On the morning of February 15th, Weibo Yongning Education, the official announcement of Yongning County Education and Sports Bureau of Yinchuan City, Ningxia, said that on February 13th, Yongning County Education and Sports Bureau received the related questions from Yongning Middle School teacher Wu Fan on the Internet and immediately intervened in the investigation.

　　After investigation, the teacher made inappropriate remarks unrelated to the teaching content during the online teaching on April 16, 2020, which had a negative impact. According to the detailed rules for the implementation of the measures for the treatment of primary and secondary school teachers’ violation of professional ethics in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Trial), the Yongning County Education and Sports Bureau decided to give Wu Fan an order to check, and in informed criticism, the county’s education system, the qualification for evaluation and evaluation was cancelled within two years; Informed criticism, the principal of Yongning Middle School in the county education system.

　　According to the report, the person in charge of Yongning Middle School and the teachers involved have actively communicated with the students and parents, sincerely apologizing, and the students and parents expressed their understanding. In the next step, Yongning County Education and Sports Bureau will further standardize teachers’ teaching behavior and vigorously improve teachers’ ideological and political quality, moral cultivation and professional level. Thanks to netizens, students and parents for their supervision and support. (The Paper reporter Lu Xinwen)

Xiaobian once had an article showing part.American phrases that confuse the BritishNow let’s change our minds and look at some confusing English phrases. The origins of some idioms or idioms commonly used by the British are ambiguous, which makes the pro-British people afraid that they are not used to these unusual expressions.

1. They’re chalk and cheese. What does it mean?

A. They’re very different.

B. They’re looking pale.

C. They’re very fickle.

2. Bob’s your uncle! What does it mean?

A. You used nepotism.

B. What a coincidence!

C. You come from a rural area.

D. The task is easily achieved.

3. I’ve known her for donkey’s. What does it mean?

A. I’ve known her for a very long time.

B. She’s a jerk.

C. I don’t trust her.

D. I know a lot of her secrets.

4. Something for the weekend. What does it mean?

A. A condom

B. A time-consuming hobby

C. Marijuana

D. A duvet

5. At Her Majesty’s pleasure. What does it mean?

A. A lazy morning

B. Waiting for somebody slow

C. A beautiful sunset

D. In prison

6. Swings and roundabouts. What does it mean?

A. Ways of avoiding problem

B. Obstacles that prevent you getting somewhere

C. Gains and losses that offset each other

D. Perks of a job that aren’t mentioned in the job advert

7. Horses for courses. What does it mean?

A. Somebody wearing cloths suited to a younger person

B. Food that looks good by tastes terrible

C. A very competitive race

D. Different things suit different people

8. He’s got the hump.

A. He’s in love

B. He’s very hungry

C. He’s annoyed

D. He can drink a lot of alcohol without getting drunk

9. I need to spend a penny

A. I’m addicted to candy

B. I can’t afford to go abroad this year

C. I need to go to the toilet

D. I need to change my shoes

10. He’s on the pull

A. He’s going to get promoted

B. He relies on charity

C. He’s hoping to have sex with someone

D. He’s driving

Are you ready to read the answer? Pull down!

1. A

"challenge and cheese" is equivalent to "apples and oranges" said by Americans. It describes that two things or people are completely different or completely incompatible. The usual sentence pattern is "like/as different as challenge and cheese", for example, we’ll never get on-we’re like challenge and cheese.

2. D

"Bob’s your uncle" is said to have originated from Arthur Balfour. He was appointed to several prestigious positions by his uncle Robert Cecil (nicknamed Bob), and now it is used to indicate that he can finish a task easily. For example, put together a couple of kitchen fittings, buy a coffee machine and Bob’s your uncle.

3. A

"Donkey’s" is usually a shorthand for "donkey’s years". At first, it may be written as donkey’s ears, which means that something is very long in length, but now it means a long time. For example, we’ve been close friends for donkey’s years.

4. A

Incredibly, "Something for the weekend" refers to condoms. People usually think that this is a euphemism when barbers selling condoms sell them to customers, such as "something for the weekend, sir? "

5. D

"His Sharp Practice Costhim a $ TERM at Her Majesty’s pleasure", if someone at her majesty’s pleasure, then he is being held in a British prison. This phrase was formed because the monarch initially had the right to decide freely whether to detain someone.

6. C

Swings and roundabouts in British English mean "different actions or choices will eventually lead to no gains or losses, or gains and losses will offset each other". Does it mean that different roads lead to the same goal, or that the lost corner will reap the mulberry? A more complete phrase is "to gain on the swings and lose on the roundabouts". For example, I don’t want to have to, but it’s swings and roundabouts

7. D

Horses for courses is an English proverb, which means "different people are suitable for different things", and its origin is the phrase "different race horses would be better on different race courses/different horse races have better performances on different tracks", which really has their own strengths or different meanings. For example, so I’m not interested in politics, it’s horses for courses.

8. C

The origin of the phrase get/have/give someone the hump is not clear, and it may be related to camels, which means "to become angry or lose one’s temper for no reason", such as "fans get the hump when they lose" or "debate has been beening about road safety, with people across London getting the hump."

9. C

In Britain, it used to cost a penny to use a coin-operated public toilet once, which is a euphemism for the phrase spend a penny instead of "urinating", such as "you can’t get to sleep when you want to spend a penny".

10. C

There seems to be a clear correlation between pull and attributes in the example. The phrase on the pull refers to an attempt to attract someone to bed in British informal context, such as "an eligible bachelor on the pull" or "I remember now why I’m not interested in going on the pull."

(Source: Oxford Dictionary WeChat WeChat official account Editor: Julie)

Among the Chinese patent medicines approved for registration in China, some are compound preparations of Chinese and western medicines, that is, Chinese patent medicines containing chemical drugs. Doctors, pharmacists and patients must be aware that this kind of preparation can not be used only as general Chinese patent medicine. If you don’t pay attention to the prescription ingredients, it will lead to repeated medication. When combined with chemical drugs, we must first find out the ingredients to avoid abuse and cumulative application with chemical drugs to prevent adverse reactions and serious function and organ damage.

Share the efficacy and western medicine ingredients of 110 kinds of Chinese patent medicines containing western medicine ingredients for your reference in study and work!

Anticold medicine

The product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients, such as Pugan Tablet, pungent and warm to relieve exterior symptoms, and dispel cold. It can be used for relieving exterior symptoms, clearing away heat, dispelling wind and relieving pain, such as headache, limb soreness, fever, sneezing, runny nose, thin and white cough phlegm caused by wind-cold type cold and influenza. It can be used for treating severe cold caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and stagnation of heat, with symptoms of aversion to cold, high fever, headache, limb aches, sore throat, stuffy nose, cough, etc. Analgin and chlorphenamine maleate can dispel wind, detoxify and relieve pain. Used for fever, aversion to cold, stuffy nose and runny nose at the beginning of a cold. Acetaminophen and chlorphenamine maleate Sukankang capsules have the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain. Acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate and vitamin C Sukegan tablets (capsules) are used to clear away heat and toxic materials, dispel wind and relieve pain, for headache, nasal congestion and runny nose, yellow cough, sore throat and gingival swelling and pain caused by wind-heat cold, influenza and upper respiratory tract infection. Acetylsalicylic acid, chlorphenamine maleate and vitamin C Suganning capsules are used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain. It can be used for relieving exterior syndrome caused by wind-heat cold, influenza and upper respiratory tract infection, such as headache, body pain, stuffy nose, runny nose, yellow cough, gingival swelling and pain, etc. Acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate, vitamin C and vitamin C Yinqiao tablets are pungent and cool, clearing away heat and toxic materials. Used for relieving exterior syndrome caused by influenza, such as fever, headache, dry mouth, sore throat, etc., acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate and vitamin C Qiangli Ganmao tablet (Qiangli tablet), clearing away heat and toxic materials,Antipyretic and analgesic. Acetaminophen Ganmaoqing tablet (capsule) is used for dispelling pathogenic wind, relieving exterior syndrome, clearing away heat and toxic materials for colds, fever, headache, dry mouth, cough and sore throat. Acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, and maringuanidine hydrochloride suganning capsules are used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain for wind-heat common cold, fever, headache, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat and general aches. It can be used for clearing away heat and toxic materials for common cold, influenza, sore throat and parotitis in children. It can be used for relieving fever and pain of wind-heat common cold, mumps and laryngitis with acetylsalicylic acid Ganmaoling capsule (granule). Acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate and Caffeine Ganteling capsules are used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, clearing away lung heat and relieving cough. It is used for clearing away heat, detoxicating and relieving exterior syndrome caused by cough, runny nose, headache, dizziness and other symptoms in the early stage of cold. It can be use for relieving exterior syndrome, clear away heat and toxic materials with acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate and compound Ganmaoling tablets (capsules) of moroxydine hydrochloride. It can be used for relieving exterior symptoms, clearing away heat and toxic materials, such as fever, slight aversion to wind-heat-cold, headache, dry mouth, stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, yellow and sticky phlegm, paracetamol, chlorphenamine maleate and caffeine Jinling Ganmao tablets. Acetylsalicylic acid, chlorphenamine maleate and vitamin C Yinju Qingjie tablets are used for colds and upper respiratory tract infections, which are pungent and cool, clear away heat and toxic materials.It can be used for treating exogenous wind-heat, fever, aversion to cold, headache, cough, sore throat, etc. Acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate, new compound isatis indigotica leaves, clearing away plague, diminishing inflammation and relieving fever. It can be used to relieve fever, headache, nasal discharge and nasal discharge, joint pain, acetaminophen, vitamin C, caffeine, and pentobarbital Kangganling tablets. It can be used for treating nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy throat, cough and headache, aches all over the body, persistent high fever and complications such as tonsillitis and lymphadenitis caused by cold. Acetaminophen Guanhuang Ganmao Granule can cool the exterior, disperse the lung and relieve cough. It can be used for relieving fever and pain of wind-heat common cold, fever and aversion to wind, headache and nasal congestion, and cough with phlegm. Used for headache, fever, stuffy nose, cough and sore throat caused by common cold, acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate and caffeine.

