Open a new chapter in the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources
-The person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs interprets the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Resources.

On February 11th, the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Resources (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions") was officially issued. The person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs was interviewed by the reporter and interpreted the background significance, new requirements and how to implement the Opinions.

Q: What role has agricultural germplasm resources played in ensuring food security, supplying agricultural products and promoting social and economic development? What is the current situation of protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources in China?

A:Agricultural germplasm resources such as crops, livestock and poultry, aquatic products and agricultural microorganisms are the basis of new variety breeding, the carrier of genetic information from the previous generation to the next generation, and one of the indispensable and important resources for human survival. China’s agriculture has a long history and is rich in germplasm resources, which are the most important agricultural heritage in China and even in the world. Since the founding of New China, agricultural germplasm resources have been effectively developed and utilized, agricultural varieties have been constantly introduced, agricultural science and technology have been continuously improved, and grain yield has hit record highs. The role of agricultural germplasm resources is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the basic role of ensuring national food security. China’s grain yield increased by 4.6 times compared with 1949, and the output of livestock, poultry and aquatic products ranked first in the world for a long time, mainly due to the continuous upgrading of varieties. The successful cultivation and popularization of breakthrough varieties all came from the excavation and utilization of excellent germplasm resources. The second is the source function of agricultural science and technology innovation. Throughout the history of agriculture at home and abroad, every breakthrough of green revolution stems from the exploration and utilization of germplasm resources. China’s Meishan pig and other local breeds have made great contributions to the overall improvement of global pig reproductive performance, and the excavation and utilization of Wenchang chicken, Qingyuan Ma chicken and other local breeds have given birth to China’s unique yellow-feather broiler industry. At present, the contribution rate of improved varieties in China’s agricultural production increase is over 45%. The third is to inherit the carrier role of Chinese farming civilization. The development history of human society is also a history of inheritance of farming civilization. The Chinese nation has discovered, domesticated and cultivated a large number of agricultural germplasm resources, which are alive, alive and sustainable.It has played an irreplaceable role in inheriting Chinese farming civilization and promoting the development of human society.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources in China has achieved positive results. First, the total resources continue to increase. China’s long-term preservation of more than 510,000 crop resources, more than 560 local species of livestock and poultry, nearly 20,000 aquatic germplasm resources and more than 230,000 microbial resources ranks among the top in the world. In 2015, the country launched the third national survey and collection of agricultural germplasm resources, and collected more than 52,000 new resources. The second is the initial construction of the protection system. Gradually established a long-term bank, medium-term bank, seed conservation field, protected area and gene bank, and a national and provincial agricultural germplasm resources protection system; The construction of a new national crop germplasm bank was fully launched. Third, the development and utilization have achieved remarkable results. Through the appraisal, exploration and creation of germplasm resources, a large number of breakthrough new varieties have been cultivated and popularized. In China, independent varieties of crops account for more than 95%, and the rate of core species of livestock and poultry is more than 70%. Aquatic and agricultural microbial products are mainly independent varieties and resources. A number of ancient local varieties such as Tianjin Xiaozhan Rice and Zhejiang Jinhua Pig have played an important role in promoting the development of regional characteristic industries, building characteristic brands and helping rural revitalization. According to incomplete statistics, in the past five years, through the identification, evaluation and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, more than 12 national science and technology awards have been supported, and the annual economic benefits have increased by more than 20 billion yuan.

Although China is a big country in germplasm resources, it is not a strong country in germplasm resources. In recent years, the challenges faced by China’s agricultural germplasm resources are becoming more and more severe, and the urgency of strengthening protection and utilization is becoming more and more intense. First, the risk of resource disappearance has intensified. The species and quantity of agricultural germplasm resources under natural ecology have decreased significantly, the speed of disappearance of wild relatives of crops in convenient transportation areas has accelerated, and the number of some local breeds of livestock and poultry and wild aquatic biological resources in coastal waters and river basins has shown a downward trend, which is in urgent need of rescue protection. Second, insufficient development and utilization. Less than 10% of agricultural germplasm resources have been accurately identified by phenotype and genotype, and most of them have not been developed and utilized, and most of them have remained in the primary stage, and resource advantages have not been effectively transformed into industrial advantages. Third, the protection system and supporting policies are not perfect. The national overall planning and graded responsibility protection system has not yet been established, the cost of resource protection continues to increase, and the motivation of protection subjects is insufficient; The treatment of scientific and technical personnel in germplasm resources protection is low, the promotion of professional titles is difficult, the loss is serious and the team is unstable.

Q: In recent years, China has issued some documents on the development of modern seed industry. Compared with previous documents, what are the new requirements in the Opinions?

A:In recent years, the State Council has issued a series of policy documents to support the development of modern seed industry, which has effectively strengthened the status of seed industry as a national basic and strategic core industry. The Opinions is the first important document focusing on the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources since the founding of New China, which has opened a new chapter in the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources. It should be said that it is a historic and programmatic document that manages both the present and the long-term, and has a milestone significance.

