, Jiangning (now Nanjing) was captured, and Lu Jianying, the governor of Liangjiang, was killed. On March 29, 1853, Hong Xiuquan entered Jinling City, renovated the governor’s office of Liangjiang, changed it into Tianwangfu, and announced that Jinling was its capital and renamed Tianjing, thus formally establishing the peasant regime of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, which confronted the Qing Dynasty.

Tianjing incident

In the early days of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, military and political affairs were the responsibility of military advisers, and Hong Xiuquan retired behind the scenes and ignored the affairs of state affairs, and the power fell to Yang Xiuqing, the East King.

In 1856, the Taiping Army broke through the prosperous "Jiangnan Camp" of the Qing army and solved the three-year siege of Tianjing. Seeing that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was in a good situation at that time, Yang Xiuqing had other plans. Forcing Hong Xiuquan to seal himself as "Long live". Wei Changhui, the king of the North, asked for permission to kill the king of the East, but the king refused. Later, Chen Chengrong told the King of Heaven that Yang Xiuqing had attempted to usurp the throne, and the King of Heaven secretly ordered the Northern King, the Wing King and the Yan King Qin Rigang to eradicate the Eastern King.

In the early morning of the 2nd, Yang Xiuqing and his family were killed in the attack on the East Wangfu, and more than 20,000 people, including the subordinates of the East King’s shogunate, their families and other soldiers and civilians, were also killed, which is known as the Tianjing Incident in history. Shi Dakai, the wing king, blamed Wei Changhui for killing indiscriminately after arriving in Tianjing, and they broke up in discord. Shi Dakai escaped from Jinling City that night. Later, under the secret order of the heavenly king Hong Xiuquan, Wei Changhui killed all the family members in the Wing Palace.

Shi Dakai was in Jingnan, dispatch troops, Anhui Province, and wrote to the king of heaven, please kill the king of the North to make people angry. Seeing that all the soldiers and civilians supported Shi Dakai, Tianwang wrote a letter to punish Wei. In November, Shi Dakai returned to Beijing by a letter, and was honored as the "righteous king" by the military and civilians. He joined the DPRK in proposing "promoting government affairs", and Hong Xiuquan was forced to submit a letter because of public discussion. Regardless of personal grievances, he only punished the first evil when investigating the responsibility for the massacre, not blaming his subordinates, and the people quickly settled down. Although Wuchang fell shortly after Shi Dakai returned to Beijing because of the lack of food, under the deployment of Shi Dakai, the Taiping Army held fast to the pass and waited for an opportunity to counterattack. Rising stars such as Chen Yucheng, Li Xiucheng, Yang Fuqing and Shi Zhenji began to take the lead, and the passive situation caused by infighting was gradually reversed. In the spring of 1857, Li Xiucheng and Chen Yucheng defeated the Qinding Third Division of the Qing Army, and went north to Lu ‘an and Huoqiu, where they joined the Nian Army, with the soldiers heading straight for Hubei.

Expedition to the west and east

In September, 1857, Hong Xiuquan was forced to send an envoy to ask Shi Dakai to return to Beijing. Shi Dakai said that he would not return to Beijing, but would transfer Chen Yucheng, Li Xiucheng, Wei Jun and other generals to help, and continue to fight for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom as the "general commander". Hong Xiuquan approved this plan, and Tianjing officials admitted that Shi Dakai’s subsequent operations were expeditionary activities of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Since then, Shi Dakai has successively moved to Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces outside Tianjing, containing a large number of Qing troops and alleviating the military pressure in Tianjing and Anhui.

From February to May, 1860, Li Xiucheng took advantage of the victory to capture many places in southern Jiangsu after the second attack on the Qing army’s Jiangnan camp. In 1861, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom deployed the second Western Expedition, and planned to attack Wuchang from the north and south of the Yangtze River with two main forces, Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng, to rescue Anqing. Chen Yucheng marched rapidly, conquered Huangzhou in one fell swoop and matched Wuchang. At this time, British diplomat Parkes met Chen Yucheng. Taiping rebels were asked to withdraw their troops. Due to the slow advance of Li Xiucheng, Taiping rebels were not sure to capture Wuchang in a short time, and Xiang troops stepped up their siege of Anqing. Chen Yucheng decided to order his men Lai Wenguang to lead troops to stay near Wuchang, continue to wait for Li Xiucheng, and return to Anqing with his main force.