Tonifying drug

The product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients, such as Lijiashou Tablet, which can tonify spleen and kidney, nourish yin and blood, improve intelligence and soothe the nerves. It can be used for fatigue, palpitation, insomnia, forgetfulness, frequent urination, etc. due to senility, and it can also be used for strengthening physique in the recovery period of chronic diseases. Vitamin E Weierkang capsule has the functions of strengthening spleen, strengthening body resistance, calming nerves and improving intelligence, and delaying aging. It can be used for the elderly who are weak, forgetful, dirty and impatient, and the elderly with dark spots. It can also be used as an auxiliary treatment for hypochondriac pain, fatigue and short breath. Vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin B1 compound Ziziphus jujuba seed capsules nourish blood and soothe the nerves. L-tetrahydropalmatine Jianpi Shengxue Granule is used for invigorating spleen and stomach, nourishing blood and tranquilizing the mind. Used for iron deficiency anemia of children with spleen and stomach weakness and heart and spleen deficiency; Adult iron deficiency anemia with deficiency of both qi and blood. Symptoms include sallow or white complexion, anorexia, bloating, constipation, irritability, sweating, lassitude, fat and pale tongue, thin and white fur, and weak pulse. Ferrous sulfate Weixuekang syrup can tonify kidney and spleen, replenish blood and nourish yin, and is used for spleen and kidney deficiency, essence and blood deficiency, sallow complexion, dizziness and tinnitus, soreness of waist and knees, and fatigue and thinness. And nutritional anemia and iron deficiency anemia belong to the above syndromes, and ferrous sulfate Shenqi Lidekang tablets can invigorate qi and nourish blood, and promote yang and stomach. For deficiency of qi and blood, stagnation of qi in middle energizer, fatigue, inappetence, poor sleep and diarrhea, Vitamin E Yikang capsule can regulate the whole body metabolism, restore cell vitality, improve cardiovascular function, strengthen the brain, keep fit, delay aging, and strengthen the body resistance. Can be used for treating coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, cerebral arteriosclerosis, and senile vision loss.Vitamin E and Vitamin A anti-brain-failure capsules have auxiliary therapeutic effects on hypothyroidism and chronic senile bronchitis, and have the functions of tonifying kidney and replenishing essence, benefiting qi and nourishing blood, strengthening body and strengthening brain. It is used for nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing heart and tranquilizing the mind, such as mental fatigue, insomnia, dreaminess, dizziness, weakness and memory loss caused by deficiency of kidney essence and liver deficiency and blood deficiency. For patients with liver and kidney deficiency, mental dystrophy, forgetfulness, insomnia, dysphoria, MUBI, hot flashes, night sweats, mental fatigue and neurasthenia, vitamin E and vitamin B1 Gengnianshu tablets nourish liver and kidney, nourish yin and blood, remove blood stasis, regulate menstruation, regulate temperature, kidney, nourish nerves and regulate metabolism. For menoxenia, dizziness, palpitation, insomnia caused by climacteric disorder, oryzanol and vitamin B6 Gengnianling capsule are used to warm kidney, benefit yin and tonify yin and yang. The capsule (tablet) of oryzanol, vitamin B6 and vitamin B1 Yujinfang, which is used for women with climacteric syndrome of deficiency of both yin and yang, can tonify primordial qi, nourish liver and kidney, and regulate qi and blood. Indications: palpitation and thoracic obstruction caused by deficiency of vital energy and deficiency of liver and kidney. It can be used for treating coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, asthenia, senile plaque and premature senility, including procaine hydrochloride, benzoic acid, potassium sulfite, vitamin B1, vitamin E, dicalcium phosphate and vitamin C.

hypotensor

The name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients, Zhenju Jiangya Tablet, to lower blood pressure. Clonidine hydrochloride for hypertension and hydrochlorothiazide for lowering blood pressure and avoiding wind tablets for clearing heat and calming liver, and hydrochlorothiazide for headache and dizziness caused by excessive liver and gallbladder fire.

Digestive medication

Compound Tianqi weitong tablet (capsule) contains western medicine ingredients, which can make acid and relieve pain, regulate qi and remove blood stasis, warm the middle warmer and strengthen the spleen, and stop bleeding. It can be used for treating hyperacidity, epigastric pain, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis. Magnesium oxide and sodium bicarbonate Shenqu Weitong tablets (capsules) can relieve pain, promote granulation, regulate qi, strengthen spleen and promote digestion. It can be use for treating hyperacidity, stomachache, dyspepsia, and anorexia. compound Chenxiangwei tablet of aluminum hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate can promote qi circulation, regulate stomach, stop acid and relieve pain. It can be used for treating epigastric pain due to qi stagnation, abdominal distension, belching and acid swallowing, and gastric and duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis with the above symptoms. Sodium bicarbonate, heavy magnesium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide Zhenhuangwei tablets are fragrant and invigorating the stomach, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain, stopping bleeding and promoting granulation. It can be used for treating epigastric distension and pain, anorexia and acid regurgitation caused by qi stagnation and blood stasis, dampness and turbidity, and for patients with peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis who see the above symptoms, calcium carbonate Huowei capsule (powder) can regulate qi and stomach, reduce adverse reactions and stop vomiting. It can be used for treating fullness of chest and ribs, epigastric pain, dysphoria, vomiting, acid swallowing, dyspepsia, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate Weining powder (Xintong oral liquid) and stomach pain caused by liver depression and spleen-stomach disharmony. It can be used for treating digestive tract ulcer with sodium bicarbonate and magnesium trisilicate Compound Houtou Granule for flatulence, abdominal pain and dyspepsia. Used for gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, aluminum sulfate, bismuth subnitrate, and magnesium trisilicate Kuiyangning tablets to make acid, relieve spasm, relieve pain, stop bleeding, adjust gastrointestinal function, and promote the healing of ulcer surface. For gastric and duodenal ulcer, vitamin U, atropine sulfate, hydrochlorothiazide and procaine hydrochloride Guhaisheng tablets are used to invigorate qi and spleen, promote qi circulation and relieve pain, promote blood circulation and regulate muscles.Furazolidone, sodium carbenoxolone and berberine hydrochloride tablets are used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, resisting bacteria and stopping dysentery, which are caused by spleen deficiency, qi stagnation and blood stasis. For acute dysentery, enteritis and diarrhea with damp-heat syndrome, trimethoprim Xiaoyan Zhililing tablets have the functions of clearing heat, eliminating dampness, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation. It can be used for clearing away heat and cooling blood, strengthening spleen and regulating stomach, and relieving acid and pain. It can be used for stomach heat burning, epigastric pain, nausea and acid swallowing, anorexia and fatigue, chronic gastritis, and gastric and duodenal ulcer. Bismuth nitrate, magnesium oxide, and aluminum hydroxide Chen Xiang Lu Bailu tablets can strengthen the stomach, regulate qi and relieve pain. It can be used for treating gastric ulcer, erosive gastritis, hyperacidity, acute and chronic gastritis, gastrointestinal neurosis and duodenitis, etc. Sodium bicarbonate, bismuth subnitrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate.

Diabetics

The product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients, such as Xiaoke Pill, nourishing kidney and yin, benefiting qi and producing essence. It can be used for diabetes with deficiency of both qi and blood (non-insulin-dependent diabetes). Symptoms include thirst, polydipsia, polyphagia, hunger, emaciation, fatigue and weakness, shortness of breath and laziness, etc. Glibenclamide Xiaotangling Capsule has the functions of benefiting qi and nourishing yin, clearing away heat and purging fire, benefiting kidney and reducing urine. Glibenclamide for diabetes mellitus

