Avian influenza (AI) is an acute infectious disease of poultry caused by influenza A virus in orthomyxoviridae. According to the classification of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins on the surface of virus particles, it can be divided into many serotypes, and the pathogenicity is different among different serotypes and different strains of the same serotype. At present, the epidemic avian influenza in China is mainly caused by H9 subtype with moderate virulence, which drastically reduces the laying rate of laying hens from 90%-95% to 20%, causing huge economic losses.
　　　　1 Clinical symptoms and pathological changes
　　　　The clinical symptoms caused by the infection of chickens with certain immunity by H9 subtype below moderate virulence or highly virulent strain are generally subacute. Laying hens mainly show different degrees of respiratory symptoms and egg production decline. At autopsy, the larynx and trachea were congested and bleeding, and the blood vessels were blocked by cheese. The fallopian tube is often swollen and filled with albumin-like viscous liquid containing pus. Edema often occurs in the tubal wall and tissues around the fallopian tube.
　　　　2 diagnosis
　　　　The diagnosis of avian influenza is very similar to Newcastle disease (ND), infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and bronchitis, mycoplasma gallisepticum (NG), infectious rhinitis, avian cholera, egg drop syndrome and other diseases, so it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis in clinic, and laboratory tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis.
　　　　2.1 The antibody of blood or eggs was detected by AGID or ELISA.
　　　　2.2 Take cloacal or tracheal smears from sick or dead chickens or take samples from tissues for virus detection at autopsy.
　　　　When chickens are infected with avian influenza virus, antibodies are produced in their blood in about 3-10 days. After about 10–14d days, this antibody can be found in the watery suspension of yolk.
　　　　3 prevention and control
　　　　3.1 According to the actual situation of local and chicken flocks, formulate reasonable immunization procedures and carry out immunization to reduce the occurrence of the disease. At present, the inactivated avian influenza vaccine designated by the Ministry of Agriculture is safe and effective, and is playing an important role.
　　　　3.2 Avian influenza virus is highly variable, and avian influenza immunity presents outstanding blood group-specific protection. Therefore, it is still possible that avian influenza will occur after immunization with avian influenza vaccine. Once avian influenza occurs, intramuscular injection with 3 times the amount of NDI vaccine and anti-stress and antibacterial drugs can effectively control the continued occurrence of avian influenza. This is because in the early stage of avian influenza epidemic, when most chickens were not infected with influenza virus, after NDI vaccine was inoculated, NDI Miao element entered the target cell, on the one hand, the vaccine virus was replicated in the cell (but the vaccine virus had no obvious pathogenic effect on chickens), so that the invaded AIV could not be replicated; On the other hand, the target cell is stimulated by ND vaccine nucleic acid, and interferon is synthesized in the cell, which spreads around through the cell membrane and circulates with the blood flow. After being absorbed by other cells, interferon enters the nucleus, induces mRNA, and produces antiviral protein. This antiviral protein does not damage the cell function, but inhibits the synthesis of RNA (or DNA) polymerase that invades the virus, thus inhibiting the replication of the virus and indirectly playing an antiviral role. It can be seen that early emergency inoculation of DNI vaccine can interfere or inhibit the reproduction of AIV in susceptible cells, and achieve the purpose of controlling avian influenza.
　　　　3.3 If chickens have been infected with AIV, it will be counterproductive to inject with IVD vaccine. At this time, traditional Chinese medicine preparations (such as Folium Isatidis, Radix Isatidis, Rhizoma Coptidis, etc.) can be mixed and fed for 3-5 days, and at the same time, ribavirin or amantadine and antibiotics can be used to drink water, which can relieve symptoms, reduce secondary infection, reduce death and resume laying eggs in advance. Because bird flu has seriously damaged the reproductive system of chickens, it takes a process to restore egg production. With the above drugs, after the diet of chickens returns to normal, the traditional Chinese medicine Zengdan Powder can be fed for 5-10 days, and adding electrolytic multivitamins to drinking water can help restore ovarian function and promote the early recovery of egg production rate.
　　　　3.4 Avian influenza and Newcastle disease are particularly similar in clinical symptoms and pathological changes, which can easily lead to misdiagnosis. However, whether it is avian influenza or Newcastle disease, early emergency vaccination with NDI vaccine can achieve the goal of controlling disease development. If the reason is avian influenza, after inoculation with NDI vaccine, interferon can be produced to interfere with the reproduction of AIV, thus achieving the purpose of controlling avian influenza; If it is Newcastle disease, the injection of NDI vaccine will produce interferon on the one hand, interfere with the replication of Newcastle disease virulent virus, and stimulate the body to produce ND antibody on the other hand, thus achieving the purpose of controlling Newcastle disease.
　　　　3.5 Regular disinfection of the surrounding environment is also a link that cannot be ignored in controlling the disease. AIV is sensitive to water alkali, chlorine preparation, iodine preparation and phenol preparation. (Taiyuan College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024)
　　　　Excerpt from: Livestock and Poultry Industry, No.12, 2002

