Shandong Siwei ① is not driven by the central city. How can the old and new kinetic energy be transformed？
As a big northern province, Shandong’s economic development once led the whole country. In recent years, the conversion of old and new kinetic energy in Shandong has led to insufficient economic development momentum.
In terms of economic aggregate, the gap between Shandong and Guangdong has expanded from 586 billion in 2008 to 1.72 trillion in 2017; The gap with Jiangsu has expanded from 5 billion to 1.32 trillion. In 2018, the gap between Shandong and these two provinces has expanded to more than 2 trillion and 16 trillion — — The gap has been widening.
At the cadre mobilization meeting at the beginning of this year, Liu Jiayi, secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee, laid down rules for leading cadres at all levels in Shandong: the number of meetings at all levels in the province should be reduced by more than one third this year; Leading cadres at or above the deputy provincial level shall conduct research at the grassroots level for not less than 2 months every year; Boldly use "Li Yunlong style" cadres … …
On July 21st this year, a delegation of Shandong Party and Government led by the Secretary of Shandong Provincial Party Committee and Governor went to Beijing, Hebei and Shanghai to study. Last year, they led a team to study in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong.
It is a good thing that Shandong has a sense of anxiety and crisis, and the future Shandong is worth looking forward to.
In April 2017, when Premier Li Keqiang visited Shandong, he pointed out that Shandong should play a key role in the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, and Shandong Province officially launched a major pilot project for the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, and made many useful explorations.
Specific practices and development results
(A) a clear new pattern of development, and guide the intensive concentration of factor resources.
Established the new and old kinetic energy conversion pattern of "three cores leading and province-wide coordination".
"Three Nuclei Leading": Relying on the existing national new districts, parks and supporting reform pilot zones in Jinan, Qingdao and Yantai, we will coordinate the industrial base, innovation ability, factor resources and development potential of the three places, take the lead in achieving breakthroughs in the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, and build the main engine for the conversion of old and new kinetic energy.
"Province-wide collaboration": Jinan and Qingdao have been strengthened in their radiation-driven capabilities, and a number of demonstration areas have been planned and built in 17 cities in the province, focusing on key areas such as innovation and entrepreneurship, intelligent manufacturing, marine economy, modern agriculture and integration of defense and civilian technologies, so as to create new and old kinetic energy to accelerate the transformation of power sources.
(2) Strengthen efforts to concentrate on the real economy and accelerate the continuous transformation of old and new kinetic energy.
Focus on new technologies, new industries, new formats and new models, accelerate the resolution of excess capacity, and promote the transformation of traditional industries and the accelerated rise of emerging industries.
First, effectively resolve excess capacity. "One enterprise, one policy" to formulate plans, focusing on steel, coal, electrolytic aluminum, thermal power, building materials and other industries to resolve excess capacity. Promote the optimization and upgrading of steel production capacity and guide steel enterprises to develop high-end steel products such as high-speed rail, nuclear power and ships. Focus on guiding the orderly withdrawal of coal mine production capacity with insecurity, exhausted resources, poor occurrence conditions, heavy environmental pollution, long-term losses and inefficiency. Clean up and rectify the illegal construction and blind new projects in the electrolytic aluminum industry, adopt the alternative shutdown method to retain high-end production capacity and equipment, and guide enterprises to standardize and develop healthily. Promote the reduction of production in thermal power, building materials and other industries, and strictly control new production capacity. Accelerate the elimination of low-speed electric vehicle production capacity, strictly control the illegal production and illegal use of low-speed electric vehicles, and prevent the low-level blind development of the new energy automobile industry. By the end of November 2017, the province’s coal production and crude steel and pig iron reduction have achieved 35.8%, 53.1% and 45.9% of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", effectively vacating the environmental capacity and market space.
The second is to promote the improvement of quality and efficiency of traditional industries. With the goal of improving quality and competitiveness, we will use new technologies and new formats to transform and upgrade traditional industries with two advantages: agriculture and chemical industry.