Antitussive, antiasthmatic and expectorant drugs

Product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients, such as Tankejing Powder, dredging orifices and smoothing qi, diminishing inflammation and relieving cough, and promoting expectoration. It can be used for treating cough, excessive phlegm, shortness of breath and asthma caused by acute and chronic bronchitis, pharyngolaryngitis, emphysema, etc. Caffeine Ansou syrup can moisten lung, eliminate phlegm, and relieve cough and asthma. It can be used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, such as phlegm-heat blocking lung, shortness of breath, cough with sticky phlegm, thirst and dry throat, ephedrine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride Qingke powder. It can be used for relieving asthma, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm in acute and chronic pharyngolaryngitis caused by phlegm-heat resistance and upper respiratory tract inflammation. Used for relieving cough and eliminating phlegm with chlorphenamine maleate and Clenbuterol Iulian Rosu Kepipa syrup for acute and chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Used for eliminating phlegm and relieving cough with ammonium chloride sufeike syrup for bronchitis caused by common cold. Ephedrine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride shufei syrup can be used for relieving cough and phlegm due to cough, asthma, excessive phlegm and bronchitis. It can be used for relieving asthma, eliminating phlegm, tranquilizing and relieving cough in acute and chronic bronchitis. It can be used for relieving asthma, eliminating phlegm, relieving cough and diminishing inflammation with chlorphenamine hydrochloride and decloxizine Qing ‘an Chuanding hydrochloride tablets for bronchial asthma and chronic tracheitis. Clenbuterol Kechuan Plaster is used for relieving cough and asthma, promoting diuresis and eliminating phlegm for chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. It can be used for clearing away lung-heat, relieving cough and relieving asthma, such as simple chronic tracheitis, asthmatic chronic tracheitis and asthma (except those caused by heart). It can be used for relieving cough, resolving phlegm and relieving asthma with ephedrine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride Tianyi Zhike syrup.Ephedrine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride mango Zhike tablet are used for treating common cold, cough, excessive phlegm, bronchial asthma and other diseases. Used for cough, asthma and phlegm. Chlorphenamine Hydrochloride Ketanqing Tablets can clear lung-heat, eliminate phlegm, relieve cough and asthma. Ephedrine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride Huatan Pingchuan tablets are used for clearing away heat and phlegm, relieving cough and asthma. It can be used for treating acute and chronic tracheitis, emphysema, cough with excessive phlegm, and asthma with chest fullness, warming kidney, absorbing qi, resolving phlegm and relieving asthma. Can be used for treating chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and emphysema, and is especially suitable for relieving cough and phlegm with clenbuterol Zhenkening syrup for asthmatic bronchitis. Ephedrine hydrochloride and antimony potassium tartrate Xiaokening tablets are used for relieving cough and eliminating phlegm for colds, cough, bronchitis and asthma. It can be used for relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, relieving asthma and diminishing inflammation with ephedrine hydrochloride and calcium carbonate Keteling tablets (capsules). Used for relieving cough and chronic bronchitis, chlorphenamine maleate xiaotanke tablet can clear away heat, eliminate phlegm, and relieve cough and asthma. It can be used for relieving cough and expectoration, dispersing lung qi and relieving asthma in acute and chronic bronchitis with phlegm-heat syndrome, or with symptoms of wheezing, such as ipratropium hydrochloride, trimethoprim and sulfanilamide Anchuan tablets. It can be used for treating phlegm invading the lung, lung failure, chest distress, cough, wheezing, excessive phlegm, acute and chronic bronchitis with the above symptoms, such as chlorpheniramine maleate, clenbuterol, qigong tablet, tonifying kidney, invigorating qi, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm. It can be used for treating lung and kidney deficiency, phlegm obstructing lung, chest distress, dyspnea, cough with excessive phlegm, soreness of waist and knees, chronic tracheitis and obstructive emphysema. Clentro

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs

The name and efficacy of Zhijiangning tablets contain western medicine ingredients, such as activating qi and removing blood stasis, promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals, benefiting essence and blood, and reducing blood fat. For chest pain, dizziness, tinnitus, numbness of limbs, hyperlipidemia or hyperlipidemia complicated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, etc. Vitamin C and aluminum clofibrate Guantong tablets can increase coronary blood flow, reduce coronary artery resistance, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and lower blood pressure. For coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, hypertension and other diseases, vitamin C and Maijunan tablets of isodeoxycholic acid can calm the liver, calm the wind, relieve muscle and relieve pain. It can be used for treating hypertension, headache, dizziness, neck pain, insomnia, palpitation, coronary heart disease, etc. Hydrochlorothiazide Mailuotong Granule can invigorate qi and promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis and relieve pain. It can be used for chest pain, chest distress, shortness of breath, headache, dizziness and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease caused by chest obstruction, as well as limb numbness and hemiplegia caused by stroke. Vitamin C and sodium bicarbonate compound Wurenchun capsule can clear away heat and promote gallbladder function, calm the liver and nourish blood, and reduce alanine aminotransferase. It can be used for treating persistent and chronic hepatitis with calcium carbonate, gallbladder nourishing, soothing liver, relieving pain, clearing away heat and promoting gallbladder function. Sodium cholate can be used for treating acute and chronic cholecystitis, biliary tract infection, gallbladder and biliary calculus.

Drugs for regulating qi and blood

The efficacy of Xinxuebao capsule contains western medicine ingredients, such as enriching blood and benefiting qi, strengthening spleen and regulating stomach. It can be used for gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhoid bleeding and menorrhagia, especially for iron deficiency anemia caused by pregnancy and partial eclipse, such as soothing liver, regulating qi, nourishing blood and regulating menstruation. Calcium carbonate for treating symptoms such as liver depression and blood deficiency, irregular menstruation, menstrual abdominal pain, amenorrhea, etc.

Drug use in five sense organs

The name and efficacy of nasal comfort tablets contain western medicine ingredients, which can clear away heat, diminish inflammation and induce resuscitation. It can be used to treat sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis caused by chronic rhinitis. Chlorphenamine maleate Biyankang tablet has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispersing lung qi, dredging orifices, relieving swelling and pain. Used for acute and chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, etc. Chlorphenamine Maleate Kangle Biyan Tablet has the functions of dispelling wind, clearing heat, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, eliminating dampness and inducing resuscitation. It can be used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispelling wind and inducing resuscitation, and treating colds, stuffy nose, and nasosinusitis (acute and chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis) caused by exogenous pathogenic wind, stagnation of heat in gallbladder channels, and damp heat in spleen and stomach. It can be used for treating allergic rhinitis, chronic simple rhinitis, headache, stuffy nose and runny nose caused by wind-heat accumulation.

Pediatric medication

Product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients. Xiaoer antipyretic suppository has antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used for strengthening spleen, promoting digestion and stopping diarrhea in children with fever such as common cold and upper respiratory tract infection. It can be used for treating dyspepsia, indigestion, abdominal pain and diarrhea, and compound sodium bicarbonate powder for expelling worms and resolving food stagnation. Levamisole Hydrochloride Linjiang Wind Medicine for Children Ascariasis has the functions of dispelling wind and clearing heat, inducing resuscitation and eliminating phlegm, calming the liver and calming the wind, and relieving static spasm. For children with acute and chronic convulsion; Syndrome of exterior-interior excess heat, such as excessive phlegm-heat and limb twitching, can strengthen the muscles and bones of acetaminophen Longmuzhuanggu Granule, regulate the stomach and strengthen the spleen. Can be used for treating and preventing rickets and rickets in children; It also has therapeutic effects on hyperhidrosis, night terrors, anorexia, dyspepsia, and developmental retardation in children. Vitamin D2 and calcium gluconate Xiaoer Zhike syrup can eliminate phlegm and relieve cough. Used for cough caused by children’s cold, ammonium chloride compound infantile antipyretic suppository has antipyretic and analgesic effects, sore throat and detoxification, expectorant and sedative effects. Acetaminophen is used for children with fever, upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, palpitation, sore throat and cough due to lung heat and phlegm.

for external use

The efficacy of Kecuoyintong cream containing western medicine ingredients inhibits the secretion of sebaceous glands and the growth of acne bacilli. It is used for clearing away heat and dampness, removing putrefaction and promoting granulation with trimethoprim, vitamin A and vitamin E Kun Jing suppository for blackheads, whiteheads and pustules. For vaginitis, cervical erosion, cervicitis, etc. with damp-heat downward flow, Furazolidone Penyan Qingshuan has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation, and relieving swelling and pain. It can be used for toxic blood stasis, abdominal distension and pain, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, and excessive leucorrhea. As well as pelvic inflammatory disease and adnexitis, indomethacin centipede zhuifeng ointment can detoxify and promote granulation, reduce swelling and relieve pain. It can be used for treating malignant sores, carbuncle, carbuncle, carbuncle, carbuncle, scrofula, mastitis, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride wound, and can be applied to stop bleeding, diminish inflammation and heal wounds. Calcium oxide, furacilin and ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate for small-area surgical trauma. Musk ointment for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis has the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain. It can be used for joint sprain, soft tissue contusion, acute lumbar sprain, lumbar muscle strain, scapulohumeral periarthritis, unhealed chilblain, erythema nodosum diphenhydramine hydrochloride and procaine hydrochloride for expelling wind, relieving itching, moisturizing and killing insects. Benzoic acid and salicylic acid Jinguning ointment are used for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, relieving swelling and pain, relaxing tendons and activating collaterals for tinea manus, tinea pedis, tinea cruris and tinea corporis. Used for stopping bleeding, relieving pain, diminishing inflammation, detoxicating and astringing with methyl salicylate and diphenhydramine hydrochloride Huazhi suppository for closed fracture and traumatic injury. It is use for promoting blood circulation, remove blood stasis, and relieving swelling and pain. It can be used for relieving inflammation and inducing resuscitation of functional disorder caused by hyperosteogeny, soft tissue injury and swelling and pain caused by Kaschin-Beck disease.Used for sterilization, anti-inflammation and antisepsis of ephedrine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride Laner powder for allergic rhinitis, acute and chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. For ear swelling, pus discharge, ear rot, ear bottom ulcer, zinc oxide, sulfadiazine and hafuron powder sterilization, anti-inflammatory, astringent and analgesic. It can be used for ear eczema, otitis externa and traumatic hemorrhage to relax bronchi with nitrofurazone Zhikeling aerosol. It can be used to treat bronchial asthma, asthmatic bronchitis and other symptoms, and clenbuterol powder can remove stagnation and blood stasis. Berberine and riboflavin for senile cataract and corneal nebula.

Other drugs

The product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients Xiaozhiling injection to astringe and stop bleeding. It can be used for internal hemorrhoid bleeding, internal hemorrhoid at various stages and varicose mixed hemorrhoid injection Yaoxitong Capsule to relax tendons and activate collaterals, remove blood stasis and relieve pain, and promote blood circulation and dispel wind. It can be use for treating rheumatic arthritis, hypertrophic lumbar spondylitis, hypertrophic thoracic spondylitis, cervical spondylitis, sciatica, and lumbar muscle strain, and has effect in clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation, remove blood stasis, relieving swelling and pain. Indomethacin Qianglikang Granule can be used to strengthen the body resistance and strengthen the body, such as throat tumor, toothache, hypochondriac pain, jaundice, nameless swelling caused by heat toxin and blood stasis. Vitamin E is used for various tumors during radiotherapy and chemotherapy, acute and chronic hepatitis, leukopenia and chronic diseases.