In September 1861, Ceng Guoquan conquered Anqing, and all the Taiping Army commanders Ye Yunlai, Wu Dingcai and more than 16,000 people were killed. In January 1862, Li Xiucheng led an army to attack Shanghai, and the Qing army and foreigners jointly resisted and blocked the Taiping Army. After a long attack, the Taiping Army still failed to occupy Shanghai. In May, Chen Yucheng was arrested by the traitor Miao Peilin in Shouzhou and escorted to the Qing army to win the battle. In June of the same year, Chen Yucheng was executed by the Qing army. In June, 1862 (the first year of Tongzhi), Hong Xiuquan ordered Taiping troops from all over the country to return to Tianjing, and the Taiping army assembled 200,000 troops. In October, it fought against the Xiang army for more than 40 days, but failed to win. In December, Li Xiucheng was ordered to cross the Yangtze River north. In the same year, Li Hongzhang attacked southern Jiangsu and Zuo Zongtang attacked Zhejiang.

The fall of Tianjing

On December 21, 1863, the fortress outside Tianjing was completely lost and suffered from food shortage. Li Xiucheng, the loyal king, suggested retreating, but Hong Xiuquan refused. On June 1st, 1864, Hong Xiuquan died after many days of feeding on weeds, and the young king Tianguifu Hong succeeded to the throne. On July 19, Tianjing fell, and then the Qing army slaughtered the city, and many civilians were killed. The tragic situation is indescribable.

Li Xiucheng and Hong Rengan escorted the young king to break through. Li Xiucheng let the good horse be given to the young master, and was separated from the young master in the chaos. On the 22nd of the same month, he was captured in Fangshan, just outside Nanjing, and after tens of thousands of words of confession ("Li Xiucheng readme"), he was executed by Zeng Guofan on August 7th.

On July 29th, 1864, Tianguifu Hong, the young king who broke through to Guangde, was welcomed by Huang Wenjin, the garrison commander of Huzhou Taiping Army. On August 28th, Huang Wenjin and Hong Rengan took the initiative to abandon the city and break through. On September 5th, Huang Wenjin died of injuries while escorting the young heavenly king to Ningguo, and was intercepted by the enemy. In October, the battle of Shicheng, Jiangxi, was completely annihilated. Tianguifu Hong, a young heavenly king, was captured in the barren mountain cave in Shicheng, Jiangxi Province, and was executed by Ling Chi in Nanchang on November 18th.

Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (1851-1864) [established by Hong Xiuquan(洪秀全)leader of the Taiping Revolution

The armed forces of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have successively developed to Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Shanxi, Zhili, Shandong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Guangdong provinces, and have conquered more than 600 cities.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the administrative division of "province, government, road and county" in the Qing Dynasty was changed to a three-level system of "province, county and county", that is, the "road" was abolished and the "government" was changed to "county". Hong Rengan, one of the late leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, claimed several times that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom wanted to divide the world into 21 provinces, which should refer to the 18 provinces established by the Qing Dynasty and the three northeastern provinces. However, the provinces mentioned in the documents of various periods of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were not limited to this, and there were other provinces such as Sufu, Tianpu, Guifu and Yili (Xinjiang). Hong Rengan also announced that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom would set up 12 counties in jiangnan province and 11 counties in each province of other provinces, but this idea was divorced from reality and could not and could not be implemented.

The latest 18 core systems of medical quality and safety are coming!

Good morning, friends! Today is Monday, April 23, 2018. Welcome to the morning newspaper time in the health sector, and immediately broadcast the fresh information of global health care for you!

In the 17th century, electroshock therapy was once considered as a panacea. The literature recorded by a medical historian points out that electric shock to the reproductive organs can restore impotence patients to their glory, become stronger and restore their youthful vitality. At the same time, electroshock therapy can make the elderly at least 15 years younger.

[medical headlines]

[Hot smell at 100℃]

[medical trends]

[New Deal Release]

"number theory"

[cutting edge]

[investment and financing]

[Browse Bo]

# Lin Qiaozhi’s first prescription #She is the only female academician in the first Chinese Academy of Sciences; She is the first director of obstetrics and gynecology in China; She never married, but delivered more than 50 thousand babies herself; She worked hard and made great contributions to the research field of obstetrics and gynecology in China. On April 22nd, 1983, Lin Qiaozhi, a medical scientist, died. She once said, "The first prescription a doctor gives a patient should be caring."

@ Someone outside CQMU:Never married, dedicated to medicine!

@ 京京京京京京京京京京京京:Looking back on Lin Qiaozhi’s life, she studied hard for her medical ideal, worked diligently in obstetrics and gynecology for decades, and welcomed thousands of new lives in Qian Qian with her hands. She is unmarried for life, but she has the richest love; She has no children, but she is the richest mother; She is the patron saint of mothers and babies. Lin Qiaozhi devoted all her life to pregnant women and babies and said with a smile: I am a doctor.

