Revision of General Provincial Highway Network Planning in Anhui Province (2022-2035)

In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, solidly promote the implementation of the Outline of Building a Powerful Traffic Country, the Outline of the National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Traffic Network Planning and the Outline of the Comprehensive Three-dimensional Traffic Network Planning of Anhui Province, fully link up the National Highway Network Planning, optimize and improve the ordinary provincial highway network, strongly support the construction of a strong traffic province, and strive to be a pioneer in the construction of a modern and beautiful Anhui Province. The planning period is up to.In 2035.

  First, the foundation of development

(1) Implementation of the last round of planning

The general provincial highway network planning in Anhui province (2016 -2030) It is clear that the total size of provincial highways in ordinary countries is about 23,320 kilometers, of which the ordinary national highway consists of 3 capital radial lines, 7 north-south longitudinal lines, 12 east-west transverse lines and 2 connecting lines, with a mileage of 7,641 kilometers; Ordinary provincial roads are composed of 5 radial lines, 55 north-south longitudinal lines, 49 east-west transverse lines, 95 tie lines (including 15 long-term prospect lines) and 6 loop lines, with a mileage of 15,679 kilometers. Since the promulgation and implementation of the plan, it has effectively guided the construction of ordinary national and provincial highways in the province. The trunk highway network has been continuously improved and the technical level has been steadily improved, which has played an important role in promoting economic and social development and optimizing industrial layout.byBy the end of 2022, the total mileage of ordinary national highways in our province was 23,382 kilometers, and the road network density was 16.7 kilometers/100 square kilometers, including 15,876 kilometers of ordinary provincial highways (including 416 kilometers of built prospect lines) and 8,550 kilometers of second-class and above sections, accounting for 53.9%.

Standing at a new historical starting point, facing the new situation of building a modern economic system and a socialist modern power in an all-round way, and the proposal of the provincial party Committee and government to buildWith the new requirements of "three places and one district" and building "seven strong provinces", the common national and provincial highways still need to be strengthened in terms of inter-provincial interconnection, efficient access to cities and counties, coverage of important economic nodes, river-crossing development and integration with other modes of transportation, and the quality and efficiency of development need to be further improved.

(2) The situation requires

At present, our province is in a critical period of rising period, with strong kinetic energy and great potential. The development opportunities and challenges are facing new changes. The superposition of national strategies, scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the acceleration of service to build a new development pattern have put forward new and higher requirements for ordinary provincial roads to better play their leading and basic guarantee roles.

1.Serving the implementation of major national strategies requires ordinary provincial roads to further improve the level of interconnection..With the integration of the Yangtze River Delta, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the central regionriseWith the in-depth implementation of the national strategy, the development process of regional integration has been accelerating. As the foundation and main skeleton of the province’s comprehensive three-dimensional traffic network, ordinary provincial roads should be further improved.andThe level of connectivity of neighboring provinces, close regional spatial ties, and promote regional economic and social integration with transportation integration.

2.Service accelerates the construction of a new development pattern, which requires ordinary provincial roads to continuously improve the coverage level of important nodes..The Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Provincial Party Committee stressed that it is necessary to actively serve and integrate into the new development pattern and firmly grasp the creation.The strategic positioning of "three places and one district" will accelerate the construction of "seven strong provinces" and strive to promote the high-quality development of the province to achieve new breakthroughs. As an important infrastructure connecting the central cities and major economic zones in the province, ordinary provincial roads should focus on strengthening the coverage of important economic nodes such as towns and tourist attractions, and effectively promote the orderly and efficient flow of factor resources.Meet that need of stable and smooth supply chain of industrial chain,Support Anhui to better integrate into the national unified market and smooth the domestic and international double cycle.

3.Improving the overall efficiency of the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network requires the strengthening of ordinary provincial roads and the overall coordination of other modes of transportation..To build a modern and high-quality comprehensive three-dimensional traffic network, it is required that the ordinary provincial highway network should strengthen the overall coordination with other modes of transportation, strengthen the connection and conversion function with important port areas, high-speed railway station, airports and other transportation hubs, pay attention to the effective connection with urban traffic and other levels of highway networks, promote the optimization of transportation structure, and promote the overall efficiency of the comprehensive three-dimensional traffic network.