Source: Drug circle network users finishing

Original title: "Chaoquan: 110 kinds of Chinese patent medicines containing western medicine! (Schedule) "

Read the original text

　　[Editor’s Note] Although patent standardization can promote innovation, improve efficiency, reduce consumers’ adaptation costs and eliminate international trade barriers, it also greatly enhances the position of standardization organization participants in patent licensing negotiations, leading them to demand unfair, unreasonable and discriminatory patent licensing fees from standard users, namely patent licensees. Therefore, the patent system needs to fully consider the connection with the standard, and further improve the patent system related to the standard, especially the patent licensing fee system. This paper analyzes the system related to the standard-related essential patent in combination with the legal application of the US court and the China court in the cases of Microsoft v. Motorola and Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company respectively.

　　I. Introduction

　　There is no unified and clear definition of Standards-Essential Patents, SEP) [1]. We believe that if the implementation of technical standards must be based on infringement of patent rights, even if there are other technologies that can be included in the standards, the patent is a necessary patent for relevant technical standards. Standard refers to a normative document that is formulated by consensus and approved by recognized institutions, used together and reused in order to obtain the best order in a certain range [2]. Although patent standardization can promote innovation, improve efficiency, reduce consumers’ adaptation costs and eliminate international trade barriers, it also greatly enhances the position of standardization organization participants in patent licensing negotiations, leading them to demand unfair, unreasonable and discriminatory patent licensing fees from standard users, namely patent licensees.

　　In order to seek a balance between technical standardization for public use and patent protection, ISO in its relevant intellectual property policies not only requires standard participants to disclose the patents they own or actually control to ISO in time, but also requires them to promise to license all standard implementers to use their patents on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms. This is the "FRAND" principle that the patentee of standard essential patent must abide by in the licensing of standard essential patent.

　　Take the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI) as an example, the 4th.1 of its intellectual property policy stipulates: "During the development of the standards or technical regulations in which it participates, every member shall make reasonable efforts to inform ETSI of its necessary intellectual property rights in time. In particular, members who put forward technical suggestions for standards or technical specifications should draw ETSI’s attention in good faith to any intellectual property rights that may become necessary if their suggestions are adopted. " ETSI’s intellectual property policy 6.1 further stipulates: "If the necessary intellectual property rights related to a specific standard or technical specification have attracted ETSI’s attention, ETSI’s director-general shall immediately require the necessary intellectual property owner to make a written commitment within three months, and at least within the following scope, it is ready to grant an irrevocable use license under fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory conditions; Manufacturing, non-manufacturing or OEM are used to manufacture customized components or subsystems that meet the licensee’s own design standards; Sell, lease or otherwise dispose of the equipment manufactured in the above manner; Maintenance, use or operation of the above equipment; How to use it. "

　　However, the standardization organization has not made any provisions or expressed any opinions on how to judge the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard, which leads to difficulties. In April, 2013 and October, 2013, the US court and the China court respectively expressed their opinions on how to judge the FRAND standard essential patent license fee in the cases of Microsoft v. Motorola and Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company. However, due to the differences in the cultural background and legal accumulation of the judges of the two countries, the judgments of the two countries have their own characteristics and show great differences. [3] Based on the judgments of the above two cases, this paper makes a comparative study on several issues related to the calculation of essential patent royalties of FRAND standard, and draws some possible beneficial conclusions on this basis.

　　Second, the FRAND standard essential patent related system policy considerations

　　In the case of Huawei v. Interactive Digital Corporation of America, in order to evaluate the standard necessary patent license fees in line with the FRAND principle, the courts of first and second instance mainly considered the following three policy factors: total control, anti-patent hijacking and anti-patent license fee stacking. The first is total control, which means that the license fee of standard essential patent cannot exceed a certain proportion of the product profit of standard essential patent users. The courts of first and second instance of Huawei case held that technology, investment, management and labor jointly created product profits, and patented technology only created one factor of product profits. Therefore, the license fee required by the patentee should not exceed the total profit of users’ products in any case, otherwise, the license fee cannot be considered as conforming to the FRAND principle. The second is anti-patent hijacking. Patent hijacking refers to the ability of the patentee to claim more than the value of the patented technology itself and the ability to try to grab the value of the technical standard or regulation itself. In the judgment of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company, the courts of first instance and second instance did not explicitly use the concept of "anti-patent hijacking", but both courts held that the patentee of standard necessity should not profit from the standard itself, and its contribution lies in innovative technology rather than the standardization of its patent. That is to say, the two courts actually think that the necessary patent license fee should prevent the occurrence of patent hijacking. The third is Anti-Royalty Stacking.Stacking of patent license fees refers to the phenomenon that the licensee pays many different standard essential patentees over the license fees for one standard. Huawei’s courts of first and second instance both hold that a standard or technical specification contains many standard essential patents, and any standard essential patentee can only get the license fee due to him.

　　Different from the judgment of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company, the judge of Microsoft v. Motorola clearly used the concepts of anti-patent hijacking and anti-patent license fee stacking in addition to the above three policies, and also considered the following two policy factors. First, the necessary patent licensing fees of FRAND standards should be maintained at a level that can promote the wide adoption of standards, which is also the main purpose of ISO [4]. Second, the method of determining the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard should ensure that valuable patents can get reasonable royalties in order to establish truly valuable standards, which is also one of the goals of ISO [5].

　　Comparatively speaking, the judge in the case of Microsoft v. Motorola has considered the policy factors involved in the calculation of FRAND standard essential patent license fees more comprehensively, which is conducive to better balancing the interests of standard essential patentees, standard users and social public interests. In this regard, as stated in the judgment of Microsoft case, if the standard essential patent license fee is too high, although not using ISO standards may mean huge market entry barriers for market participants, if the standard essential patent license fee is higher than the cost for market participants to overcome market entry barriers, market participants will choose not to adopt ISO standards, which is very unfavorable for the popularization and application of standards. On the other hand, the creation of valuable standards is of great benefit to the whole society, but valuable standards depend on valuable technology. After the valuable technology is included in the standard, the patentee will lose the basic incentive to participate in the standardization organization if he can’t get reasonable and sufficient royalties, or even get less royalties than before being included in the standard. Of course, there are many necessary patents in a standard, but the technical content and contribution rate of each patent cannot be completely consistent. How to ensure that patents with more technical content and greater contribution to the standard get more royalties is also a problem that FRAND principle must consider. It is a great pity that the policy considerations in the first and second judgments of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company failed to involve the above two extremely important factors.

　　Most importantly, when determining the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard, the first-instance and second-instance judgments of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company considered the above three policy factors, but they were limited to general analysis, and this general analysis was not further applied to the specific analysis of the case. For example, the judgments in the first and second instance of Huawei case did not examine how many standard essential patents existed in WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and other standards involved, how many of these standard essential patents belonged to China standard essential patents, how many of these standard essential patents belonged to American Interactive Digital Company, and what specific standards were involved in the China standard essential patents of Interactive Digital Company. The judgments in the first and second instance of Huawei case also failed to examine the contribution of China standard essential patents of American Interactive Digital Company to relevant specific standards, which products of Huawei used these China standard essential patents of American Interactive Digital Company, and what contribution these standard essential patents of American Interactive Digital Company made to Huawei products. Although it is difficult to investigate and analyze these factors, the courts of first and second instance of Huawei case have to face them because these factors are closely related to whether the patent license fee demanded by American Interactive Digital Company constitutes patent hijacking and patent royalty stacking.

　　Different from Huawei’s first-instance and second-instance judgments, Microsoft’s judgment solved the above problems as much as possible despite great difficulties. The Microsoft case first determined that Motorola had the necessary patents in H.264 and 802.11 standards. In order to establish the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard related to H.264 standard, the Microsoft case first analyzes the development background and technical context of H.264 standard, including the development time of the standard, the technical characteristics and level of the standard itself, patents related to the standard, and Motorola’s contribution in the development and establishment of the standard. Secondly, the contribution of Motorola patent to H.264 standard is analyzed. The Microsoft case first identified six patent families that Motorola is necessary for H.264 standard, and then analyzed the contribution of each patent family to H.264 in detail. Thirdly, the Microsoft case judgment analyzes the contribution of Motorola patents to Microsoft products. The Microsoft case first determines that Microsoft’s products using H.264 include Windows, Xbox, Silverlight, Zune, Lync and Skype, and then reviews the contribution of each patent family of Motorola to each of the above products.

　　In order to establish the license fee of FRAND standard essential patents related to the 802.11 standard, the Microsoft case first examines the development history of the standard, and then reviews the relative technical value of different parts of the 802.11 standard, covering the number of all patents of the 802.11 standard, the number of Motorola patents in the 802.11 standard, the number (11) of Microsoft’s use of Motorola 802.11 standard essential patents and products, and the impact of Motorola’s 11 standard essential patents on 8001.

　　Third, the economic analysis of FRAND standard essential patent related system

　　Next, the specific method of calculating the standard necessary patent license fee is analyzed. In the case of Huawei v. Interactive Digital Corporation of America, neither Huawei as plaintiff nor Interactive Digital Corporation of America as defendant put forward a specific method to calculate the standard and necessary patent license fee in accordance with the FRAND principle. The calculation method adopted in the judgments of first instance and second instance is the comparison method. The so-called comparison method, according to the understanding of the court of second instance of Huawei case, means that the standard essential patent holder should charge the standard essential patent implementer basically the same license fee or adopt basically the same license fee under the condition of basically the same transaction conditions. Under basically the same trading conditions, if the standard essential patentee gives a licensee a lower license fee and gives another licensee a higher license fee, by comparison, the latter has reason to think that it has been discriminated against, so the standard essential patentee violates the promise of non-discriminatory use license. In order to carry out the above comparison method, the first and second judgments of Huawei case selected the standard essential patent license fee granted by American Interactive Digital Company to Apple as the reference object, and therefore determined that the standard essential patent license fee granted by American Interactive Digital Company to Huawei should be roughly the same as that granted to Apple.

