When the points are settled, the second-tier cities will gradually compete for the ＂invitation letter＂ for household registration.

　　After graduating from college, Xiao Lu, who was determined to stay in Beijing, is not going to be a "northern drifter" now.

　　“‘ New first-tier cities ’ And second-tier cities have many preferential policies for settlement. " Xiao Lu said, "I have invested in several jobs in Chengdu and Hangzhou. After all, compared with the capital, the pressure of work and life there is less. "

　　"Escape from Beishangguang" has been hotly debated, which stems from the intensive introduction of multi-site settlement policies. Among them, Wuhan, Changsha, Chengdu, Jinan and other provincial capitals or key cities have extended olive branches to talents such as college graduates. Policies such as "renting a house can settle down", "employment first and then settling down" and "granting housing subsidies" frequently occur and are described as "grabbing people’s war". At the same time, restrictions on settlement such as settlement of points have also appeared in the new household registration policies in various places and gradually become "standard".

　　① Second-tier cities relax and improve the settlement system.

　　The reporter found out that in the provincial capital cities and key cities that have introduced the new household registration policy, points or restrictions have been set for settlement.

　　For example, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, made it clear in the settlement conditions that the number of years required for participating in urban social insurance should not exceed 2 years; Nanchang, Jiangxi requires a legally stable residence (including lease) for 2 years and participates in urban social security as required; Xiamen, Fujian proposed to further improve the settlement policy and establish a point settlement system in accordance with the relevant policy requirements of the State Council; Wuhan, Hubei Province, proposed to implement the point settlement system in the central city, but relaxed the conditions for the settlement of development zones and new urban areas.

　　Sun Wenkai, a researcher at the National Development and Strategy Institute of Renmin University of China and an associate professor at the School of Economics of Renmin University of China, said that the intensive introduction of the new household registration policy in major cities was carried out within the framework of the central household registration reform and was also a concrete measure to promote the supply-side structural reform.

　　In 2014, the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration System. The opinion puts forward that the settlement conditions of big cities should be reasonably determined and the population size of megacities should be strictly controlled. Among them, cities with an urban population of 3 million to 5 million should moderately control the scale and pace of settlement, and can make stricter regulations on the scope of legal and stable employment, or establish a point settlement system in light of local conditions; In cities with an urban population of more than 5 million, it is necessary to establish and improve the system of settlement of points.

　　In 2016, the "Proposal on Promoting 100 million Non-registered Population to Settle in Cities" proposed that megacities and megacities should take legally stable employment and legally stable residence (including lease), years of participating in urban social insurance, and years of continuous residence as the main basis, distinguish the main urban areas, suburbs, new districts and other areas of the city, formulate settlement policies in different categories, and focus on solving the problem of ordinary workers who meet the requirements.

　　Experts pointed out that the threshold for mega-cities to settle down is to solve the problem of uneven distribution of public resources. Through integral and other conditions to control, in order to make the city develop in an orderly way and realize the transformation.

　　② Frequent preferential policies to attract professionals.

　　Compared with the threshold for the general population to settle down, major cities can be described as "the door is always open" for college graduates. In order to attract professionals to settle down, all localities are scrambling to "enlarge the move".

　　Nanjing, Jiangsu Province proposed that college graduates can directly apply for settlement; Wuhan, Hubei Province stipulates that you can apply for settlement without buying a house within 3 years after graduation; Jinan, Shandong Province has fully liberalized the restrictions on the settlement of college graduates; Chengdu, Sichuan can settle down with a diploma; Changsha, Hunan Province promotes "settle down first and then get employment".

　　For "pain points" such as housing, these cities have also launched "big gift packages". Some can settle down as long as they rent a house, and some also provide subsidies for renting and buying houses for graduates.

　　Wuhan will build 3,605 sets of talent apartments for college students, which will be open to college students who have stayed in Wuhan for employment within three years after graduation. The longest lease period can reach three years. Nanjing stipulates that college graduates who meet the relevant conditions can apply for public rental housing of about 30 square meters or rental subsidies of 600 yuan to 1000 yuan; Changsha grants rental and living subsidies to college graduates who work in the local area within two years, with a maximum of 15,000 yuan per year. Doctoral and master’s graduates can get 30,000 to 60,000 yuan of housing subsidies when they buy a house for the first time.

　　For high-end talents, all localities are equally generous with financial support. Xiamen grants 10 million yuan to 100 million yuan to top teams; Changsha will invest more than 10 billion yuan in the next five years to attract and reserve 1 million talents; Those with a master’s degree or above and those who have returned to study in Hangzhou have the opportunity to receive a one-time living allowance of 20,000 to 30,000 yuan.