4.Promote the countryThe realization of the goal of "double carbon" requires ordinary provincial roads to pay more attention to the transformation of development mode..Achieving carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions is an inherent requirement for fully implementing the new development concept, building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development. It is also a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee to coordinate the overall situation at home and abroad. Ordinary provincial highway networks should pay more attention to green and low-carbon development, pay attention to the development and protection of land space, and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in the whole life cycle; More emphasis on technological innovation and empowerment, focusing on the integration and development with new infrastructure and related industries.

five.To meet the people’s new needs for a better life, ordinary provincial roads are required to accelerate the pace of high-quality development..Urbanization levelThe continuous improvement of the industrial base and the acceleration of the modernization of the industrial chain have driven the steady growth of passenger and freight demand in the province.High quality, diversification and personalizationPassenger transportDemand is increasing,The rapid growth of freight demand with high added value and strong effectiveness requires ordinary provincial highways to speed up the improvement of road network layout, optimize road network structure, comprehensively improve service level, and provide strong support for high-quality economic and social development.

Second, the overall requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we should thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, conscientiously implement the important guiding spirit of the important speech of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on Anhui’s work and the requirements of the Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the Eleventh Provincial Party Committee, adhere to the people-centered principle, base ourselves on the new development stage, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, serve and integrate into the new development pattern, and firmly grasp the integration of the Yangtze River Delta, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the central region.riseDevelopment opportunities such as the superposition of national strategies, give full play to the location advantages along the Yangtze River and offshore, and focus on promoting high-quality development.Excellent network, strong coverage, smooth connectivity and promotion of upgrading"As the focus, optimize and improve the general provincial highway network layout, and constantly improve the comprehensive transportation development level, for the comprehensive construction.Modernize Anhui, strive to write a Chinese-style modern Anhui chapter and be a pioneer.

(2) Planning principles

Leading first, leading moderately.Adhere to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand,To meet the people’s travel.demandandeconomySocial development needsaskAs the starting point and the foothold,Coordinate fairness and efficiency, strengthen regional coordination, and give full play to the basic and leading role of ordinary provincial roads.Moderate leadPlan the scale and layout of ordinary provincial roads.

Focus on key points and supply accurately..Based on the new requirements of building a modern and beautiful Anhui in an all-round way, we will focus on supporting regional integration, covering important economic nodes, breaking through the bottleneck of crossing rivers and speeding upDevelopment priorities such as "integration into the group", precise efforts, expanding high-quality incremental supply, and achieving a higher level of dynamic balance between supply and demand.

Overall coordination and integration.Strengthen ordinary darts andExpressway, national highway, rural highway, water transportation, railway,aviation, urban roads, etc.Organic cohesion,Improve the efficiency and level of comprehensive transportation..Promote the co-construction and sharing of highway infrastructure, and promote deep integration with culture, tourism and industry along the route.Serve the economic development of transportation industry.

Innovative wisdom, green security.Pay attention to scientific and technological innovation and empowerment, apply modern information technologies such as the Internet and big data, promote the construction of smart roads, and improve highway safety and service support capabilities. Adhere to ecological priority, intensively use resources, reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, and strive to build green roads to achieve harmonious development between roads and nature.

(3) Planning objectives

arrive2035In, the general national and provincial highway network with perfect network, reasonable layout, close connection and efficient operation was fully formed and basically realized."Fast inter-provincial access, efficient and smooth cities and counties, comprehensive coverage of township nodes, deep integration of important scenic spots, convenient communication of transportation hubs, effective relief of river bottlenecks, and obvious improvement of urban transit efficiency". The leading role of ordinary national and provincial highways in the development of national land space is increasingly prominent, the service function of industrial structure optimization is continuously improved, and the supporting role of economic and social development is continuously enhanced.

The network is more perfect.The common provincial highway and the common national highway together form a common trunk highway network that spans east and west, runs through north and south, covers the whole province and connects provinces. Form expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways throughout the province.One master and one standby."Road network pattern, Anhui ProvincefouraxisfiveporchsixThe main skeleton of the comprehensive three-dimensional traffic network with "corridor" basically forms "one main and many standby"Double master and multiple standby"Road network pattern.

The layout is more reasonable.The distance between adjacent parallel roads of ordinary national and provincial roads is controlled in10Km or so, basically realized."National roads lead to counties and provincial roads lead to towns"; Inter-provincial exports continue to be encrypted, and the level of inter-provincial interconnection continues to improve; The network layout of key areas in the province is more optimized, and the cities and counties are efficient and smooth; The layout of river-crossing and Huai-crossing channels is more perfect, and the bottleneck of road network is effectively alleviated; Accelerate the construction of the tourism ring line, and further promote the integration of transportation and tourism; The urban transit plan is constantly optimized, and the development of roads and cities is more coordinated.