　　The so-called choice of the standard necessary patent license fee given by Interactive Digital Company to Apple in the first and second judgments of Huawei case is mainly based on the following two aspects of evidence: First, a statistical and analytical report by the world-renowned analysis company STRATEGY ANALYTICS Inc In this report, STRATEGY ANALYTICS Inc counts and analyzes the shipments, market share, net sales and operating income of several famous global mobile phone providers from 2007 to 2012. Nokia, Samsung, Apple, LG Electronics, RIM, Motorola, HTC and Sony are all on its analysis list, but Huawei is not on its analysis list. According to the analysis report and forecast, Apple’s sales from 2007 to 2012 were about $300 billion, and Samsung’s net sales were about $209.751 billion. Second, in the third quarter of 2007, Interactive Digital signed a global, non-transferable, non-exclusive patent licensing agreement with a fixed license fee with a license period of seven years from June 29th, 2007. The licensed patent portfolio covers the then IPHONE and some future mobile phone technologies. In 2009, Interactive Digital signed a patent licensing agreement with Samsung and its subsidiaries.Grant Samsung a non-exclusive fixed patent license fee for terminal equipment and infrastructure under 2G and 3G standards worldwide, with the license period ending in 2012. However, the difference between the licensing agreement signed by American Interactive Digital Company and Samsung Company and the licensing agreement signed with Apple Company is that the former is a voluntary licensing agreement reached through equal consultation, while the latter is a licensing agreement that Samsung Company was forced to sign when American Interactive Digital Company filed a lawsuit. The meaning of the first-instance and second-instance judgments in Huawei case is very obvious. That is to say, the license granted by American Interactive Digital Company to Apple is voluntary, so it conforms to the FRAND principle, while the license granted to Samsung is very likely involuntary, so it does not conform to the FRAND principle. Therefore, the license fee of the former can only be used as a reference for the calculation of the necessary patent license fee of the FRAND standard in this case.

　　Although the comparison method is a simple and easy method, it is very necessary to list all the elements of the compared object as much as possible in order to obtain a more reliable comparison conclusion. It is a great pity that although the judgments of the first and second instance of Huawei case put forward the premise of "roughly the same trading conditions", they did not tell people what the "trading conditions" referred to here are and what the "trading conditions are the same" referred to here from the perspectives of evidence and legal reasons. By comparison, the court finally determined that American Interactive Digital Company should pay Huawei the China standard necessary patent license fee. The only possible evidence is that from 2007 to 2012, Apple’s net sales exceeded Huawei’s net sales of mobile phones. However, even so, the standard necessary patent license fee that American Interactive Digital Company hopes to obtain from Huawei in its last offer is calculated according to the sales of Huawei’s final mobile phone products, and the term is from 2009 to 2016. In this way, in order to make a scientific comparison, the courts of first and second instance of Huawei case should at least investigate and estimate Huawei’s net sales from 2009 to 2016, or the net sales from 2007 to 2012 in the same period as Apple. Regrettably, the judgments in the first and second instance of Huawei case did not touch on this issue. Under the condition that the minor premise of comparison and reasoning has not been solved, it is debatable whether the comparison conclusion is scientific or not. Besides,When the courts of first and second instance of Huawei case used the standard necessary patent license fee given to Apple by American Interactive Digital Company as a reference, they did not examine whether the license fee was in line with the core value pursued by FRAND, that is, to promote the entry of valuable technologies and the standard itself was widely adopted. If the answer is no, whether the judgment conclusion obtained by comparison can stand is also a question worthy of further consideration.

　　In the case of Microsoft v Motorola, Microsoft, as plaintiff, and Motorola, as defendant, respectively put forward their own methods to calculate the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard. The method proposed by Microsoft is "Incremental value approach". This method pays attention to the situation before the standard is adopted and implemented. The specific operation method is: in order to calculate the economic value of the patented technology included in the standard, we can compare other alternative technologies that can be included in the standard and calculate the specific value of the alternative technology, so as to obtain the value of the patented technology necessary for the standard. The Microsoft case court did not adopt this method proposed by Microsoft. The reason of the court is that this method is not practical. Even so, the Microsoft case court still held that the FRAND royalty must evaluate the value of the patented technology itself, which needs to consider the importance and contribution of the patent to the standard, so comparing the value of the patented technology with the alternative technology that can be included in the standard by the standardization organization can be used as a reference when determining the FRAND royalty. The method proposed by Motorola is a hypothetical bilateral negotiation method. Motorola claims that the authorization conditions of FRAND can be determined by simulating hypothetical bilateral negotiation under the obligation of FRAND authorization.

　　In principle, the Microsoft case adopts the hypothetical bilateral negotiation method, but it has been revised. The reason why the judgment in Microsoft case supports this method is mainly based on the following reasons: the hypothetical negotiation method is supported by authorized negotiation in the real world, and previous courts have made judgments by using this method. In the case of Georgia-Pacific Corp. V. United States Plywood Corp., (318 F. Supp. 1116 (1970)), the court simulated hypothetical bilateral negotiations to determine reasonable royalties through 15 analytical factors, and gained rich experience. When the court simulates a hypothetical bilateral agreement under the obligation of FRAND authorization, it should logically come to the standard necessary patent royalties that both parties consider to be FRAND.

　　However, the Microsoft case judgment did not simply copy the 15-factor analysis method proposed by Georgia-Pacifico judgment. The reasons include: First, the standard necessary patentee must grant the patent under the FRAND authorization conditions, while the patentee who has not assumed the same obligation has complete exclusive rights and can choose not to grant the patent. Second, hypothetical negotiation will hardly take place in a vacuum, and standard users will inevitably realize that there are many different essential patentees and their standard essential patents in the standard. Just because they are authorized by a single standard essential patentee does not mean that the standard can be implemented. On the basis of criticizing and absorbing the above two methods put forward by the original defendant, and on the basis of Georgia-Pacific15 analysis factors, the Microsoft case judgment puts forward a revised hypothetical negotiation method. At the same time, on the issue of patent hijacking, the negotiating parties will investigate the reasonable royalty ratio of FRAND authorization commitment according to the contribution of patent technology to standard technical capability and the contribution of standard technical capability to standard users and products using standards. In this way, an essential patent that is extremely important and key to the standard can reasonably require a higher royalty ratio than a less important essential patent. As for the stack of patent fees, the negotiating parties will consider the existence of other standard essential patentees, and each standard essential patentee will claim the patent fee according to the importance of its patent to the standard and the product of the standard implementer, and reach the royalty ratio on this basis. Finally,Under the condition of FRAND commitment, the rational negotiation parties seeking a reasonable royalty ratio will consider the fact that in order to promote the creation of valuable standards, FRAND authorization commitment must ensure that the owner of valuable intellectual property rights obtains a reasonable royalty for the intellectual property rights. Comparatively speaking, Huawei’s judgment basically failed to consider the above analysis factors because it used a relatively simple comparison method, and the rationality of its judgment should be said to have room for further improvement.

　　Four, the FRAND standard necessary patent license fee calculation.

　　So, how exactly to calculate the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard? As mentioned above, the judgment of Huawei case simply obtained the necessary patent license fee of FRAND China standard that American Interactive Digital Company can claim from Huawei by comparison method, and did not see the specific calculation process and the logical process in the calculation process, so there is not much to be discussed in depth. Based on the judgment of Microsoft case, this part analyzes the specific calculation of the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard.

　　During the trial of Microsoft case, both Microsoft and Motorola put forward their own calculation methods that can be used as the ratio comparison of FRAND royalties. The calculation method put forward by Motorola is that 2.25% of the net sales price of Microsoft’s products with Motorola’s standard essential patents, Windows and Xbox, should be used as the royalty ratio of Microsoft’s authorization to use the patent portfolio with H.264 and 802.11 standards. In order to support its claim, Motorola cited one of the above analysis factors in Georgia-Pacific case, and put forward three sets of existing patent licensing agreements as established royalties for reference. However, the judgment of Microsoft case did not adopt the comparison method proposed by Motorola, and thought that the authorization agreement proposed by Motorola had no reference value for the FRAND royalty ratio of this case. The reason is that the license agreement proposed by Motorola is a litigation settlement agreement, and the actual royalty paid in some license agreements is far less than the amount requested in this case. The value proportion of standard essential patents in some license agreements cannot be distinguished, and the standard essential patents involved in some license agreements have passed the protection period. At the same time, the Microsoft judgment holds that even if Motorola’s above-mentioned royalty ratio for calculating its standard essential patents is correct, Motorola’s royalty required for its 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio will obviously cause concern about royalty stacking. Accordingly, the Microsoft case decided that,Motorola’s 2.25% royalty rate related to H.264 and 802.11 standards does not conform to the FRAND principle.