First, the "four firsts" have been achieved. First, the basic, public welfare, strategic and long-term orientation of agricultural germplasm resources protection was defined for the first time. Second, the basic principles of protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources with protection priority, government-led, diversified participation and efficient utilization were defined for the first time. Third, for the first time, the main body of responsibility was defined, namely, the management responsibility of the competent department, the territorial responsibility of the municipal and county governments and the main responsibility of the agricultural germplasm resources protection unit. Fourth, it is clear for the first time that agricultural germplasm resources should be managed at the national and provincial levels, and a national overall planning, graded responsibility and organic connection protection mechanism should be established.

Second, the "four core tasks" have been established. First, by carrying out systematic collection and protection, we can realize all the insurance that should be guaranteed. The second is to strengthen the identification and evaluation by building a platform for identification and evaluation of germplasm resources and gene mining, and establishing an identification and evaluation system. The third is to improve the protection system by innovating the protection mechanism, determining the protection units, registering agricultural germplasm resources, and building a unified national big data platform for agricultural germplasm resources. The fourth is to promote diversified development and utilization by implementing the creation and application of excellent germplasm resources and establishing a national trading platform for sharing and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources.

Third, the "four policies with high gold content" were introduced. In the aspect of talent team construction, it is proposed that the performance salary of scientific and technological personnel for germplasm resources protection should be appropriately tilted, and indirect funds can be extracted from projects allowed by the policy; Peer evaluation of scientific and technical personnel for germplasm resources protection, and basic work such as collection, protection, appraisal and evaluation can be used as the basis for professional title evaluation; In terms of land use management, local governments are required to reasonably arrange the land for germplasm resource banks (nurseries, farms and districts), and are not allowed to delimit prohibited areas without authorization or beyond the scope. In terms of financial security, it is stipulated that the relevant departments of the central and local governments can co-ordinate support for resource protection through existing funding channels; Support should also be increased for modern seed industry upgrading projects, national key research and development plans, and major national science and technology projects. In terms of incentive mechanism, units and individuals who have made outstanding contributions are clearly commended and rewarded.

Fourth, it puts forward "four aspects of higher standard requirements". The "Opinions" stipulate that the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources should be included in the relevant government work assessment; Audit institutions shall supervise the implementation of policies through auditing according to law; If serious consequences such as resource loss and extinction are caused, the relevant units and personnel shall be investigated for responsibility according to laws and regulations; The relevant units supported by public finance should implement the mechanism of the achievements and information exchange of germplasm resources research projects under the supervision of the agricultural germplasm resources management department.

Q: At present, the protection of germplasm resources mainly depends on governments at all levels, relevant departments and scientific research institutions. How can we mobilize all social forces and let more farmers and social organizations participate in resource protection?

A:The protection of agricultural germplasm resources is a systematic project, involving many departments and subjects, which requires the extensive participation and support of the whole society. Many ancient local varieties and characteristic resources are protected and continued in the front and back of people’s houses, fields and deep forests. Some local species are as endangered and rare as giant pandas. It is necessary to involve more farmers and social organizations in resource protection. Next, we will do a good job in four aspects.

The first is to raise public awareness. Vigorously carry out popular science propaganda and science education, make full use of the internet, newspapers, television, radio and other media, and carry out video exhibitions and lectures and other activities through a series of scientific and educational films, newspapers, magazines and popular science books, so as to guide social groups and grassroots people to care, support and participate in this work.

The second is to encourage public participation. In the process of general survey and collection of agricultural germplasm resources, we should simultaneously carry out the investigation, collection, collation and protection of relevant traditional knowledge, encourage enterprises and social organizations to undertake the task of protecting agricultural germplasm resources, encourage and support individuals, social organizations and enterprises to register their preserved agricultural germplasm resources, and issue appraisal certificates to the resources that have not been collected and preserved in national resource banks (fields, districts and nurseries), thus forming a good atmosphere for resource protection. At the same time, accelerate the establishment of an commendation and reward mechanism for the protection of agricultural germplasm resources, commend and reward units and individuals who have made outstanding contributions, and stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative to participate in resource protection.

The third is to improve the market mechanism. Accelerate the construction of a national trading platform for the sharing and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, support the listing and public trading of innovative germplasm, invest in enterprises at a fixed price, support the competitive auction of breeding animals and other activities, improve the interest linkage mechanism and market-oriented operation mechanism of the organic connection of resource registration, exchange and sharing, and industrial development, realize the promotion of protection by use, and increase the sense of gain in participating in resource protection and utilization.

The fourth is to tap the resource culture. Around the major national strategies such as rural revitalization, we will explore a new model of public participation in the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources. Encourage agricultural germplasm resources with typical national traditional cultural characteristics, apply for trademark, geographical indication product protection and important agricultural cultural heritage according to law, and realize better protection of agricultural germplasm resources in sustainable utilization.

Q: The Opinions put forward that the registration of agricultural germplasm resources should be organized. What is the consideration? How to carry out this work in the future?

A:At present, there are still a large number of agricultural germplasm resources scattered in the hands of enterprises, scientific research institutes, universities, social organizations and individuals in China. Due to the lack of a unified national germplasm resources registration and identity information management system, many problems have been brought. First, the resources are unclear. It is unclear who has what resources and how much the total amount is. Second, the conservation and utilization efficiency of germplasm resources is not high. Some resources are repeatedly preserved, communication is not smooth, and human, material and financial resources are wasted. Some excellent germplasm are "hidden in the boudoir" and cannot be effectively protected and fully shared. Third, the information of newly created excellent germplasm is unknown. It can not effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of creators, which is not conducive to stimulating the driving force of germplasm resources innovation. In the future, we will focus on four aspects to promote this work.