The connection is closer.realizeThe common national and provincial highways have developed in harmony with other modes of transportation, the function of connecting facilities has been continuously strengthened, the level of intensive integration and utilization of resources has been continuously improved, the connection of various modes of transportation has become more convenient and efficient, the collection and distribution system has been further improved, and the overall efficiency of comprehensive transportation has been effectively improved.

Run more efficiently.Basically realize all villages and towns,fourALevel and above scenic spots, provincial development zones and industrial parks and other important economic nodes.15Within minutes, you can go to ordinary national and provincial highways, important port areas, high-speed general interchange, high-speed railway station and other important transportation hubs.10Within minutes, you can go to the ordinary national and provincial roads, which strongly supports the construction of a modern economic system.

Third, the planning scheme

(A) the total scale

Plan toIn 2035, the total mileage of ordinary national highways in our province is about 26,205 kilometers, and the road network density is about 18.7 kilometers/100 square kilometers; Among them, the ordinary national highway is about 8300 kilometers, and the ordinary provincial highway is about 17905 kilometers.

1. Ordinary national highway

According to the National Highway Network Planning, there are common national highways in our province.29, the mileage is about8300 kilometers. The specific composition of the route is as follows:

table1 Anhui ordinary national highway planning route and mileage situation

2Ordinary provincial highway

Common provincial highwayThere are 249 lines, including 5 radial lines, 55 vertical lines, 48 horizontal lines, 131 tie lines and 10 loop lines, with a total mileage of 17,905 kilometers. See the annex for the specific route composition.

(2) Layout plan

oneOverall layout

The layout scheme of ordinary national roads has been clearly defined in the National Highway Network Planning, and the key points of this planning aresureLayout scheme and composition of ordinary provincial roads.

(1) Radiation, which is the connection line between Hefei and other cities in the province, has a total of 5 lines with a planned mileage of 1,143 kilometers, including Hefei.Huaibei and HefeiFuyang and HefeiHuangshan and HefeiXuancheng and HefeiMaanshan.

(2) There are 55 longitudinal lines and north-south trunk highways.Total mileage6694Kilometers, such as East Union.-Huangshan, Miao ‘an-Zipeng, Xinxing-Banzhuyuan, etc.

(3) There are 48 horizontal lines and east-west trunk highways, with a planned total mileage.fifty-six48Kilometers, like a mound.-Yingdong, Cross-Madian, Huyang-Tiechong, etc.

(4) There are 131 connecting lines and provincial network lines, which mainly meet the needs of inter-provincial connection, node coverage and hub connectivity, with a planned total mileage.3929Kilometers, such as Suixi-Qiao Liu, Li Xing.Linquan and Bowang-Yintang, etc.

(5) Ring road, with 10 lines depending on important tourist attractions, with a planned total mileage of 491km, including Chaohu Lake, Nvshan Lake, Wanfo Lake and Huannanyi.Lake, Taiping Lake, Huangshan Mountain, Jiaogang Lake, Tianzhu Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Huating Lake.

2. Add and adjust routes in this round of revision.

Add and adjust the route in this round of planning revisionArticle 112, total net increasemileage2322 kilometers;Among them, new56, with a net increase of 1,445 kilometers, 39 extensions, a net increase of 830 kilometers, and 17 local route adjustments, with a net increase of 47 kilometers. According to the route function, new and adjusted routes are divided into eight types:

——Accelerate regional integration development.Add and adjust routes19Article, including newArticle 11, such as NanqiaoPukou and Tiantangzhai-Luotian, Gaochun-Beaver Bridge, etc. extendfiveArticle, such as the holy spring.-Wangjiaba, etc. Local route adjustmentthreeArticles such as Hefei-Fuyang, etc.

-improve the level of inter-city connectivity.Add and adjust routes14 articles, including 8 new articles, such as Chulan-Lieshan and Zipeng.South of the city, DaguanShuang Gang and others; extendsixStrip, such as the old bridge.-First class Lin.

-Deepen the coverage of economic nodes.Add and adjust routes19, including 15 new articles, such as Bai Liu.Jinshe and Zhongguan-River map, Fuxing-Huikou, etc. Extend 4, such as Xuba.Rivers, etc.

-strengthen the connectivity of transportation hubs.Add and adjust routes14 articles, including 6 new articles, such as double heap set.Wugou and ancient cityBaogong, Huangshan West high-speed rail connection line, etc.; extend7, such as Dancheng-Xiyang, etc.; One local route adjustment, namely Maotan Factory-Sun.