Deepen the structural reform of agricultural supply side. Accelerate the development of "new six production" in agriculture and promote the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. With enterprises as the main body, we will further promote the "Bohai Granary" science and technology demonstration project and the agricultural seed project with the model of "joint construction of the core area, demonstration area and science and technology park" to create a three-dimensional, industrialized and ecological recycling modern agricultural innovation highland. We will speed up the construction of a demonstration province for the quality and safety of exported food and agricultural products, a national agricultural high-tech industrial demonstration zone in the Yellow River Delta, and a comprehensive experimental zone for agricultural open development in Weifang, so as to enhance the demonstration effect. In the first three quarters of 2017, the added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services in the province increased by 11.3% year-on-year, which was 3.8 percentage points higher than GDP3.8
Promote the development of high-end chemical industry. Build a national industrial base, gather factor resources, and solve the problems of insufficient high-end, excessive low-end and low added value of petrochemical industry. Develop new coal chemical industry, promote the extension of existing primary products to downstream products, fine chemical products and new chemical materials, and form an industrial chain with fertilizer, fine chemical products, synthetic materials, clean energy and deep processing of coking products as the mainstay. We will build a national demonstration center for coal chemical technology research and development and industrialization, focusing on breakthroughs in coal-based carbon materials, coal-water slurry gasification, and ultra-clean coal utilization technologies to provide a demonstration for the development of the national coal chemical industry.
Accelerate the intelligent transformation of traditional manufacturing industry, and extend the industrial chain to the direction of high added value, green and low carbon. Improve the quality of service industry and meet the demand of consumption upgrading. In the first three quarters of 2017, the non-ferrous metal alloy manufacturing industry increased by 54.8%; The online retail sales of physical goods was 31.33 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 41.3%, and the growth rate was 33.3 percentage points higher than that of units above designated size; Cross-border electronic commerce’s import and export reached 1.45 billion yuan, up 7.4 times year-on-year, of which 970 million yuan was exported, up 4.6 times year-on-year.
The third is to develop emerging industries. Focus on high-end equipment manufacturing, information industry, new energy materials and marine economy, and actively cultivate new kinetic energy. 1— 2017; In October, the added value of high-tech industry and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 10.3% and 10.4% respectively, which was 3.3 and 3.4 percentage points higher than that of industries above designated size, among which the main business income of new materials industry accounted for nearly 1/4 of the national proportion, and the carbon fiber output ranked second in the country. The output of new products such as industrial robots, photovoltaic cells, urban rail vehicles and new energy vehicles increased by 22.5%, 55.6%, 102.4% and 310.5% respectively. Qingdao has become the largest rail transit manufacturing base in China, with the motor train production accounting for 65% of the national operating EMUs, and the urban rail subway accounting for 25% of the national share.
(3) Strengthen the construction of innovative and entrepreneurial carriers and enhance the transformation power.
Take Shandong Peninsula National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone as the main body, optimize the environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, and accelerate the construction of innovative provinces.
First, build a major scientific and technological innovation platform at a high level. A number of national-level major scientific and technological innovation platforms, such as Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, National High-speed Train Technology Innovation Center, and National Inspection and Testing Innovation Center, have been built with strong concentration of innovative elements, high degree of interdisciplinary cross-border integration and strong role in supporting industrial transformation and upgrading. By the end of November 2017, there were 179 national enterprise technology centers and 56 national local joint engineering laboratories, ranking first and second in the country respectively. Actively carry out strategic cooperation with China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Engineering and relevant famous universities and scientific research units, and build a number of industrial technology research institutes, industrial technology research institutes and other new research and development institutions, achievement transfer and transformation bases and science and education integration bases.
The second is to strengthen the dominant position of enterprise innovation. Actively guide all kinds of innovative elements to gather in enterprises. Pay attention to cultivating innovative leading enterprises, implement the top 100 innovative projects and the cultivation plan for high-tech enterprises, encourage enterprises to independently build scientific and technological innovation platforms, cooperate in building industrial innovation centers, technological innovation centers and industrial technological innovation alliances, and give key support to enterprises approved to build national laboratories, national engineering research centers, industrial innovation centers, manufacturing innovation centers and national technological innovation centers. Improve the assessment mechanism of scientific and technological innovation of state-owned enterprises, stimulate the innovation vitality of state-owned enterprises, encourage enterprises to take the lead in building industrial (technological) innovation alliances, support large enterprises to open up supply chain resources and market channels, and carry out internal innovation and entrepreneurship. Improve the innovation support system for small scientific and technological enterprises, and encourage technical information, technology development, market development and independent brand building.
The third is to optimize the ecological environment for innovation and entrepreneurship. Promote the transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship incubators from comprehensive incubation to professional orientation incubation, and form industry organizations such as incubator alliances to provide all-round, multi-level and diversified one-stop services. Implement pre-incubation mechanisms such as entrepreneurship college, entrepreneurship through train and virtual registration, and improve the "nursery — Incubator — Accelerator "scientific and technological innovation incubation chain. Accelerate the construction of creative space, and focus on cultivating new forms of innovation and entrepreneurship represented by maker space, entrepreneurial coffee, online innovation factory, academician pioneer park, doctor pioneer park and farmer pioneer park. By the end of June 2017, 148 science and technology incubators at or above the provincial level and 293 record creation spaces had been built, providing business incubation services such as office space, business counseling and R&D platform for 17,680 entrepreneurial enterprises and teams.