　　The comparison objects proposed by Microsoft include the practical operation methods of two patent pools, one is MPEG LA H.264 patent pool, and the other is Via Licensing 802.11 patent pool, as well as an authorization agreement and a patent authorization evaluation suggestion. Regarding whether the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 can be used as a reference for the necessary patent royalty ratio of the FRAND standard in this case, the Microsoft judgment gave a positive answer. The reason for the decision in Microsoft case is that FRAND royalties should be in line with the purpose of promoting the widespread adoption of SSOs standards and attracting a wide range of patentees to put their patents into the patent pool, and MPEG LA H.264 patent pool can just achieve the purpose of SSOs. The evidence in this case shows that, on the one hand, when Microsoft, Motorola and other enterprises created the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, the royalty ratio set was high enough to attract a considerable number of patentees to put their patents into the patent pool; on the other hand, the royalty ratio set was low enough to ensure that enough standard users were willing to use the patented technology in the H.264 standard instead of alternative technology. This approach coincides with the basic principles of FRAND’s authorization commitment. In addition, the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 also echoes another basic principle of FRAND’s authorization commitment, that is, to create valuable standard technologies.

　　Then, how did the Microsoft case judge calculate the necessary patent fees of FRAND standard related to H.264 standard that Motorola should obtain? According to the Microsoft case, Motorola’s royalty from the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 includes two parts. Part of it is the appropriate royalty that should be allocated according to the number of patents from the royalties obtained from the patent pool as a member of the patent pool. The other part is the value of Motorola’s unrestricted access to a large number of technologies contained in the patent pool, that is, the royalties that should be obtained from the unrestricted internal cross-licensing of patent pool members, or the identity value of Motorola as a member of the patent pool. Regarding the former part of the royalties, the Microsoft case decided that according to the total amount of royalties obtained from the external license of the MPEG LA H.264 patent pool and the number of standard necessary patents of Motorola in the patent pool, the royalties that Motorola should receive were 0.185 cents for each product of Microsoft. Regarding the latter part of the royalties, that is, the identity value of Motorola as a member of the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, the only relevant evidence in this case is that after Microsoft joined the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, the fees paid to the patent pool were twice as much as the royalties obtained from the patent pool, which shows that the reason why Microsoft joined the patent pool is that it pays more attention to its identity as a member of the patent pool than the royalties that can be obtained from the patent pool. Because of this identity,Microsoft can clear all the obstacles of rights and use the patented technology in the patent pool without restriction. In other words, Microsoft believes that the membership of the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 is at least equivalent to twice the value of its royalties. On this basis, the judgment in the Microsoft case presumes that, in the absence of other obvious evidence, like Microsoft, Google, the parent company of Motorola, also thinks that its membership in the MPEG LA H.264 patent pool is equivalent to providing it with twice the value of the royalties it should get as a licensor. The judgment in the Microsoft case further infers that the sum of the two royalties (0.185+2×0.185) is 0.555 cents, which is the FRAND royalty that Motorola should get from Microsoft for every product that uses Motorola’s standard essential patent. However, this is only the lower limit of FRAND royalty ratio of Motorola’s H.264 standard essential patent portfolio. According to the Microsoft case, in order to prevent the stack of royalties, the upper limit of FRAND royalties must also be calculated. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of all kinds of evidence, the upper limit of Motorola H.264 standard essential patent portfolio rights calculated by Microsoft case is $0.16389 per single product, which is applicable to Microsoft’s Windows and Xbox products.

　　With regard to the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11, although the judgment in Microsoft case noted that it, like the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, did not distinguish the technical value of patents in the patent pool, but distributed the royalties equally, which led to its failure to attract patentees and standard implementers, and failed to encourage the wide adoption of the standard of Via Licensing 802.11, because of its certain characteristics, the judgment in Microsoft case held that it could still be used as a reference for FRAND royalty ratio. For example, the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11 mainly focuses on specific standards and covers the same products with the same end use as the disputed products in this case. In addition, the evidence shows that although the actual operation of the patent pool failed to achieve the purpose of promoting the wide adoption of standards, its establishment still followed this purpose, so the royalty ratio it established can still be used to show what kind of royalty ratio is in line with the FRAND principle in specific industrial activities. On this basis, the Microsoft case decided that the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11 can be used as a reference for the FRAND royalties of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio. Based on the same reasoning as the H.264 patent pool, the Microsoft case decided that if Motorola participates in the Via Licensing 802.11 patent pool, it can obtain other value equivalent to twice the royalties collected through the patent pool.

　　The judgment of Microsoft case holds that the parties to hypothetical negotiation will regard the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11 as a reference for the necessary patent royalties of the 802.11 standard, and determine the FRAND royalties on this basis. In the Microsoft case, Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent has only a small technical value to the 802.11 standard, so in their hypothetical negotiation, Microsoft and Motorola will think that the royalty ratio of 6.114 cents per single product estimated according to the patent pool practice will be higher than the FRAND royalty ratio that Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio should receive.

　　During the trial, Microsoft proposed that the royalty rate paid by Marvell Semiconductor,Inc, a third-party company, for its patents in Wi-Fi chip products could be used as a reference for the FRAND royalty rate of the 802.11 standard essential patents in this case. The judgment of Microsoft case holds that the royalty ratio of the third-party company provides "the usual royalty ratio that can be obtained in a specific commercial field" for this case. Therefore, it is held that 1% of the price of each single chip implementing the 802.11 standard, that is, 3 to 4 cents per single chip, can be used as a reference for the royalty ratio of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio.

　　The third reference to the FRAND royalty ratio of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio determined by the Microsoft case judgment is a patent authorization evaluation model developed by Intercap, Inc. in 2003. The Microsoft case decided that the evaluation method of InterCap,Inc conforms to the basic principle of FRAND authorization commitment, because it considers the value of 802.11 standard technical function to the overall product function and the stacking of royalties, so it can be used as a reference for the appropriate FRAND royalty ratio of 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio. However, the judgment of Microsoft case also holds that the evaluation method of InterCap,Inc exaggerates the importance of Motorola’s standard essential patents to the 802.11 standard, so its appropriateness is impaired. In the hypothetical negotiation between Microsoft and Motorola, although the royalty assessed by InterCap,Inc will be used as a reference for FRAND royalty, the royalty ratio will be adjusted to 0.8 to 1.6 cents per single product.

　　According to the above analysis, the judgment of Microsoft case holds that in order to estimate the FRAND royalty ratio, it is reasonable for both parties to hypothetical negotiation to take the average of the above three reference values as the royalty ratio. The specific algorithm is to average the lowest value evaluated by InterCap,Inc at 0.8, and the royalty ratio authorized by Marvel Wi-Fi chips is averaged at the average value within its range of ((3+4)/2)3.5. On this basis, the average value of the three references is calculated to be 3.471 cents ((0.8+3.5+6.114)/3), which is the FRAND royalty ratio reached by Microsoft and Motorola through hypothetical negotiation.

　　Considering the stacking of royalties, the Microsoft case decided to adjust the royalty ratio to 19.5 cents per single product based on the high royalty ratio estimated by Microsoft expert witnesses based on the structure of patent pool Via Licensing 802.11, and take it as the upper limit of the FRAND grant range of Motorola 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio. As for the lower limit of the scope of FRAND grant for Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio, the Microsoft case further holds that the lower limit should be the lowest value of standard essential patent that the standard essential patentee will agree to accept after considering the importance of its related patents to the 802.11 standard and standard user products. Considering the limited evidence in this case, the court found that 0.8 US dollars per single product is the lower limit of FRAND royalty.

　　To sum up, the FRAND royalty rate set in the Microsoft case judgment is: the FRAND royalty rate of Motorola’s H.264 standard essential patent is 0.555 cents per single product, and the upper limit of the FRAND royalty rate range is 16.389 cents per single product, and the lower limit is 0.555 cents. This royalty ratio and scope apply to Microsoft’s Window and Xbox products, and other Microsoft products using H.264 standard apply to the lower royalty ratio of 0.555 cents. The FRAND royalty rate of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent is 3.471 cents per single product, and the upper limit of the FRAND royalty rate range is 19.5 cents per single product, and the lower limit is 0.8 cents per single product. The royalty rate and scope are applicable to Microsoft’s Xbox products, and other Microsoft products using the 802.11 standard are subject to the lower royalty rate of 0.8 cents. (Peking University International Intellectual Property Research Center Li Yang Liu Ying)

　This article only represents the opinions of experts in the research base and may not be reproduced without permission.

　

　　[Notes]

　　[1] The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines it as "any patent or patent application that may completely or partially cover the draft standard". The American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) interprets it as the so-called "necessary patent requirements" refers to the patent claims that will be used when implementing the standard clauses (whether mandatory or optional) of a draft standard.

　　[2] Electronic Intellectual Property Editorial Department. 2012 Electronic Intellectual Property Annual News Inventory International Articles [J]. Electronic Intellectual Property. 2013 (issue 1.2).

　　[3] The approximate case of Microsoft case is as follows: On October 21 and 29, 2010, Motorola informed Microsoft in writing that the licensing conditions of its 802.11 standard essential patent and H.264 standard essential patent were 2.25% of the final product price of Microsoft. In November, 2010, Microsoft took the initiative to file a lawsuit with the Federal District Court for the Western District of Washington on the grounds that Motorola’s licensing offer violated its RAND authorization commitment to standardization organizations IEEE and ITU.