-optimize the layout of the port-dredging highway.Add and adjust routes9 articles, including 5 new articles, such as osawa Township-Qi County, Gaohuang-Fenghuang, Shijian-Yanqiao, etc. Extend 4, such as Laozhou-Longtan.

-Promote cross-river (river) linkage development.Add and adjust routes7 articles, including 3 new articles, including new episodes.Zaoxiang and ZhengyangguanSaijian and HuayangIncense corner; extend4, such as Huangwei-Zongpu.

-promote the deep integration of travel.Add and adjust routes7, including 4 new loop lines, including Jiaogang Lake, Tianzhu Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Huating Lake; Based on the planning and layout of scenic spots in southern Anhui and other regions, three scenic spots were added and adjusted, such as Taohuatan-du cun.

-Improve and optimize the road network layout.Add and adjust routes23 articles, including 3 new articles, including Zhuangli.Shuoli and LeichiTaici and YansiXintan; extend7, such as Shiyang-ZhongYaoWait; Local route adjustmentArticle 13, such as Hanting-Wan ‘an, etc.

(3) Naming number

1. Numbering principle

(1) according to the order of radiation first, then vertical and horizontal lines, and then tie lines and loop lines;

(2) For the specific numbering rules, the national standard "Rules for Identification of Highway Routes and National Highway Numbers" (GB/T917 twenty17);

(3) Contact lines numbered S4XX and S5XX, where S5XX is mainly the new route number for this round of revision;

(4) Loop, with independent field, numbered S6.XX。

2. Specific rules

(1) The number consists of 4 digits (S□□□), where "S" reflects the nature of the route as a provincial road; □□□□ is a number, reflecting the type and sequence of routes.

(2) □□□□: The first digit □ indicates the type, and the last two digits □□ indicate the order.

The beginning of "1" indicates the radiation from Hefei, and there are five in total (S101-S105).

The beginning of "2" indicates a vertical line, starting from the northern end of the route and ending at the southern end. They are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the route and numbered sequentially from east to west, totaling 55 (S201-S255).

The beginning of "3" indicates horizontal lines, starting from the eastern end of the route and ending at the western end. They are arranged horizontally and numbered sequentially from north to south, with a total of 48 lines (S301-S347、S34nine)。

"4" and "5" both indicate tie lines, and the starting point of the route is determined according to the direction (the north end of the north-south route is the starting point, and the east end of the east-west route is the starting point), and the starting points are numbered in sequence from north to south. If the starting points have the same latitude, they are numbered in sequence from east to west, totaling 131 (S401-S480, S501-S551).

The beginning of "6" indicates the loop line, and the newly added routes in this round are numbered from north to south, totaling 10 (S601-S610).

(D) the planning effect

1. Inter-provincial connectivity is closer.Plan to add provincial exits of ordinary provincial roads.one6, of which 8 are connected with the Yangtze River Delta and 8 are connected with the central region.eightA. The total number of provincial exports of ordinary countries and provinces isThe number of 137 has increased to 153, including 84 in the direction of the Yangtze River Delta (69 in Jiangsu and 15 in Zhejiang) and 68 in the direction of the central region (45 in Henan, 13 in Hubei and 10 in Jiangxi). The level of inter-provincial interconnection has been further improved, serving our province to link Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang and radiating the "two sectors" of the central and western regions, effectively strengthening the integration of the Yangtze River Delta,Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,midlandriseAnd other major strategic supporting roles have been significantly improved.

2. Important nodes cover a wider range.All towns and villages in the province,4A level and above scenic spots,Development zones and industrial parks above the provincial level are basically realized.onefiveGo to the ordinary national provincial highway within minutes to build"Three places and one district" and the construction of "seven strong provinces" provide strong support.

3. The layout across the river and Huaihe River is more perfect.The cross-river passage of ordinary national and provincial highways consists of8 to 10; The number of cross-Huai passages of provincial highways in ordinary countries has increased from 14 to 21, and the average spacing has changed from26Reduce kilometers to17 kilometers, the passage capacity has been significantly improved, which has promoted the comprehensive development of urban cross-river and cross-Huai integration.

fourIntegrated traffic connection is more efficient.All important transportation hubs in the province, such as important port areas, high-speed general interchange and high-speed railway station, have been realized.10Get on the provincial highway in minutes, noSignificantly improve the efficiency of connecting with the mode of transportation, and promote the development level of comprehensive transportation.effectivePromotion.