The first is to formulate a registration implementation plan. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will, on the basis of in-depth investigation and extensive solicitation of opinions, formulate a unified national implementation plan for the registration of agricultural germplasm resources, and clarify the registration subject, registration scope, registration content, registration process, main measures and supervision and management. According to the requirements of the implementation plan, the national and provincial agricultural and rural competent departments scientifically determine the agricultural germplasm resources protection units in different levels. The registration of agricultural germplasm resources is given priority from the designated protected units, and then gradually extended to scientific research institutes, universities, enterprises, social organizations and individuals.

The second is to compile registration standards and norms. Organize the compilation of general rules for registration standards of agricultural germplasm resources, and compile technical specifications for registration by species according to the characteristics of different types of resources such as crops, livestock and poultry, aquatic products and agricultural microbial germplasm resources, so as to ensure the scientificity and standardization of registration.

The third is to build a registration information system. Research and development of agricultural germplasm resources registration information system, build a national unified big data platform for agricultural germplasm resources, and realize digitalization and informationization of functions such as registration of registered users, registration and reporting of resource identity information, query and statistical analysis of resource identity information, and release and sharing of registered resources.

The fourth is to encourage innovation and sharing. We support enterprises, scientific research institutes and other social organizations to register their preserved agricultural germplasm resources, and carry out conditional sharing and services, and encourage agricultural germplasm resources protection units to carry out resource innovation and technical services. The state will establish a trading platform for sharing and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, and support innovative germplasm to be listed and publicly traded, priced to enterprises to invest in shares, and stimulate the vitality of germplasm resources protection and innovation through measures such as improving the protection mechanism of innovative germplasm rights and the traceability mechanism of identity information, strengthening rights protection and infringement supervision.

Q: What specific measures will the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs take to promote the implementation of the Opinions?

A:The first is full deployment. According to the unified deployment of the work, we will hold a video conference in due course to study and implement the spirit of the Opinions and deploy and strengthen the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources. At the same time, on the basis of the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Group for the Development of Modern Seed Industry, we will strengthen inter-departmental coordination, clarify the division of responsibilities of relevant departments in various places, formulate and improve specific policies and measures, and vigorously promote implementation.

The second is planning guidance. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the provincial agricultural and rural departments (commissions and bureaus) should take the lead in formulating the development plan for the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources in a timely manner in accordance with the requirements of the Opinions and in combination with local conditions, refine the objectives, tasks, work measures and support policies, strengthen planning guidance, and effectively implement the requirements of the Opinions.

The third is propaganda and interpretation. We will further intensify publicity by publishing the full text of the Opinions and interpreting the series of experts, so as to respond to social concerns in a timely manner and create a good atmosphere. At the same time, we will explore activities such as the Germplasm Resources Protection Publicity Week and the Germplasm Resources Protection Journalists’ Bank.

The fourth is to highlight key points. This year, we will focus on the general survey and collection of agricultural germplasm resources, the confirmation and listing of protected units, the registration of agricultural germplasm resources, the exchange of agricultural germplasm resources and information, the formulation of development plans for the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, the accurate appraisal and evaluation of agricultural germplasm resources, and the construction of innovative germplasm trading platforms, and promote the comprehensive implementation of the Opinions in an orderly manner.

The fifth is to consolidate responsibility. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will take the lead in refining the timetable and road map for the implementation of the Opinions, introduce the implementation plan in a timely manner, supervise and dispatch the implementation in conjunction with relevant departments, and conduct interviews and admonitions, informed criticism or accountability and accountability for regions, units and individuals that have failed to promote their work and fail to implement their responsibilities, and regularly report the progress of their work to the State Council to ensure that the objectives and tasks set out in the Opinions are implemented.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Wuhan, July 15th Title: The first day of "Seven Downs and Eight Ups": The flood control of the Yangtze River has entered a critical period and the situation is still grim.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Siyuan

　　Since the main flood season, heavy rainfall has continued to occur in the Yangtze River basin, and various provinces and cities along the Yangtze River have suffered from floods to varying degrees. What is the current flood situation in the Yangtze River, and what kind of shortcomings does it face? What kind of flood and rain situation will we face in the future? On the first day of the critical period of flood control (from July 15th to August 15th), the reporter walked into the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, which is known as the "brain of flood control in the Yangtze River", and directly attacked the "No.1 flood in the Yangtze River".

　　44-station super police and 2-station super guarantee that the flood control situation in the Yangtze River is still grim

　　Since Jiangxi and Hunan entered the flood season 25 days ahead of schedule on March 6, the precipitation in the Yangtze River basin is generally high. Especially since July, the Yangtze River Basin has been experiencing continuous heavy rainfall. Affected by this, from July 3 to July 15, there were 129 stations in 76 rivers in the Yangtze River basin with floods exceeding the police and above, including 111 stations exceeding the police, 15 stations exceeding the guarantee and 3 stations exceeding the history.