　　The general case of Huawei is as follows: Huawei and American IDC are both members of the European Telecommunications Standardization Organization (ETSI). American IDC claims that it has many standard essential patents in the fields of 2G, 3G, 4G and IEEE802. Huawei acknowledges that these necessary patents of IDC have been incorporated into China wireless communication standards, and its products must meet these standards. From September 2008 to August 2012, IDC sent four written authorization offers to Huawei. In the first and second written offers, IDC hopes to obtain royalties from Huawei from 2009 to 2016, which is equivalent to 100 times that of Apple in the United States and 10 times that of Samsung in South Korea in the same period. In the third written offer, IDC hopes to get 35 times as much royalties from Huawei as IDC gave to Apple in the same period. In the fourth written offer, IDC hopes to get royalties from Huawei, which is equivalent to 19 times that of IDC to Apple in the same period. In these four offers, IDC did not make any distinction between standard essential patents and non-standard essential patents. In the fourth offer, IDC made it clear that rejecting any specific terms of the offer meant rejecting the whole offer. In order to force Huawei to accept its offer authorization conditions, in July and September 2011, IDC filed a complaint and prosecution with the US International Trade Commission and the US District Court Delaware respectively, accusing Huawei’s communication products of infringing its patent rights and demanding a ban.It is forbidden to import and sell Huawei products into the United States. In addition, the analysis report provided by Huawei by STRATEGY ANALYTICS, a famous American data survey and analysis company, shows that the company has analyzed the shipments, market share and net sales of the world’s top mobile phone companies from 2007 to 2012. Nokia, Samsung, Apple, LG, RIM, Motorola, HTC and Sony are on its analysis list, but Huawei has not been able to enter the analysis list. Accordingly, Huawei filed a lawsuit in the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court in December 2011, accusing IDC of violating the FRAND principle in its four offers, and demanding that IDC grant it the necessary patent license in accordance with the FRAND principle.

　　[4] See Microsoft Corp. V Motorola Inc,No.C10-1823JLR.ORDER-20.

　　[5] See Microsoft Corp. V Motorola Inc,No.C10-1823JLR.ORDER-24.

　　Shichahai in Beijing has been a scenic spot for literati to sing since ancient times, and now it has become an important historical and cultural protection area. The TV series Shichahai, which is being broadcast on CCTV, depicts the great Beijing amorous feelings reflected by Shichahai’s mirror in a small way through the ideological collision and emotional blending of a family of three generations, and shows the rapid development of contemporary China and the dedication spirit of the times from one side.　

　　From the perspective of modern family, it is the narrative style of Shichahai to spread out the group images of characters and contemporary life pictures on the background of history and humanity. In the play, Zhuang Weitian, played by Liu Peiqi, passed on the culinary skills and the cultural essence of "diligence" in old Beijing to the younger generation with his own personal experience, so that the new generation of young people can remember the purpose of "art is fragrance, virtue is soul", do things in a down-to-earth manner and be serious.　

　　If we say that Zhuang Weitian in the play represents the persistence and persistence of the older generation; Zhuang Zhibin, the eldest son, actively started a business, which is a portrayal of middle-aged people in today’s society; Then the younger generation of Zhuang Xiaoxiao and Xiang Dong inject new vitality into the capital culture and Beijing spirit. They live freely and casually, constantly looking for the meaning of youth, and show the high spirits of a new generation of young people.　

　　Different from Zhuang Weitian’s business philosophy of "Don’t talk about peaches and plums, learn from others", Zhuang Xiaoxiao and other younger generations used the Internet to expand publicity, and new and old ideas formed a fusion and collision. Moreover, there is a foreign photographer David who is obsessed with China culture, and his appearance symbolizes the collision and communication between Chinese and Western cultures. It is precisely because of Chinese culture’s continuous "going out" that more foreigners will understand the charm of China culture and make the culture of Jingweier more modern and international. In the latest TV series, David is not only infected by the profound Chinese culture, but also has a warm pursuit for Zhuang Weitian’s daughter Zhuang Jing.　

　　"Shichahai" seems to tell the story of a traditional family in Shichahai, but in fact, it presents the life of ordinary people from a small perspective. On the one hand, the play reflects the warmth of the family and creates a better life with hard-working hands. On the other hand, it tells a lot of cultural heritage and local customs of Beijing, so that modern young people can understand the cultural heritage of Beijing, and at the same time, the older generation can absorb the way of thinking of modern life. Shichahai presents the collision between the old generation and the new generation, the blending of local culture and foreign culture, and the exchange of eastern culture and western culture. It is these integrations and collisions that keep the city of Beijing alive forever.　

　　The success of a play depends to a great extent on the details. Shichahai embeds food culture, hutong culture, architectural culture and folk culture into the works, and is especially careful in the performance of details. In the play, every room in the courtyard where the banker lives is configured according to the occupants’ own personality. For example, in the old couple’s house in Zhuang Weitian, there is no cement floor and no plaster wall. The ground is all floor tiles, and the walls are covered with wallpaper, with original carved flowers and partition fans, because the old lady in the play likes painting, and the room is furnished with exquisite Four Treasures of the Study. Because the plot runs through the whole play with palace cuisine, food is an important element in the play. In the detail of food, the production process and close-ups of dishes in TV series are all up to the standard of food documentary. Some netizens said that this is a TV series with "taste". Watching Chef Zhuang’s cooking drool across the screen, I thought that the "tip of the tongue" series had been updated. In fact, the crew did invite the team who participated in the creation of "China on the Tip of the Tongue" to shoot the food scene, which made this Beijing-style food drama with full color, fragrance and taste more delicious.　　

Guo Yu Han [2011] No.7

　　Language committees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, language committees of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, language committees of relevant provinces and autonomous regions, relevant institutions of higher learning and relevant scientific research units:

　　With the approval of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Commission, the Twelfth Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission and the 2011 Annual Project Guide of the Twelfth Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission (hereinafter referred to as the Project Guide) are hereby printed and distributed to you, and the relevant matters concerning the application are notified as follows:

　　First, the application project should focus on the needs of the country’s medium and long-term language reform and development, focus on overall, strategic and forward-looking theoretical and practical problems, accurately grasp the characteristics of the times, enhance pertinence and effectiveness, effectively solve practical problems in language life, and pay attention to social benefits and application value.

　　Two, the name of the major project is the research topic, and the applicant shall not propose, expand and narrow the scope of research at will. Applicants for key projects and general projects can refer to the research fields proposed in the Project Guide and draw up their own project names. The funding standard for major projects this year is 200,000-300,000 yuan, the funding standard for key projects is 80,000-150,000 yuan, and the funding standard for general projects is 50,000-80,000 yuan. Set up self-financing projects.

　　Three, the project management in accordance with the "State Language Committee scientific research project management measures". This year’s project is required to be completed in 1-3 years. Project extension or adjustment personnel must be approved by the Office of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Committee.

　　Four, the project applicant through the network to declare, and at the same time fill in the "national language research project application" two copies. Major projects are subject to tender. After the initial evaluation on the Internet, you will wait for the notice to attend the on-site defense in Beijing. If you don’t attend the defense, you will be deemed to have given up. Other projects implement the initial evaluation of peer expert network and the centralized re-evaluation of expert meetings. The initial evaluation is anonymous. Re-evaluation focuses on the previous research foundation and research ability.

　　Five, the person in charge of the project can only declare one project in the same year. In principle, the person in charge of the project of the State Language Committee under study shall not declare new projects. It is not supported that researchers who have more than two projects under research from other sources declare the planned projects of the State Language Committee again. The completion of the above-mentioned projects shall be based on the time indicated in the completion certificate, and a copy of the completion certificate shall be provided.

　　Six, the project applicant shall truthfully fill in the application materials, and ensure that there is no intellectual property dispute. Anyone who practices fraud, once discovered and verified, will be disqualified from reporting for three years. If the project has been approved, all items will be withdrawn, and the management responsibility of the applicant’s unit will be investigated.

　　Seven, the State Language Committee scientific research projects to implement the credit management system. The project undertaker should fulfill its promise and ensure its credibility. The person in charge of the approved project shall abide by the provisions, fulfill the agreed obligations and complete the research task on schedule during the project implementation. If there is a bad credit record, the project leader shall not apply for a new project within 3 years.

　　Eight, the project review adhere to fairness and justice, where the declaration of the project experts must avoid the project review. Quality is the first in project evaluation, and quality is better than quantity. The results of expert review shall be reported to the Office of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Committee, publicized after examination and approval, and issued a notice of project establishment and allocated project funds after no objection.

　　9. All materials required for project application can be downloaded from the Scientific Research Network of the State Language Committee (website: http://www.ywky.org). Paper materials in duplicate shall be submitted to the office of the leading group for scientific research planning of the State Language Committee by the scientific research management department of the unit where they belong after being examined and sealed by the unit. To ensure the consistency of electronic declaration data and paper declaration data.

　　Ten, this year’s project acceptance declaration time from April 15th, 2011 to May 31st, overdue will not be accepted. Office of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Commission Tel: 010-66096726; Postal code: 100816; Mailing address: Planning Coordination Office, Language Information Management Department, Ministry of Education, No.35 Damucang Hutong, Xidan, Beijing.

　　Eleven, this notice will be published on the website of the Ministry of Education, China language network.

　　Attachment: 1. The 12th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission.

　　2. National Language Committee’s "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" 2011 Project Guide

　　3. Measures for the Administration of Scientific Research Projects of the State Language Commission (revised in 2011)

State Language Commission

April 2011

　　Attachment 1:

The 12th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission

　　This plan is formulated according to the spirit of the Outline of the Medium-and Long-term Reform and Development Plan for the National Language and Literature Industry (2010-2020) and the needs of the current development of the language and literature industry.

　　I. Review of Scientific Research Work of the State Language Committee in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan

　　During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, the State Language Committee thoroughly implemented Scientific Outlook on Development, followed the pace of the times and paid attention to the social language life, and completed more than 170 research projects on language and writing, which achieved fruitful results.

　　(A) the national language strategy research has made new strides.The research plan of language development strategy has been formulated, and research institutions such as China Language Strategy Research Center, Overseas Chinese Research Center and China Foreign Language Strategy Research Center have been established to conduct research on major language issues in time, which has provided strong scientific support for the formulation of national language strategy and language policy.