　　Building a new security pattern is the main task of national security work at present and in the future. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core attaches unprecedented importance to and supports national security work, and the favorable conditions for building a new security pattern are unprecedented. We should shoulder the heavy responsibility of the times and better maintain our strategic strength and initiative.

　　The picture shows that on September 30, 2022, the traditional version of the Learning Outline of the Overall National Security Concept was displayed in bookstores in Hong Kong. China News Service reporter Li Zhihua/photo

　　Political advantage

　　The most fundamental political advantage is a strong leadership core. As the core of the CPC Central Committee and the whole Party, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is at the helm, which provides a fundamental guarantee for building a new security pattern.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of risks and challenges that are rare in the world and history, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, with the great boldness and fearless revolutionary spirit of Marxist politicians, thinkers and strategists, has raised the flag to orient himself in the changeable situation, determined his command in the great war exam, turned the tide in the stormy waves, and fundamentally ensured the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to enter an irreversible historical process. Practice has fully proved that "two establishment" is the greatest certainty, the greatest confidence and the greatest guarantee to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and deal with all uncertainties.

　　On the new journey, with the party’s core, people’s leaders and army commanders who have passed the test of history, practice and struggle at the helm, we have the backbone to overcome various risk challenges, and building a new security pattern can shape our advantages, take the lead and win the initiative.

　　Theoretical advantage

　　The most distinctive theoretical advantage is the party’s innovative theoretical guidance. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has adhered to and developed Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s strategic height from the new era, combined Marxist national security theory with contemporary China’s security practice and China’s excellent traditional strategic culture, and creatively put forward the overall national security concept, which provided a fundamental basis for building a new security pattern.

　　The overall national security concept adheres to the Marxist standpoint and method, grasps national security with overall strategic thinking and broad world vision, lists security as an important part of people’s needs for a better life, and makes a series of creative explanations around major propositions such as development and security, independence and opening to the outside world, maintaining stability and safeguarding rights, order and vitality, which provides fundamental guidance for us to understand and grasp national security from a political perspective, and shows powerful truth power in a series of major struggles to prevent risks, ensure security and safeguard stability in the new era.

　　Development advantage

　　The strongest development advantage is a solid foundation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have made great achievements in economic development, social stability, comprehensive poverty alleviation, and fighting the epidemic, laying a solid foundation for building a new security pattern.

　　We have created a miracle of economic development and pushed the economy onto the road of high-quality development. The proportion of the total economic output in the world has increased from 11.4% in 2012 to over 18% in 2021; Created a miracle of social stability, accelerated the construction of a higher level of peaceful China, and China became one of the safest countries in the world; Created a miracle of getting rid of poverty in an all-round way, historically solved the problem of absolute poverty and built a well-off society in an all-round way; It has created a miracle in the history of human civilization that a populous country successfully walked out of the epidemic and achieved a major decisive victory in epidemic prevention and control.

　　To build a new security structure, we have an unprecedented solid foundation, and we are more confident and powerful than ever before.

　　Institutional advantages

　　The most important institutional advantage is to get out of the national security road with China characteristics. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have successfully created a national security road with China characteristics, and the national security leadership system, rule of law system, strategic system and policy system have been continuously improved, providing a strong institutional guarantee for building a new security pattern.

　　China’s national security road with characteristics, adhere to the absolute leadership of the party, improve the centralized, unified, efficient and authoritative national security work leadership system, and realize the unity of people’s security, political security and national interests first; Insist on defending national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and maintain stability and order in the frontiers, borders and surrounding areas; Adhere to safe development and promote the dynamic balance between high-quality development and high-level safety; Adhere to the overall war and coordinate traditional security and non-traditional security; Adhere to the path of peaceful development and promote the coordination of self-security and common security.

　　The national security road with China characteristics fully demonstrates the institutional code and winning code of "the rule of national security with China characteristics", which has won the advantages and laid the foundation for building a new security pattern and coping with major risks and challenges.