　　Chaojing and above stations are mainly distributed in Yuanjiang River, Zishui River and Xiangjiang River in Dongting Lake system, Poyang Lake system and lake area, Shuiyangjiang River, a tributary of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Among them, the section from Hengshan to Xiangtan River in the lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River has a catastrophic flood with a return period of over 50 years. At 5: 00 on the 13th, the water level in jiujiang railway station rose to the warning level of 20.00 meters, which reached the flood numbering standard according to the Regulations on Flood Numbering of Major Rivers in China, forming the No.1 Flood of the Yangtze River in 2019.

　　The water level gauge of Hankou Hydrological Station, which was taken at 8 am on July 15th. Affected by the continuous rainfall in the upper reaches, the water level in Hubei section of the main stream of the Yangtze River continues to rise. At 14: 00 on July 15th, the water level of Hankou Hydrological Station in the Yangtze River reached 26.09 meters, 1.09 meters higher than the fortification water level (25 meters). Xinhua News Agency reporter Cheng Minshe

　　In the past few days, the rivers and lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have remained high. According to the latest meeting of the Yangtze River Committee, from 8: 00 on July 14th to 8: 00 on July 15th, there were still 44 stations in the Yangtze River Basin that exceeded the police, and 2 stations exceeded the guarantee, with an exceeding range of 0.02 to 4.28 meters. In the Dongting Lake Basin, where the flood is the most tense, the Xiangjiang River is over-police, and Hengyang Station and Xiangtan Station are over-guaranteed.

　　Chen Min, director of the Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Bureau of the Yangtze River Committee, said that at present, the highest water level has appeared at Qilishan Station, the Dongting Lake export control station, and the flood is advancing downstream. The water level at Hankou Station in the main stream will continue to rise slowly, and the water level at Wharf Town Station in the main stream will exceed the police on the 16th, and the flood at Hukou Station and jiujiang railway station will continue to rise to around the 17th, when the maximum exceeding police level will be about 1m.

　　Chen Min said that the flood control situation in the Yangtze River is still grim. Through consultation, the Yangtze River Committee continued to issue a yellow flood warning and maintained a Class III emergency response to flood prevention in the Yangtze River.

　　Watch out for the "sharp turn of drought and flood" when the rainfall area moves westward to the middle and lower reaches

　　Flood control experts said that in the future, affected by the western Pacific subtropical high extending westward and northward, the rainfall center area will be transferred from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the upper reaches, and the flood control of the Yangtze River will enter a critical period.

　　The hydrometeorological forecast shows that there will be a new round of rainfall in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Han River in the coming week. From 15th to 17th, there was moderate to heavy rain and local heavy rain from west to east in the north of the main stream of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. From 18th to 20th, there were moderate to heavy rains and local rainstorms in the middle and lower reaches of Jinsha River, Jialing River, Minjiang River, near the main stream of the upper reaches of Yangtze River and Wujiang River. On the 21st, the rainfall center moved northward to Jialing River and Minjiang River Basin.

　　Ding Shengxiang, director of the Dispatching Department of the Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Bureau of the Yangtze River Committee, said that according to the current water and rain situation and considering the rainfall in the foreseeable period, it is estimated that the inflow of the Three Gorges Reservoir will have a flood process of about 40,000 cubic meters per second around the 21st.

　　The ship sailed into the waters of the Yangtze River (left) from the Han River (right) (photographed by drone on July 15). Xinhua News Agency reporter Cheng Minshe

　　Chen Min said that the regional shift of rainfall will bring a "respite" to the two lakes, but this does not mean that the flood control work can be taken lightly. At present, the water level of rivers, lakes and reservoirs is high, and dike projects have experienced long-term immersion, so it is easy to collapse during the water withdrawal period. At the same time, the weather forecast shows that there is no obvious rainfall process in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from now until the beginning of August, so we need to be alert to the "sudden turn of flood and drought" and the "second plum blossom" in the middle and lower reaches similar to that in 1998.

　　Chen Min emphasized that there are many rivers and large river basins in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and moderate to heavy rain can cause large floods. According to the current situation and forecast of water and rain, the possibility of basin flood in the Yangtze River basin this year is lower than that predicted before the flood season, but the possibility still exists.

　　Weak links still exist and can be supplemented by non-engineering measures.

　　Many rounds of heavy rainfall have caused many dangers in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. According to the situation reported by the Water Resources Department of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, the heavy rainfall in early July alone caused 19 dangers in the water system of the two lakes, including 8 dangers in reservoirs and 11 dangers in dikes.

　　"After years of construction, the flood control and disaster reduction capacity of the Yangtze River basin has been significantly improved. However, due to the contradiction between the huge flood volume of the Yangtze River and the safe discharge of the river, judging from the dangerous situations and disasters reported in various places this year, there are still some weak links in the flood control and disaster reduction system of the Yangtze River." Chen Min said.

　　This is a village in Meidong Village, Jiuwei Town, Jinchengjiang District, Hechi City, Guangxi Province, which was affected by floods and caused road interruption (photographed by drone on July 14). Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhou Hua photo

　　First of all, the flood control capacity of tributaries and lakes is still low. Flood control experts said that the main tributaries and important lake dikes in the Yangtze River basin have wide areas and long lines, weak foundations and poor dike quality. This year, there have been many dangers of excessive flood dykes in Xiangjiang River in Hunan Province, and major dangers such as dike collapse have also occurred in Maquanwei, Xinjiang, Jiangxi Province.