Create a carrier for regional innovation and development. Support Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai and Jining to build national innovative cities. We will build a national dual-innovation demonstration base and a national small and micro enterprise entrepreneurship innovation demonstration base. By the end of November 2017, 13 national dual-innovation demonstration bases and 15 national small and micro enterprise entrepreneurship innovation bases have been approved, with 476,000 R&D personnel, ranking fourth in the country.
(D) deepening reform to fully stimulate market vitality and social creativity.
First, accelerate the reform of mixed ownership. In December 2015, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Shandong Province launched a pilot project of mixed reform of 58 enterprises, which was promoted in accordance with the principle of "two priorities" and formulated a specific mixed reform plan according to the actual situation of enterprises and one enterprise and one policy. By the end of March 2017, 58 pilot enterprises had all made clear their reform plans, and 12 of them basically completed the mixed reform work. All 58 enterprises have designed a standardized corporate governance system in accordance with laws and regulations. Enterprises that have completed the mixed reform have generally built a "three meetings and one floor" corporate governance institution, and their operational efficiency has generally improved.
The second is to innovate the investment and financing mechanism. Accelerate the establishment of Shandong Province’s new and old kinetic energy conversion investment fund and transformation and upgrading strategic development fund. Relying on the capital of state-owned enterprises, we will set up a comprehensive investment and financing platform, carry out market-oriented capital operation, and focus on providing investment and financing support for major strategic and policy tasks in the province.
Main experience
(1) Two-wheel drive
The new and old kinetic energy realizes smooth connection and synergy. On the one hand, actively cultivate new kinetic energy for development. Based on the provincial conditions, focusing on high-end equipment manufacturing, information industry, new energy materials, marine economy, etc., we will actively build a cluster of emerging industries and accelerate the formation of new kinetic energy. On the other hand, accelerate the transformation and upgrade the traditional kinetic energy. Through new technologies, new industries, new formats and new models, we will promote the transformation of traditional industries and form new kinetic energy to support economic development.
(2) Market dominance
Strictly restrict the government’s direct allocation of resources, interfere with microeconomic authority, introduce market mechanism and marketization means, innovate the allocation mechanism of factor market, and improve the efficiency of resource allocation and total factor productivity. At the same time, we will strengthen top-level design, system planning and collaborative promotion, and build a policy system and institutional environment to promote the accelerated growth of new kinetic energy and the transformation and upgrading of traditional kinetic energy.
(3) Classified policies
First, according to the actual situation of enterprises, one enterprise and one policy make plans. For example, under the framework of the mixed reform system, 58 provincial-level and important ownership enterprises were selected for a large-scale pilot project, and the SASAC only put on record and did not approve it, and let go of the first-level enterprises as the main research plan to implement the mixed reform. The second is to introduce support policies for specific industries. For example, in order to accelerate the development of rail transit equipment industry, the Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Rail Transit Equipment Industry (Lu Zhengban Zi [2017] No.12) was issued to accelerate the construction of a strong province for rail transit equipment manufacturing. In order to accelerate the development of marine economy, build a strong marine economy with international competitiveness, focus on optimizing the marine industrial structure, improve the ability of marine scientific and technological innovation, expand the level of open cooperation, and formulate a special plan for marine economic development.
Challenges faced by Shandong in promoting the conversion of old and new kinetic energy
(A) the transformation and upgrading of traditional kinetic energy has a long way to go.
The advantage of traditional kinetic energy is weakening, but new kinetic energy has not yet become the dominant force. At present, there are still "two 70%" phenomena in Shandong’s economy, that is, traditional industries account for about 70% of the industry, and heavy chemical industries account for about 70% of the traditional industries. In 2016, enterprises above designated size in the seven traditional industries of machinery, chemical industry, textile and clothing, light industry, metallurgy, building materials and medicine in the province realized the main business income of 12.8 trillion yuan, accounting for 85.3% of the industrial income above designated size. Taking the top 100 private enterprises as an example, the operating income of the top ten industries dominated by traditional industries accounted for 82.6% of the operating income of the top 100 private enterprises in the province. The automobile manufacturing industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry accounted for 1.1% and 2.2% respectively, while the computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries accounted for only 0.6%.
(B) The competitiveness of emerging industries needs to be improved.
In 2016, the proportion of strategic emerging industries in GDP in Shandong Province was 2 percentage points lower than the national average; The main business income of the information industry is 1.42 trillion yuan, accounting for less than 10% of the industry; Among the top 50 big data enterprises in China, there is only one in Shandong Province. The efficiency of resource allocation in emerging industries on a global scale still needs to be enhanced.