5. The function of highway dredging port is more perfect.This round of planning revision adds and adjusts ordinary provincial roads connecting important port areas.9, the total number of ordinary national and provincial roads connecting important port areas in the province.eightnineArticle, realize the province’s important port.100% coverageKey port areas along the Yangtze River, Huaihe River and Jianghuai Canal have been basically realized.Covered by two or more ordinary national highways, the port dredging capacity of highways has been further improved.

sixNetwork security and resilience have been significantly enhanced.Freeways and ordinary national and provincial highways are basically formed throughout the province.For the "one main and one standby" composite highway passage, the main skeleton of the comprehensive three-dimensional traffic network in the province basically realizes the road network layout form of "one main and multiple standby" and "double main and multiple standby", and the network reliability and facility safety are obviously improved.

Iv. implementation arrangements

arrive2025Accelerate the improvement of comprehensive transportation corridor in the Yangtze River Delta in,Strengthen interconnection with the central region,Advance firstprovinceInternational Unicom section construction; Accelerate the construction of the province-the first-class highway backbone network with three levels of connectivity between cities and counties will promote the upgrading and reconstruction of low-grade sections of ordinary provincial roads in key areas and the construction of sections to be connected. More than 2,000 kilometers of secondary and above ordinary provincial highways have been added, and the proportion of secondary and above highways is 60%.

2026-In 2035, we will continue to optimize the structure of ordinary provincial highways, continuously improve the level of inter-provincial and inter-city connectivity, and add secondary and above ordinary provincial highways.three600 kilometers, secondary and above roads account for 80%, of which secondary and above roads in southern Anhui and Dabie Mountains account for more than 70%, and other areas account for more than 85%.

arriveIn 2035, the total investment in the construction of ordinary provincial roads will be about2800100 million yuan, occupying about land.330,000 mu. Among them, 2025Years ago, the total investment in construction was about110 billion yuan, occupying about 130 thousand mu of land.

V. Environmental Impact and Countermeasures

(1) Environmental impact

Planning and implementation of ecological civilization construction requirements, attach importance to green development, planning and implementation need to occupy about330,000 mu of land consumes a certain amount of energy and produces carbon emissions; Some new lines have local spatial conflicts with environmentally sensitive targets such as nature reserves and drinking water sources and the red line of ecological protection, which have been avoided as much as possible in the planning and demonstration stage and will be further optimized in the implementation stage; Waste gas, sewage and noise generated during construction and operation may have certain impact on environmental quality. In the implementation stage, the environmental impact assessment system and the control requirements of "three lines and one order" (red line of ecological protection, bottom line of environmental quality, online utilization of resources, and access list of ecological environment) will be strictly implemented, and environmentally sensitive targets will be reasonably avoided and ecological environmental protection measures will be strengthened. The environmental impact generated by the planning is generally controllable.

(2) Countermeasures and measures

Strengthen ecological protection and restoration.Highway route selection avoids all kinds of environmentally sensitive targets to the maximum extent, and important sensitive areas that cannot be avoided need to cross (cross) from underground or air, and simultaneously carry out original vivid plant protection, wetland connection, wound ecological restoration and animal passage construction.

Strengthen the prevention and control of water environmental pollution.Try to avoid occupying the river and lake space, especially the drinking water source protection area. If it is occupied, it must be used."Closed" drainage and water treatment system, strengthen the sewage treatment during highway construction and operation, reuse the sewage as much as possible during construction, and conditionally incorporate the sewage into the urban sewage pipe network during operation.

Strengthen noise pollution prevention and control.Implement the requirements of noise protection distance in sensitive areas, set up sound barriers in key road sections that may cause noise pollution or take other effective measures to reduce noise.

Strengthen the prevention and control of environmental air pollution.The yard and unpaved pavement shall be watered frequently, and the location of lime-soil and asphalt mixing station and construction access road shall be selected reasonably to minimize the impact of the project on the air quality of nearby villages.

Strengthen the conservation and intensive use of resources.Make full use of traffic corridor resources, adopt advanced land-saving technologies and models, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of traffic infrastructure land, try not to occupy or occupy less cultivated land and basic farmland, promote the application of steel structure bridges, environmentally friendly and durable energy-saving materials, and promote the recycling of waste materials, facilities and equipment, water resources and the resource utilization of tunnel slag.

Strengthen environmental supervision and prevention.Strengthen environmental quality monitoring, ecological environmental protection and risk prevention. Timely discover major adverse environmental impacts and revise environmental protection measures; Establish and improve the ecological compensation mechanism and strengthen the protection and restoration of wild animals and plants; Strengthen the prevention of environmental risks such as vehicle oil spill and chemical leakage, and strengthen the construction of environmental risk emergency response capability.