　　Secondly, the pressure on the safety of small and medium-sized reservoirs is great. There are 51,200 reservoirs in the Yangtze River basin, including more than 49,000 small and medium-sized reservoirs. One third of the small and medium-sized reservoirs are in danger to varying degrees. In recent years, the state has intensified the reinforcement and construction of dangerous reservoirs, but it has not been cured. During the previous unannounced inspection, the Yangtze River Committee also found that the "three responsible persons" and "three key links" of some small and medium-sized reservoirs have not been fully implemented.

　　Chen Min said that in the long run, it is imperative to make up the shortcomings of water conservancy projects. It is necessary to continue to carry out the short-board construction of flood control and drought relief water conservancy projects, improve the flood control engineering system of the basin, and improve the flood control and disaster reduction capacity of the basin. At the same time, it is also necessary to upgrade the construction of non-engineering measures to the same height as the shortcomings of water conservancy projects, and effectively strengthen hydrological monitoring and forecasting, water project scheduling, flood control safety management, and laws and regulations. In the process of defending against the rainstorm and flood in early July, the water conservancy department lowered the starting water level by dispatching the pre-discharge of Zhexi Reservoir, so that the flood that may exceed the guarantee of 1.5 meters was controlled below the warning water level.

　　What do you think of the flood this year? —— Information connection from Emergency Management Department, Ministry of Water Resources and China Meteorological Bureau.

[Global Network Technology Reporter Chen Jian]Xiaomi officially launched a new brand of Xiaomi ecological chain-"MIJIA Mijia" to upgrade the Xiaomi ecological chain strategically. In the future, Xiaomi smart home products will fully launch the brand of "MIJIA Mijia" (hereinafter referred to as "Mijia"). The first product of Mijia brand-rice cooker also appeared at the same time.

Xiaomi not only makes high-quality products, but also "makes" excellent startups.

The appearance of Xiaomi’s mobile phone more than four years ago has promoted the progress of the whole mobile phone industry in China, and Lei Jun is not only satisfied with this, but also wants to "promote the upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry with the concept of new domestic products". Lei Jun believes that after studying Premier Li Keqiang’s work report, he is deeply touched by the "artisan spirit" and wants Xiaomi’s entrepreneurial spirit to drive the study of various manufacturing industries in the country.

In the past two years, Xiaomi Eco-chain has invested a total of 55 startups, which is equivalent to a new startup joining Xiaomi Eco-chain every 15 days in the past two years, including 29 startups hatched from scratch, such as Fang Zhimi Technology, a product of Xiaomi air purifier, and Fang Yun Mi Technology, a product of Xiaomi water purifier. According to Lei Jun, at present, more than 20 of the 55 startup companies invested by Xiaomi Eco-chain have successively launched their own products, and these products have won 28 international design awards.

Lei Jun introduced Xiaomi Eco-chain and made many achievements. For example, he said that the annual sales of air purifiers produced by Zhimi Technology exceeded 1 million units, the total sales of mobile power supplies produced by Zimi Technology exceeded 46.9 million units, and the total sales of bracelets produced by Huami Technology exceeded 18.5 million units. The shipments represented that the products produced by these Xiaomi Eco-chain enterprises were recognized by the market and users. In addition, the reporter also learned that among these 55 millet eco-chain enterprises, 7 have emerged with annual sales of 100 million yuan, and 2 have annual sales of more than 1 billion yuan.

Xiaomi uses the concept of "new domestic products" to promote a new upgrade of the industry.

Lei Jun once again unveiled the Xiaomi ecological chain to the public. In the past two years, in addition to Xiaomi mobile phone (Xiaomi tablet), Xiaomi TV (Xiaomi box) and Xiaomi Routing, other products, including air purifier, water purifier, mobile power supply and mi band, all came from these 55 Xiaomi ecological chain enterprises, that is to say, in addition to the three types of products produced by Xiaomi itself, 55 companies are producing various Xiaomi ecological chain products. Xiaomi is not simply investing in startups. Eco-chain investment is the values, methodology and existing resources of products exported by Xiaomi, including e-commerce platforms, marketing teams, brands and so on.

Xiaomi ecological chain is silently affecting one industry after another, and many products have been welcomed and imitated by various tributes after their launch. On March 29th, Xiaomi Company announced the strategic upgrade of Xiaomi ecological chain, and launched a brand-new brand of Xiaomi ecological chain-Mijia Mijia. The brand Mijia is taken from two keywords in Xiaomi’s smart family, and its brand concept is "to be a work of art in life". Its LOGO design is inspired by the reliable shield, which symbolizes reliable quality, and at the same time, it is like a cat full of life interest, which symbolizes that products are developed for life. Lei Jun once again stressed that "the mission of Xiaomi Eco-chain is to promote the upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry with the concept of new domestic products."

On December 29th, local time, the Italian government approved a decree, which strictly restricted the ships of non-governmental charitable organizations from carrying out illegal boat rescue operations in the Mediterranean, aiming at reducing the number of illegal immigrants entering the coastal areas of Italy. Many international aid groups are dissatisfied with this new regulation, saying that the rescue may be delayed and more illegal immigrants will die.