@ 京京京京京:Lin Qiaozhi, a China woman, became attached to obstetrics and gynecology with her unique concentration and compassion. With her agile hands, she took over thousands of Chinese children. She went to sleep quietly, but the light shone on the world. Miss her.

# The first 5G mobile phone is coming! #At the first Digital China Construction Summit, Wen Ku, Director of the Information and Communication Development Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, expressed the hope that the first 5G mobile phone would be launched in the second half of 2019. He said that in 2017, there were 1.03 billion 4G users in China. At present, 5G has entered a critical stage of international standard development, and a global consensus on 5G spectrum has taken shape. In the future, 5G will form a global unified international standard, and China ranks among the first echelon of 5G in the world. China has established a 5G cooperation mechanism with Europe, America, Japan and South Korea at the level of government and industrial organization. In the second half of 2019, 5G initially has commercial conditions, and it is hoped that the first 5G mobile phone will be launched at that time.

@RichardPlus:Expect to do whatever you want.

@ _ Your Xu greatly greatly:I feel like I have to change my mobile phone again!

@ Stocklee:China’s core is guaranteed, otherwise the consequences will be very serious.

@ xiao Xi:Come on, my country

@ March’s drizzle:No matter how many G’s, transparent service and reasonable charges are the right way!

[opinions]

[sharp view outside the industry]

Cold knowledge

Studies have shown that there is no difference between a broken heart and a broken arm to some extent. Those areas in our brain that will be activated by physical pain will also be activated when we are rejected in social interaction. Therefore, "I am very sad today, give me a bottle of aspirin." This sentence also has certain scientific truth.

[Wild weather]

From 08: 00 on April 23 to 08: 00 on April 24, there were moderate to heavy rains and local heavy rains (50-80 mm) in parts of northern Sichuan Plateau, southern Sichuan Basin, southern Gansu, central, eastern and southwestern Jiangnan, and central and northern South China. These local areas will be accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation and thunderstorms. There are 4 ~ 6 winds in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, Liaodong Peninsula, central and eastern Huanghuai, eastern Jianghuai, Jianghan and northeastern Jiangnan. Some areas in southern Xinjiang basin and other places have sand blowing or floating dust. The winds in the Yellow Sea and the northeastern part of the East China Sea can reach 8 and the gusts are 9-10.

This world, for some people, is so cold that nothing grows; For some people, it is bustling and hot, and every time you speak, there will be flowers and fruits. -Yan Lianke’s "Walking on the Road of Others"

Today’s global health information is broadcast here for you. Thank you for watching it. See you tomorrow!

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Contact information

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Romantic release of Wonders of the Young Wang Chuanjun and Wang Luodan shared a lifetime love song.


1905 movie network news On November 5th, the director and Wang Shuo wrote the script, Peng Huaiyi and Wang Qian served as the chief producer, starring,,,, and Zhao Yutong, and the love movie was officially released nationwide. At the same time, the film released the "Never Forget" version of the ultimate poster and the "Fantasy Life" version of the preview, which not only unveiled the fantastic face of slow vision of Guo Xiaolu (Eric Wang), but also portrayed a magnificent group image spanning more than half a century.


As the first love movie this winter, the movie Wonder of the Young has a special show at 20: 00 on November 5th, and "11520" means "I love you all my life". At that time, the audience can meet their favorite people, watch this romantic movie of "love only one person all my life" and promise each other eternal love.


Eric Wang’s fantasy life reveals the secret for the first time. Looking back at his life, he said, "Never forget."


In the "Never Forget" version of the group poster, the retro style is full of texture. The poster takes Guo Xiaolu, played by Eric Wang, as the main body of the picture, and the surrounding cloud effect instantly draws people into memories, showing that people and things he has experienced have never forgotten, and Su Lingfang (Wang Luodan), who he loved all his life, Ding Mengmeng (Li Tingting), his best friend Wang Xiao Mo (Wang Xiaokun), and Yan Xiao Wang Qingwei (Weihao Xu). In addition, there are pictures of Guo Xiaolu and Su Lingfang when they were young, which highlights the touching love between them all their lives.


At the same time, in the release of the "Fantasy Life" version of the preview, Guo Xiaolu’s unique novel appearance was also unveiled for the first time. In the preview, Guo Xiaolu accidentally unlocked the "slow vision" skill because of an explosion. Since then, he has brought his own "movie slow motion" effect, not only playing the piano "flowing", reading "reading at a glance", playing table tennis "no one can beat", but also attracting attention on the operating table with the advantage of "quick eyes and quick hands". This time, the "Fantasy Life" version previews the word "odd" in the title, which can be described as eye-catching.