VI. Safeguard measures

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership.Ordinary national provincial highwayimplement"Co-construction of provinces and cities and giving priority to cities"The people’s governments of cities and counties are responsible for the construction.Body. All localities should strengthen organizational leadership, establish and improve the mechanism of up-and-down linkage and departmental coordination, strengthen coordination and communication with neighboring provinces and cities, and jointly promote the simultaneous planning, construction and operation of inter-provincial and inter-city projects.

(2) Strengthen financial guarantee.We will continue to increase financial input at all levels, promote the improvement and implementation of a multi-channel fund-raising mechanism led by public financial input, and steadily improve the level of financial security. Make full use of the local government bond policy and increase the support of general bonds for ordinary provincial highway construction projects. Explore the joint development mode of common provincial highway construction and resources such as minerals, tourism and industry along the line, and introduce social capital to participate in the construction and operation. Actively strive for the support of financial institutions and constantly broaden financing channels.

(3) Do a good job in planning and implementation.Municipal and county people’s governments and relevant departments should incorporate the planning results into national economic and social development, land space and related special planning, in accordance with"Five-year plan-three-year rolling-annual plan" pushAdvance the mechanism, do a good job in major project construction,Track and master the progress of planned projects in time, strengthen dynamic evaluation,Pay close attention toStrengthen supervision over the implementation of new situations and problems arising in the implementation of the plan,Accelerate the implementation of the plan.

(4) Strengthen factor protection.Strengthen the coordination and overall planning with the land and space planning, and add new planning lines into the land and space basic information platforms at all levels as soon as possible and superimpose them on the land and space planning."One map" ensures the implementation of the project.Strictly implement the system of cultivated land protection and the system of economical and intensive land use, and improve the compound degree of traffic land and the utilization efficiency of land resources. Properly handle the relationship between ecological environmental protection and major infrastructure construction, give priority to avoiding environmentally sensitive areas, and adopt a harmless crossing method if it is really unavoidable. Increase support for land and forest use for transportation infrastructure construction, give priority to indicators, and ensure the demand for land and forest use for key projects.


Chinese, Korean, Japanese and American fried chicken, which do you prefer?

Original Hedgehog Chihuo Institute

Some people say that although we will distinguish each other by nationality, our love for fried chicken makes us one. Who can’t love fried chicken with crispy outside and tender inside, and juice flowing out while dropping slag?

When it comes to fried chicken, many people immediately think of American fried chicken, Korean fried chicken and Japanese fried chicken … In fact, there are many other types of fried chicken.

Fried chicken pexels

01

America

/The birthplace of fried chicken that we often eat/

Fried chicken, the earliest historical source can be traced back to Scotland, and then swept the world in the United States.

The record of fried chicken first appeared in the English menu in 1747, and was called "pickled chicken". Unlike fried chicken now, fried chicken was fried in a frying pan with lard. Later, fried chicken was brought to America by Scottish immigrants.

There is no fire in fried chicken when it first entered the United States. It was not until black people from Africa improved fried chicken with their cooking methods, and it gradually became popular because of its advantages such as easy storage and easy carrying when traveling. By the 20th century, with the continuous expansion of chain fast food restaurants such as KFC, the influence of fried chicken reached the whole world.

Chain fast food restaurants make fried chicken popular all over the world

In America, there are many kinds of fried chicken.

American fried chicken

American southern fried chicken is generally called American fried chicken. When I talk about it, grandpa KFC spins and jumps in his mind. KFC, the full name of Kentucky fried chicken, expresses its preference for fried chicken naked from the name.

American fried chicken often cuts chicken into small pieces, such as chicken breast, chicken wings, wing roots, chicken calves, etc., and wraps it with a mixed flour coat mixed with flour (or bread crumbs) in a certain proportion, such as salt, black pepper, Chili powder, garlic powder, onion powder, eggs or milk, and puts it in a pan for frying. In the frying process, the juice oozing from chicken is perfectly absorbed by the outer flour coat, forming a rich and crisp taste.

Wrapped in a face coat and fried with worms.

There are three common frying methods of American fried chicken: pan frying, frying and baking (a combination of frying and baking).

The difference between them is that frying oil in a pan is most suitable for families, and the amount of oil does not need to be covered with fried chicken. After frying, turn over and continue; Frying needs to cover the deep oil of fried chicken and fry at high temperature; Baking is to steam the soft chicken in a pressure cooker at low temperature and then fry it at high temperature to form a crispy skin.

Creative idea of frying fried chicken

Perhaps it is precisely because of the wild characteristics of American fried chicken, which is not pickled chicken, and is seasoned entirely by surface clothes. Compared with other fried chicken, when the skin is separated, it always feels that its meat has less flavor. However, after the improvement of American fried chicken in chain stores like KFC, it seems that the pickling process has been added.