According to DPA, according to the new regulations, the rescue ship must sail to the designated port immediately after completing a rescue, and cannot continue to rescue other ships in distress carrying illegal immigrants at sea; Usually, the rescue boat will find a port to dock after rescuing a number of migrants in distress. Violation of the new regulations will result in a fine of up to 50,000 euros. If the regulations are repeatedly violated, the rescue boat may be confiscated or detained.

In addition, the new regulations require the rescued person to indicate whether he intends to apply for asylum, which European Union country to apply for asylum, and fill in the application materials before disembarking.

Among the main smuggling routes into the EU, Italy is the main entry point from North Africa to Europe via the Mediterranean Sea. These illegal immigrants often cross the sea in crowded and crude boats, and many people die halfway.

The Associated Press quoted data from the Italian Ministry of the Interior as saying that more than 103,000 illegal immigrants have arrived in Italy this year, an increase of 55% over the same period last year.

According to the Italian government, the reason why the actions of civilian rescue boats are restricted is because such actions attract more illegal immigrants to embark on the road of smuggling, which actually provides convenience for smugglers in the Mediterranean. In November this year, the Italian government once refused to dock two rescue boats carrying hundreds of rescued people, which triggered criticism.

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia meloni said at the year-end press conference on the 29th that the new regulations will make those NGOs that carry out the rescue of migrants at sea act in accordance with international law.

In addition to the new regulations, the ports of call designated by the Italian government are moving farther and farther north, away from the smuggling routes of immigrants.

The European humanitarian relief agency "Mediterranean Emergency Help Organization" said on the 29th that its rescue ship "Viking at Sea" rescued 113 people from an overloaded rubber boat two days ago, including many pregnant women, three newborns and 30 unaccompanied children, and is now heading for the northern Italian port city of Lavaine. It is far from the central Mediterranean route and takes four days to arrive.

Oliver Kulikovski, from the German Ocean Watch, said that the new Italian regulations will lead to more drowning incidents. "If more people are in distress at sea and rescue boats are forced to enter the port, it will violate the rescue obligation.".

In recent years, the tide of smuggling has intensified, and Mediterranean countries such as Italy, Cyprus, Greece and Malta have been under pressure. They criticized other EU countries for not fully fulfilling their commitments in sharing the burden of accepting illegal immigrants.

catalogue

Scene 1 General fire fighting and rescue

Scene 2 high temperature and strong thermal radiation area

Scenario 3 General emergency rescue

Scene 4 Rescue in Deep Well and Confined Space

Scene 5 water rescue

Scene 6 hazardous chemicals area

Scene 7 disposal of blood area

Scene 8 Earthquake, Geological and Meteorological Disasters

Scene 9 Picking a hornet’s nest

Scene 10 Live (explosive) area

Scenario 11 Safety Protection for Correspondents and Drivers

Scene 1 General fire fighting and rescue

Correct example:

Protective equipment: air respirator, face mask, full set of fire fighting suit, fire belt, fire axe, safety hook, fire safety rope, fire helmet, fire gloves, call for help, hand desk, flame retardant headgear, directional light, etc.

Protection requirements: according to the fire hazards, wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating procedures and related standards, and ensure the protection effect. Ensure that the equipment can fit properly, fasten all buttons and cables, and fasten all kinds of belts and shoelaces. Do not wear non-standard or expired protective equipment, and do not carry hard objects unrelated to combat training with you.

Example of error:

Wrong operation:

1. The hat is not properly adjusted, worn loosely, and the empty belt is not fastened.

2, air respirator pressure is insufficient, not more than 25mpa.

3. Fire gloves and boots were damaged and not replaced in time.

4. The mask obviously has air tightness problems, and there is no flame retardant hood.

Scene 2 high temperature and strong thermal radiation area

Correct example:

Protective equipment:

Air respirator, mask, full set of heat insulation clothes, full set of fire protection clothes, etc.

Protection requirements: wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating procedures and related standards to ensure the protection effect. Ensure that the equipment can fit properly, wear air respirator well, strengthen daily inspection, and do not use it if it is damaged.

Note: the thermal insulation suit can’t touch the flame, otherwise it will be damaged; Fire-proof clothing can resist flame burning. The radiant heat resistance temperature is generally 1000 degrees for heat insulation clothing and 1800 degrees for fire protection clothing.

Example of error:

Wrong operation:

1. Failing to wear gloves for heat insulation clothing as required.

2. Failing to wear thermal insulation clothing and shoe covers as required.

Scene 3 general emergency rescue

Correct example:

Protective equipment:

Emergency helmet, emergency rescue suit, emergency rescue boots, goggles, headlights, hand desk, emergency rescue gloves, etc.

Protection requirements: wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating rules and relevant standards, ensure the protection effect, ensure that the equipment can fit, strengthen daily inspection, and do not use it if it is damaged. Wear goggles and rescue gloves when working.

Example of error:

Wrong operation:

1. Failure to wear goggles as required

2. Failing to wear rescue boots as required.

3. Failure to wear anti-cutting gloves as required

Scene 4 Rescue in Deep Well and Confined Space

Correct example:

Protective equipment: rescue helmet, rescue suit, rescue boots, goggles, head lamp, hand platform, rescue gloves, air respirator, mask and mobile air supply.