The director of the scene was pleasantly surprised, and the audience praised "the stamina is super enough"


It is worth mentioning that in the screening activity of the film "Wonders of Not Old", director Xu Chao made a surprise appearance and had a profound exchange and interpretation with the audience. The on-site director not only talked about the cooperation opportunity with the gold medal screenwriter Wang Shuo, but also praised the performances of many powerful actors such as Eric Wang and Wang Luodan. At the same time, he shared the original intention of creating a film and his persistence for eight years, which pushed the on-site atmosphere to a climax. After watching the movie, the audience were immersed in it for a long time, and they all said that "the movie had too much stamina, so they cried with a smile", "The director was careful, and the movie had the taste of Wang Shuo, and Eric Wang and Wang Luodan’s acting skills burst", "The love concept of loving only one person for life is really rare and very touching". I believe that with the release of the film, more viewers will appreciate the deep feeling of "loving one person all their lives" in the film, and get their own feelings about love, life and life and death.

Businessman’s self-reported bribery experience: let officials count money until they are afraid

  Recently, Yunnan anti-corruption warning film "Hunting: Bribery" was broadcast, and many "hunters" appeared to reveal the true face of collusion between government and business under the veil of warmth.

  "Hunting around" is meant to capture animals from all sides. Nowadays, some officials have become the "hunting" targets of some lawless elements, and all kinds of temptations and flatteries are directed at them. In the anti-corruption struggle, they did not resist all kinds of temptations, and eventually they were willing to become "prey", thus paying a painful price.

  Cheng Xuku, a businessman from Chongqing, accidentally met Zhou Kai, former vice chairman of the Financial and Economic Committee of Yunnan Provincial People’s Congress. Although Cheng Xuku’s first gift was not successful, he thought: "As long as he (Zhou Kai) doesn’t refuse to associate with me, it is already an opportunity." Therefore, Cheng Xuku spent three years, "hunting" penetrated into every aspect of Zhou Kai’s life. "He is a tool for us to gain benefits. Our aim is to gain greater benefits from them. No one will say from the beginning that it is for the purpose of making friends, and it is very dangerous to associate with businessmen. " Cheng Xuku said bluntly, "Zhou Kai was scared when he finally counted money. He felt that this was not counting money, but giving himself ‘ Grave ’ Scattered paper. "

  Cheng Xuku clearly stated the real purpose of his "hunting" officials. "We spend a lot of time speculating about him, observing him, getting to know him, spending a lot of energy to please him, and spending a lot of money to meet his requirements, even if it is patchwork. This is a ‘ Investment ’ , this ‘ Investment ’ It is a profitable thing. "

  The process of businessman Gan Jianyi "hunting" Liu Gang, the former party secretary and chairman of Yunnan State-owned Capital Operation Co., Ltd., is exactly the same as that of Cheng Xuku.

  Gan Jianyi had carefully studied Liu Gang’s hobby. Liu Gang was a heavy smoker. He took four cigarettes on weekends and went to Liu Gang’s house to chat with him. Liu Gang was busy with his work and took less care of his family, so he went to help every day. Liu Gang’s daughter-in-law and children regarded him as one of their own. Once, Liu Gang used Gan Jianyi’s car to travel. Gan Jianyi put 50,000 yuan in the car, and Liu Gang took it. Gan Jianyi felt that he could make a request to him … …

  It is one of the tricks of "hunting" officials to vote for their own interests and play emotional cards. Wang Junqiang, former deputy director of the Office of Finance and Economics Committee of Yunnan Provincial Party Committee, said: "After I met a businessman, he took care of me in every possible way, acting like a loyal domestic slave. After gaining my trust, he began to swindle and cheat in my name, even claiming that he could help people ‘ Buy an official ’ 。”

  In the feature film, businesswoman He Qingfan contracted a 210 million yuan project from Tu Lijun, the former director of Wuhua Branch of Kunming Public Security Bureau, by means of "falling in love".

  The cases in the warning education film are thought-provoking and shocking. Our cadres in party member must be firm in their ideals and beliefs, always alert, consciously resist temptation, strictly abide by the party’s political discipline and rules, earnestly distinguish between public and private, firmly establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, and constantly sound the alarm and prevent delays, so as to become a good cadre who is loyal, clean, responsible and satisfied with the masses. (China Discipline Inspection and Supervision News Yunnan Commission for Discipline Inspection website)