Chicken is almost tasteless.

Buffalo wings

If American fried chicken is more common in fast food chain stores like KFC, Buffalo wings, another kind of fried chicken in the United States, are more common in craft pubs or western restaurants.

Buffalo chicken wings are also translated into Buffalo chicken wings in some places. Different from American fried chicken, although it is also fried chicken, Buffalo chicken wings generally only choose the position of the middle or the root of the wings, and fried chicken generally has no bread crumbs, flour and other clothes, but only a naked chicken wing, so in addition to the traditional frying method, it will also be cooked by baking or roasting.

Buffalo Chicken Wings, Toxoplasma Creativity

However, if you ask if there is any way to directly distinguish American fried chicken from Buffalo chicken wings, it is really possible to do it at a glance.

If this plate of fried chicken is served not only with a thick layer of maroon sauce but also with root vegetables, it is probably Buffalo wings. Buffalo chicken wings are often wrapped in a layer of cayenne pepper-based hot sauce on fried chicken, and then served with celery sticks or carrot sticks with Rancho cheese sauce or ranch salad sauce (common in other cities except new york).

Buffalo Chicken Wings, Toxoplasma Creativity

As far as I can remember, Buffalo chicken wings always give people a smoky feeling, and they can smell the smell of fireworks baking. The whole fried chicken tastes spicy but not spicy. I don’t know whether it comes from its practice or the hot sauce, and with celery sticks or carrots, I always feel much healthier than eating American fried chicken!

Buffalo Chicken Wings, Toxoplasma Creativity

In the United States, there are not only these two kinds of fried chicken, but also Nashville spicy chicken in Tennessee. This kind of fried chicken can choose different spicy degrees, which can be mild or suspicious of life, and can also be sandwiched with pickles into bread to make fried chicken sandwiches. Of course, according to Americans’ love for fried chicken, fried chicken sandwiches are definitely not enough, as well as fried chicken waffles made with American fried chicken.

Fried Chicken Hamburger Bituchong Creativity

Looking at the whole America, Jamaican fried chicken in Jamaica; Brazilian fried chicken marinated and fried with dill seeds, rapeseed, turmeric and lemon juice are all flavor fried chicken worth trying.

02

Asia

/Let a hundred flowers blossom/

Although America can be regarded as the source of fried chicken, it must be said that when fried chicken came to Asia, it was prosperous in all directions.

Korean fried chicken

Sweet and spicy taste with crispy fried chicken, and a sip of beer. Korean fried chicken seems to have swept the audience overnight. In recent years, in the United States, there is even a faint momentum of overtaking American fried chicken.

Similar to American fried chicken, war also played an important role in the history of Korean fried chicken. In the 1940s and 1950s, the US military stationed in South Korea replaced the turkey that was hard to find locally with fried chicken on Thanksgiving Day, and shared it with the local people, so fried chicken began to enter South Korea. However, because of the oil price and other reasons, it was not until 1977 that Korean fried chicken began to take shape and became popular in South Korea.

Korean-style fried chicken Tuchong creativity

Although they are all fried chicken, and they are fried chicken handed down from the United States, Korean fried chicken and American fried chicken are quite different.

Korean fried chicken, like American fried chicken, does not marinate chicken, but its taste is different. Compared with American fried chicken, Korean fried chicken is more crisp and light, because potato starch is used instead of flour in the noodle coat of Korean fried chicken, and the taste of fried chicken is enriched by re-frying. In addition, Korean fried chicken can also choose to be boneless or boneless.

Korean-style fried chicken Tuchong creativity

What makes Korean fried chicken more unique is its choice of sauces. The original flavor of chicken, the sweet and spicy flavor with sauce, the garlic sauce flavor, the seaweed flavor with powder, the cheese flavor, etc., with the Korean-style pink pickled radish, every time you order Korean fried chicken, you have to hesitate for a few minutes until the final taste choice.

Korean-style fried chicken Tuchong creativity

Japanese fried chicken

Japan and South Korea are not far apart, and they also have their own special fried chicken, Tangyang chicken nuggets and Nanman fried chicken.

Japanese Tangyang chicken nuggets, which first appeared in the Edo period, were called "Kongyang". At first, it refers to the method of frying small pieces of tofu from China. Later, it began to dabble in vegetables, fish and other categories, but the most important thing was fried chicken.