Protection requirements: wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating rules and relevant standards, ensure the protection effect, ensure that the equipment can fit, strengthen daily inspection, and do not use it if it is damaged. Enter deep wells, confined and enclosed spaces, use air respirator and move gas supply sources to eliminate dangers.

Note: temporarily in a closed space, no fresh air supply, extremely low oxygen content in the well, coupled with some perishable objects, temporary fermentation mildew, easy to form a large number of flammable and toxic gases accumulation, flammable and toxic gases; There are many emergencies. You must take full personal protection before taking action.

Scene 5 water rescue

Correct example:

Protective equipment: water rescue helmet, rescue suit, rescue boots, headlights, fire life jackets, torrent life jackets, safety ropes, safety hooks, etc.

Protection requirements: wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating rules and relevant standards, ensure the protection effect, ensure that the equipment can fit, strengthen daily inspection, and do not use it if it is damaged.

Error example

Error operation

1, water rescue shall not wear civilian life jackets.

2, water rescue shall not wear boots.

3, water rescue shall not wear ordinary helmet.

Scene 6 hazardous chemicals area

Correct example

Protective equipment: heavy chemical protective clothing, light chemical protective clothing, air respirator, face mask and necessary equipment according to the relevant environment.

Protection requirements: wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating rules and relevant standards, ensure the protection effect, ensure that the equipment can fit, strengthen daily inspection, and do not use it if it is damaged. Pay attention to check whether the air tightness is good, and do not use outdated equipment.

Note: Heavy chemical protective clothing (Grade I) should be worn when working in the hazardous area where hazardous chemicals leak. Light chemical protective clothing (Grade II) should be worn when working in light and dangerous areas. Wash the chemical protective clothing thoroughly before unloading, and do not directly contact the surface of the chemical protective clothing during unloading.

Example of error:

Error operation

1. The head of chemical protective clothing is obviously not well worn, and the head shows a big gap.

2. The belt of chemical protective clothing is not fastened

3. Insufficient pressure in air respirator.

Scene 7 disposal of blood area

Correct example

Protective equipment: rescue helmet, rescue suit, rescue boots, goggles, headlights, medical masks, medical gloves, etc.

Protection requirements: wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating rules and relevant standards, ensure the protection effect, ensure that the equipment can fit, strengthen daily inspection, and do not use it if it is damaged. Pay attention to personal hygiene and replace disposable medical supplies in time.

Scene 8 Earthquake, Geological and Meteorological Disasters

Correct example:

Protective equipment: rescue helmet, rescue suit, rescue boots, goggles, headlights, medical masks, emergency rescue kits (safety ropes, sabers, first aid kits, raincoats, etc.), elbow pads and knee pads, etc.

Protection requirements: wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating rules and relevant standards, ensure the protection effect, ensure that the equipment can fit, strengthen daily inspection, and do not use it if it is damaged. Ensure that all kinds of rescue equipment are complete and expired items are replaced in time.

Scene 9 Picking a hornet’s nest

Correct example

Protective equipment: anti-bee suit (set), insecticide, etc.

Protection requirements: wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating rules and relevant standards, ensure the protection effect, ensure that the equipment can fit, strengthen daily inspection, and do not use it if it is damaged. Fasten all buttons and do not work with sharp objects.

Scene 10 Live (explosive) area

Correct example:

Protective equipment: insulating clothing (sets), electroscope, anti-static clothing (complete sets, suitable for inflammable and explosive places), etc.

Protection requirements: wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating rules and relevant standards, ensure the protection effect, ensure that the equipment can fit, strengthen daily inspection, and do not use it if it is damaged. Do not work with sharp objects, and do not come into contact with corrosive substances such as oil, acid and alkali.

Scenario 11 Safety Protection for Correspondents and Drivers

Correct example:

Protective equipment: fire helmet, fire fighting suit, fire fighting boots, fire gloves, directional lights, hand desk, communication suit, communication equipment, etc.

Protection requirements: wear clothes in strict accordance with the requirements, strictly abide by the operating rules and relevant standards, ensure the protection effect, ensure that the equipment can fit, strengthen daily inspection, and do not use it if it is damaged. Strengthen the dress awareness of correspondents and drivers, and do not miss the dress.

Example of error:

Error operation

1. The correspondent did not wear protective gloves.

2. The driver is not wearing a protective helmet

Original title: "Correct Demonstration, Wrong Demonstration and Operation of Firefighters Wearing Various Protective Clothing"

Read the original text

　　Affected by Typhoon Likima, a serious flood disaster occurred in Ningguo City, Anhui Province recently, and more than 110,000 people were affected. After the disaster, there was a warm heart scene: on August 14th, the office of Ningguo Municipal People’s Government received five "registered letters", each containing 2,000 yuan, a total of 10,000 yuan in donations, all of which were signed "Zhufeng Town Pingyi". Immediately, the local authorities started a spontaneous relay to find the anonymous donor. With the exposure of anonymous’s true identity, the donor who moved Ningguo has moved China.

　　Who is he?

　　Five anonymous donation letters triggered a search for good people in the city.