　　Experts believe that some places restrict the general population growth, but they will still vigorously introduce professionals to seek industrial development and enhance economic vitality.

　　Sun Wenkai said that "grabbing talents" in provincial capital cities and important central cities actually increases the weight of certain aspects under the premise of controlling the population size, making it easier for professionals to settle down.

　　③ hukou is not everything, and comprehensive measures are still needed.

　　According to the statistical bulletin issued by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2016, the urbanization rate of permanent residents was 57.35%, an increase of 1.25 percentage points over the end of last year; The urbanization rate of registered population was 41.2%, 1.3 percentage points higher than the end of last year. The total number of migrant workers in China was 281.71 million, an increase of 1.5% over the previous year. Among them, there were 169.34 million migrant workers, an increase of 0.3%.

　　According to the relevant plan, the urbanization rate of permanent residents will reach 60% and the urbanization rate of registered population will reach 45% in 2020, and the gap between the urbanization rate of registered population and the urbanization rate of permanent residents in various regions will be reduced by more than 2 percentage points compared with 2013.

　　Sun Wenkai said that from a series of data, there is still a big gap between China’s current urbanization rate and moderately developed countries. International experience shows that the population will continue to flow into big cities at this stage. Therefore, the policy of household registration migration, which is liberalized in small cities and controlled by big cities, will still be maintained for a long time.

　　Despite the open arms to recruit talents, the inflow of talents in major cities is somewhat uneven. After the implementation of the New Deal, some cities are crowded with people, while others are crowded with people.

　　In this regard, Sun Wenkai said that hukou can’t "cure all diseases", but "icing on the cake". Without good economic conditions, the attractiveness of registered permanent residence will be greatly reduced. Especially for the cities in the central and western regions, the same policy has reduced the agglomeration effect compared with coastal cities.

　　The experts interviewed said that the next step of household registration reform should not be evasive, but should be tough. Sun Wenkai believes that from the perspective of household registration reform, we must conform to economic laws and reduce the barriers to population inflow in big cities. Therefore, we should increase the central transfer payment in the areas where the population flows in.

　　"With the further development of urbanization, ‘ Refuge type ’ The trend of urbanization will become more and more obvious. In the past, migrant workers entered the city. In the future, the elderly and children will also enter the city together, and the corresponding urban public finance expenditure pressure will also increase. " Sun Wenkai said that in addition, it is equally important to coordinate social security.

　　In addition, urban planning and management, traffic congestion, environmental pollution and other "urban diseases" are closely related to the lack of urban planning capacity. Experts believe that reasonable urban management and planning should be used to solve the negative problems in the process of urbanization.

　　④ First-tier cities tighten control over population growth.

　　According to the data from the recruitment network, in the first quarter of this year, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Xi ‘an and Suzhou ranked in the top five among the cities with the highest net inflow rate of talents in China. Although Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou rank in the top ten, the rate of talent inflow is lower than that of many second-tier cities.

　　Some scholars have pointed out that the flow of talents from megacities to second-and third-tier cities can optimize the allocation of national talents and promote the better development of small and medium-sized cities.

　　High housing prices and difficulty in settling down have led to a slowdown in the inflow of talents in first-tier cities such as Beijing. This year, for non-Beijing graduates, Beijing still implements the "total cap" of household registration index, and it will continue to be greatly reduced. Previously, the employment reports of Tsinghua University and Peking University showed that in 2016, the retention rate of graduates from the two universities had fallen below 50%.

　　Sun Wenkai believes that Beijing’s restriction on household registration indicators is to limit population growth by controlling the number of household registration indicators in state-owned departments such as "state-owned enterprises, government agencies and institutions". However, from the implementation situation, although it has a certain impact on adjusting the population size, it has little impact on the total population.

　　"The key factor that determines the total population is the economic law." Sun Wenkai said that hukou, as a public welfare, plays a more important role in icing on the cake. As for whether you can get employment and how much money you can earn, the household registration policy has little impact.

　　Sun Wenkai pointed out that although it has little effect on limiting population growth, the household registration policy still has a certain impact on population structure adjustment. Professionals will stay in Beijing because of their hukou; Groups such as migrant workers may not leave even if they don’t have hukou; The talents in the middle class will leave Beijing if they can get hukou in second-tier cities and have less pressure on life.

　　Experts believe that in the long run, China’s first tier cities, such as Beijing, may have a shortage of middle-level talents, just like big cities in Europe and America.

　　Sun Wenkai said that this phenomenon is spontaneously formed with the laws of the market and has certain rationality. However, the existing household registration system and household registration reform ideas have also intensified the process of talent stratification. He suggested that relevant policies should be adjusted in a timely and appropriate manner according to the situation.