Tangyang Chicken Cuttleworm Creativity

Compared with other fried chicken, Tangyang chicken nuggets are lighter and thinner, and the materials are no longer limited to flour, but can be rice flour, corn flour and so on. Chicken nuggets are boneless drumsticks or wing roots. Cut into small pieces, marinate in salt, black pepper, sake or miso for about 20 minutes, and then wrap the top coat and fry in an oil pan.

Compared with other fried chicken, Tangyang chicken nuggets will taste more tender and juicy, except for the curing method, which may be related to its selection of young chickens as raw materials. In restaurants, Tangyang chicken nuggets are usually combined with cabbage, but in convenience stores, such as Rosen’s, 711’s and Quanjia’s, they can also be sold separately.

Tangyang Chicken Cuttleworm Creativity

Different from Tangyang chicken nuggets, Nanman chicken nuggets, which inherit the western tradition, are a little rough. "Nan Man" is the Japanese name for westerners from the Warring States to the early Meiji period. This Nanman chicken nugget was born in Miyazaki, Japan, and it is a famous local dish in Miyazaki area.

The original prototype of this fried chicken is Spanish cuisine escabeche, which is made by pickling fried meat and fish. After entering Miyazaki, Japan, it forms a unique Nanman stain in Miyazaki, Japan. The method is similar, but the taste is lighter and sweeter.

Nanman fried chicken can be regarded as a kind of Nanman stain. After the chicken is wrapped in flour and fried, it is poured with sweet vinegar juice and Tata sauce. So compared with other fried chicken, Nanman chicken nuggets are characterized by this sweet and sour sauce and Tata sauce.

Nanman Chicken Cuttleworm Creativity

Chinese fried chicken

In China, fried chicken is not to be outdone.

In Beijing’s streets and take-away platforms, a kind of fried chicken called "Old Beijing American Fried Chicken" is active. Its representative stores include Yongshun fried chicken and Zuojiazhuang fried chicken. This fried chicken is a childhood memory of many Beijing children.

Yongshun fried chicken shop, shoot hedgehog

Since it has won the name of old Beijing, if nothing else, it has been localized from seasoning alone. The application of cumin and Chili powder in fried chicken brought the exotic fried chicken back to the familiar taste field.

Add water such as monosodium glutamate, salt, pepper, nutmeg, garlic, etc. into the chicken nuggets and marinate them for one night. The next day, wrap them with a mixture of starch, baking soda and flour (the thickness of the powder is related to the personal skills of the store), and then fry them at high temperature. The fried chicken with oily luster emits fragrance in the air.

Compared with other types of fried chicken, this kind of old fried chicken on the roadside seems to be more free and easy and smoky.

Zuojiazhuang fried chicken wikipedia/N509FZ

What is common on the roadside is not only the old Beijing American fried chicken, but also the tears of the times-Taiwan salted chicken. At one time, it was a shoulder pole at the school gate.

Taiwan’s salted chicken originated from the American popcorn, but on the basis of the popcorn, there are more flavors of salt and pepper, garlic and nine-story tower.

The creativity of salted chicken with worms.

As for other parts of Asia, there are also scattered different types of fried chicken, such as fried chicken from Indonesia and Malaysia, which often appears in restaurants or family gatherings. It is a kind of fried chicken pickled with galangal, small red onion and turmeric powder.

Java fried chicken wikipedia/D.W. Fisher-Freberg

03

Europe

/Have your own style/

Strange to say, although Britain was the first country to have the embryonic form of fried chicken, it is not found in Europe and countries with fried chicken characteristics now. What British people often eat is American fried chicken. On the contrary, Austria, Germany and Italy have developed their own fried chicken styles.

There is a kind of Vienna fried chicken in Austria, which clearly States that bread crumbs are used as a noodle coat, which is eaten with lemon after deep frying. At the earliest, only the nobles in Vienna could eat it.

Vienna fried chicken tuanchong creativity

Chicken schnitzel is popular in Austria, Germany and Israel. Its most common form is fried chicken breast, but in fact, the earliest dish was made of beef or pork. Later, Jews in Europe changed the raw materials into chicken or turkey to meet their dietary needs. When it went south to Italy, it evolved into fried chicken with Italian style, with spices such as rosemary added, and Parmesan cheese was added to the noodle fried powder.

Italian fried chicken cutlet, Tuchong creativity

Looking at so many fried chicken around the world, I suddenly found that when I don’t know what to eat when I travel in the future, choosing fried chicken may be the best way to try local cuisine without stepping on the thunder!

Order fried chicken now!

Original title: "Chinese, Korean, Japanese and American fried chicken, which one do you choose? 》

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