　　Affected by typhoon "Lichima", flash floods broke out in many places in Ningguo, Anhui Province recently, and roads were destroyed and houses collapsed, causing more than 110,000 people to be affected. After the disaster, at 4: 00 pm on August 14th, the office of Ningguo Municipal People’s Government received five registered letters: each envelope contained 2,000 yuan, totaling 10,000 yuan, all signed as "Zhufeng Town Pingyi".

　　The staff of the Ningguo People’s Government Office told the Beijing Youth Daily reporter: "The letter is anonymous and there is no indication of the purpose of the money, but we speculate that it should be a donation." After the news of anonymous donation was exposed, it attracted the attention of local netizens. Everyone forwarded the tracing message one after another, wondering who the donor named "Zhufeng Town Pingyi" was, and even more wanting to know the story behind the anonymous donor.

　　"We immediately found the post office where the letter was sent through the postmark." The staff said that they learned from the surveillance video of Ningguo East Post Hall that the letter was sent on August 13th, and the sender was an old man with the words "Ningguo Sanitation" printed on his clothes.

　　"Everyone attaches great importance to this matter and immediately entrusts us to find someone." The relevant staff of Ningguo Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that because the surveillance video was relatively clear, the Environmental Sanitation Department immediately organized the heads of various companies to identify and basically confirmed the identity of the elderly. The old man named Le Jinmei, 72 years old, lives in Hongjiata Village, Wayaopu Village, Zhufeng Street, and is a sanitation worker.

　　found it

　　Old people are usually very frugal, and their families are sick and embarrassed.

　　When the Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau initially determined that the old man who donated money was Le Jinmei, Director Li of the Civilization Office of Zhufeng Sub-district Office visited the house. "He is an ordinary sanitation worker, his family is not rich, and his walls are all rough and cement."

　　On August 16th, the reporter of Beiqing Daily contacted Le Fazhi, the son of Le Jinmei, an old man who donated money. "My father took advantage of his family to donate10,000 yuan, and the family only knew about it after seeing the tracing information in the circle of friends." Le Fazhi said that although he confirmed that it was his father at the first sight when he saw the video, he still couldn’t believe it. "He didn’t admit that he donated money at first. I asked again and again before he told me that the money was donated to the villagers affected by the typhoon."

　　"When I first learned the news of my father’s donation, my family didn’t quite understand it." Le Fazhi said frankly, "The family’s economic situation is not very good, and 10,000 yuan is not a small amount for us." Le Fazhi told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that his father had been a sanitation worker for more than ten years. "He had been farming at home before, and later, because he was too old to do farm work, he began to work as a sanitation worker to support his family." According to Le Fazhi, my father’s monthly salary and meal allowance add up to only 2,065 yuan. "He is reluctant to spend money himself at ordinary times, and he can carry it when he is sick. The money saved should be saved."

　　Talking about the recent situation at home, Le Fazhi said: "The family has not been calm recently and spent a lot of money." His mother broke her hand when she fell last year, and his wife was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma at the beginning of this year. The treatment has cost about 150,000 yuan. When the reporter of Beiqing Daily contacted Le Fazhi, he was working in a chicken farm. "I went out to work at 9 o’clock last night, and I couldn’t go home all night. Our family are farmers and earn hard money." When talking about his wife’s follow-up treatment expenses, Le Fazhi said: "The current economic situation can still be sustained. Let’s take it one step at a time."

　　Too touched

　　I just want to make a silent contribution. The donation has been used for disaster relief.

　　Although the father donated money behind his family’s back, the old man’s explanation afterwards convinced him to be happy. In 1991, Le Fazhi’s family was flooded. With the help of all walks of life, the collapsed river bank in the village was rebuilt, and every household received rice distributed by the government. "Our family weathered the storm with the help of everyone. My father is old and always wants to make some contributions to society."

　　Le Fazhi said that when the typhoon hit, my father learned about the collapse of houses in the mountains through TV, and many people lost contact because of the flood. "Compared with the people affected by the disaster, although our family has poor economic conditions, at least the whole family is together, and my father wants to do his little to help them." Le Fazhi also told the reporter, "Zhufeng Town is the place name here, because it needs to be signed when sending a letter, so he improvised ‘ Pingyi ’ This fake name. "

　　When it comes to this father’s donation, Le Fazhi is not surprised when he thinks about it. "This is not the first time my father has done good deeds. In the 1980s, my father donated money to Shuguang Primary School in the village to help the school transform its teaching facilities. In the early 1990 s, the Fangkengwu Group repaired the bridge, and the poor father also donated more than 200 yuan. " For his father’s repeated donations, Le Fazhi said that he only learned after listening to others. "My father quietly donated without telling us."

　　"This time, he is the same. He just wants to do something for the people affected by the disaster and doesn’t want others to know." Le Fazhi told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that Le Jinmei did not expect that everyone would find him through the monitoring of the post office. "My father is very embarrassed now. He never thought that doing this would have such a big impact."

　　The relevant staff of the Ningguo People’s Government Office said that at present, donations from the elderly have been donated to charitable associations for local disaster relief work.

　　Text/reporter Zhang Ya Intern reporter Zhao Yihan

　　Co-ordination/Chi Haibo