(C) lack of motivation for the reform of state-owned enterprises
First, the labor cost is too high. Some state-owned enterprises have some problems, such as low marketization of employment compensation, many management levels, many institutions and redundant staff. From 2010 to 2016, the labor cost of provincial state-owned enterprises increased by about 5.5 billion yuan annually, with an average annual growth rate of about 10%. In 2016, the labor cost of provincial state-owned enterprises reached 78 billion yuan, which was 3.7 times of the total profit of enterprises. The labor cost of state-owned enterprises accounted for 10% of the total cost, while the profit rate of labor cost of provincial state-owned enterprises was less than 30%.
Second, the reform of mixed ownership needs to be deepened. The scale of state-owned enterprises in Shandong Province is large, and the proportion of traditional fields is high. In addition, the reform started late and the pace is slow, and the implementation of the existing mixed reform plan needs to be strengthened.
(D) The ability to promote regional coordinated development with urban agglomerations as the main body still needs to be enhanced.
The report of the 19th National Congress proposed to "optimize and upgrade the eastern urban agglomeration". At this stage, compared with the national urban agglomerations such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and Zhongyuan, the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration lacks the leadership of central cities. The construction of a comprehensive experimental zone for the conversion of new and old kinetic energy of Pan-Ji Qingyan needs to be effectively promoted. The slow progress of collaborative development among cities such as Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai and Weihai has restricted the overall development of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration and is not conducive to the overall promotion of the conversion of new and old kinetic energy in the whole province.
Relevant policy suggestions
(1) Improve the government’s service capacity and further release new development momentum.
The first is to improve the efficiency of government services. Continue to deepen the reform in streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services, expand the scope of the pilot reform of "separation of licenses" and fully implement "integration of multiple licenses". We will promote the pilot project of shifting the focus of power and responsibility in emerging economies, and explore the decentralization or entrustment of provincial administrative power matters that are conducive to accelerating the transformation of kinetic energy in project construction, industrial and commercial registration, education, medical care, and old-age care. The second is to create a standardized and orderly market environment. Accelerate the construction of a regulatory system with clear rights and responsibilities, fairness and justice, and tolerance and innovation. Promote fair supervision, accelerate the expansion of the coverage of "double random and one open", and achieve full coverage of all inspection items of relevant government departments and market entities.
(2) Strengthen the guidance of central cities and promote the coordinated development of Shandong Peninsula.
Support Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration to build a national central city, enhance the radiation-driven capacity of central cities, optimize resource allocation in a wider scope, improve the level of industrial development division and cooperation among regional cities, enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration, accelerate the formation of an important driving force to support the transformation and development of old and new kinetic energy in Shandong, and help the northern region accelerate the transformation and development.
(C) Efficient allocation of essential resources to create new advantages in opening up.
In-depth implementation of all-round and high-level opening up and optimization of resource allocation on a global scale.
The first is to improve the level of participation in the construction of the "Belt and Road". Strengthen the strategic fulcrum role of maritime cooperation such as Qingdao, Yantai and Rizhao, promote the interconnection between coastal port cities and the port cities of the Maritime Silk Road, deepen the capacity cooperation of countries along the Belt and Road, and promote the development of superior equipment, technology, standards and services by building a number of two-way cooperative industrial parks such as the Eurasian Economic and Trade Cooperation Industrial Park.
The second is to build a strategic highland for cooperation and development in Northeast Asia. Based on the construction of China-Japan-Korea Qingdao Innovation Industrial Park, China-Korea Yantai Industrial Park and Weihai China-Korea Free Trade Area Cooperation Demonstration Zone, we will leverage the East Asia maritime cooperation platform to innovate the Northeast Asia economic and trade cooperation model and promote the establishment of China-Japan-Korea local economic cooperation demonstration zone.
The third is to shape new advantages in foreign economic development. Actively promote foreign economic and trade exchanges by using the exhibition platform. Promote Qingdao to build an international consumption center city. Make use of Yantai’s own advantages to accelerate the establishment of a national service outsourcing demonstration city.
The fourth is to innovate the regional open cooperation model. Actively integrate into the national strategy of coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, take the initiative to undertake the function relief of Beijing’s non-capital and the industrial transfer of Beijing and Tianjin, actively dock the construction of xiong’an new area, and support the Yellow River Delta to give full play to its land advantages and develop an "enclave economy". Strengthen the cooperation around Bohai Sea and prosper the economy in the Bay Area.
(Author Yang Xiaodong is a researcher at the Institute of Public Administration and Human Resources of the State Council Development Research Center)