　　(2) New progress has been made in the standardization of language and writing.Completed the development of "Standard Chinese Character List" and publicly solicited opinions. Nearly 20 language standards have been published, which have played an important role in social language life. A number of guiding norms have been issued in the form of "China Green Book on Language Life". The formulation of international standards for Chinese characters and minority languages has been further strengthened.

　　(C) The language proficiency evaluation system is taking shape.The computer-aided Putonghua proficiency test was further promoted, and the standards for the application level test of Chinese characters were formulated and published, and the application level test of Chinese characters was started. The evaluation system of the national common language application ability is being established to meet the needs of the national common language education and the labor access system of various industries.

　　(4) Significant progress has been made in the construction of basic language and writing projects.Carry out the pilot work of building an audio database of Chinese language resources and explore effective ways to preserve and develop language resources. Construction of dynamic circulation corpora such as print media language, audio media language and network media language, as well as corpus of educational materials. The informationization of government affairs in the language and writing work system has achieved initial results.

　　(5) The guidance of social language life has become a new bright spot.The National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center and the Language Public Opinion Research Center have been established to monitor, analyze and study new language phenomena and hot issues in language life in a timely manner. From 2006 to 2010, the Report on Language Life in China was published for five consecutive years, which guided the social language life and played a positive role in the harmony of social language life.

　　(six) to provide research results for promoting Chinese to the world.Studying the language situation of the Chinese community in the world, studying the characteristics of teaching Chinese as a second language, and strengthening the formulation of language and writing standards and the construction of teaching materials for the international spread of Chinese. The Global Chinese Dictionary was compiled and published, which promoted the communication of Chinese at home and abroad and the international spread of Chinese.

　　(seven) the standardization and informatization of national languages have been solidly promoted.Actively carry out the construction of standards and resource libraries for minority languages, strengthen the standardization of minority language terms, and complete more than 100 standardization and informatization projects for minority languages. The database of minority languages and characters has been started.

　　(VIII) The discipline construction of applied linguistics was further strengthened.We supported the establishment of a master’s degree program, a doctoral degree program and a key laboratory of computational linguistics, which are urgently needed by the society, and held a series of academic conferences on the application of language and writing in China. Research on language planning, language teaching, computational linguistics and legal linguistics, which are urgently needed by society, has been carried out. The research team of applied linguistics is constantly growing.

　　Second, the situation faced by the State Language Committee in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" scientific research

　　At present, China is in a critical period of reform and development. With the deepening of economic globalization and the rapid development of science and technology, the competition of comprehensive national strength is developing in an unprecedented depth and breadth.

　　The impact of globalization is far-reaching. With the development of economic globalization and the great migration and mobility of population, there are more and more communication problems, various contradictions in language life are prominent, and the trend of language conflict is becoming more and more obvious. In recent years, all the major countries in the world are stepping up the formulation of their own language strategies, improving their language ability in handling various domestic and foreign affairs, using language to safeguard national information and cultural security, resolving social contradictions at home, rallying people’s hearts, promoting harmony, and spreading national culture and ideas abroad.

　　The development of informatization is changing with each passing day. The rapid development of modern information technologies such as Internet of Things and cloud computing is having an important impact on the world. Language is an important carrier of information, and the development of informatization makes language enter the virtual space, forming a virtual language life; Strengthen the basic research of language and characters and the application research based on information processing, strengthen the construction of language and characters standards for information processing, form the core technology of Chinese information processing with independent intellectual property rights as soon as possible, enhance the influence of Chinese language in the virtual world, and accelerate the process of national informatization.

　　Language life has developed rapidly and become more colorful. The ways that society needs to provide language services are increasing day by day, new language occupations are constantly forming, the language industry is developing rapidly, and the concept of language resources has become a consensus. The social demand for foreign languages is getting stronger and stronger, and foreign language planning is put on the agenda. The pace of Chinese going to the world is getting faster and faster, and striving for the right to speak internationally is becoming a national consciousness. Language and writing are closely related to national security, and information security has attracted increasing attention. The transformation from a big country with human resources to a powerful country with great cultural prosperity and development has put forward new requirements for the cause of language and writing, the ability of national language application and the scientific research of language and writing.

　　At present, the research of language and writing science is not fully adapted to the requirements of the development of language and writing in China. The concrete manifestations are as follows: 1. The scientific research of language and characters needs to be improved urgently in terms of the renewal of ideas and the modernization level of research methods. 2. The supporting role for language and writing needs to be further strengthened. 3. Pay insufficient attention to the hot issues of language and writing society in time, absorb and transform the achievements of basic research less, relevant scientific research achievements fail to produce social benefits in time, and "Industry-University-Research’s use" is not well combined. 4. Discipline status and personnel training need to be further strengthened.

　　Linguistic science research should seize the important strategic opportunity period of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, stand at the forefront of social development, especially the development of information technology, pay attention to social language life, pay attention to major issues sensitive to the times, and make breakthrough progress.

　　Iii. The guiding ideology, main objectives and key research directions of the language and writing science research of the State Language Commission during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, we will thoroughly implement the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Languages and Characters, implement the Outline of the Medium-and Long-term Reform and Development Plan for National Languages and Characters (2010-2020), aim at fully serving the development of national languages and characters, focus on the standardization, standardization and informatization of languages and characters, pay attention to the hot spots of social language life based on the construction of scientific research bases and language projects, emancipate our minds, and reform and innovate.

　　(II) Main objectives

　　Further improve the research level of language and writing science, and provide scientific basis and academic support for the country to adjust the language and writing principles and policies, formulate norms and standards, improve the level of social application management, and enhance the national language application ability. Pay attention to social language life, grasp the national conditions of language, actively serve the language needs of various fields and regions, and guide the harmonious development of social language life.

　　(III) Key research directions

　　1. Language strategy, language planning and language policy research.

　　Language strategy is an integral part of national development strategy. Since the beginning of the new century, many countries have been formulating and implementing language policies, language bills and language projects directly related to national language ability, and examining language issues from the strategic height of national security and global competitiveness in the era of globalization. China is a unified multi-ethnic country with many languages and languages, rich language resources and complicated language life. It is of great significance to do a good job in language planning and language strategy research and deal with language problems, so as to safeguard national unity and promote national unity and social harmony. It is necessary to study the basic strategy of language and writing work in China, the relationship between domestic languages, the role of language and writing in national identity, national identity and cultural identity, the related problems of cross-border language and writing, the language life of Chinese and overseas Chinese in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan Province, the language strategies and policies of different countries, the living conditions and experiences of foreign languages, etc., and put forward scientific plans to deal with major language problems.

　　2. Construction of language and writing standards

　　We will strengthen the standardization of national common spoken and written languages and minority languages, study the strategy of standardization of spoken and written languages, speed up the formulation and improvement of basic standards of national common spoken and written languages and minority languages, standards of application ability and evaluation and certification, standards of Braille and sign language, standards of Chinese international education, and standards for the use of foreign spoken and written languages, and focus on building urgently needed standards in the fields of education, information processing, press and publication, lexicography, radio, film and television, and public services. Strengthen the standardization of geographical names and technical terms. Actively formulate international standards for China’s spoken and written languages. Develop a standard survey and authentication system for language and characters.

　　3. Research on Language Life and Language Management

　　Strengthen the research on the national conditions of language, the use of language in new media, the monitoring and research on the dynamic use of language, and the research on language public opinion to promote the healthy development of language life.

　　Carry out research on the system and mechanism of legal management of social language application, Putonghua promotion strategy and foreign language use management. Promote the informationization and intelligence of Putonghua proficiency test, Chinese character application level test and their management. Carry out research on the professional access mechanism of Putonghua level and Chinese character application level. Conduct a survey on the use of sign language and Braille, and establish a dynamic monitoring system.

　　A study on the social popularization strategy of language science. Construction of language application consulting service platform. Construction of language policies and regulations query service system, language specification standard application service system, language training and testing system.

　　4. Language education and language ability research

　　The application ability of language plays a fundamental role in people’s growth and all-round development. Strengthen research on mother tongue education, bilingual education in ethnic minority areas, international Chinese education, language acquisition for hearing and vision disabled people. Study the evaluation criteria and means of national language application ability to improve national language application ability. Study the role of language and writing work in promoting Chinese excellent culture and establishing a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation.

　　5. Research on language resource construction and Chinese information processing.

　　Chinese information processing is an important content in the frontier technology of intelligent perception. Research on Chinese information processing combined with the Internet, do a good job in the basic construction of language resources, and improve the integration ability of processing platforms. We will promote semantic processing technology, focus on the Internet-oriented Chinese semantic analysis system, and improve the overall utilization ability of Internet information in China.

　　We will tackle key problems in Chinese information processing, enhance the independent innovation ability of Chinese information technology and products, form a number of core technologies of Chinese information processing with independent intellectual property rights and international standards of Chinese information processing technology, standardize and promote Chinese computer input methods, strengthen the construction of computer fonts, and serve the development of Chinese information industry and the national informatization strategy.

　　Strengthen the basic engineering construction of information processing-oriented language and writing, and build the knowledge base, corpus and resource base of national language and writing. Build an audio database of Chinese language resources and a large-scale corpus of traditional common minority languages. Attach importance to the development and utilization of language resources and provide services to the society.

　　(4) Guarantee mechanism

　　Establish a scientific research base system of the State Language Committee. Taking the base as a platform, we will carry out scientific research on language and writing around major national language issues, hot and difficult issues in language life and the construction of language and writing standards. Promote the combination of basic research and applied research, and encourage interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, cross-regional and cross-national research. Give full play to the role of universities, research institutes, academic groups and local language committees.

　　Strengthen the discipline construction of applied linguistics. Improve the status and academic influence of applied linguistics, and form a relatively complete subject system and education system of applied linguistics. Cultivate and bring up compound and interdisciplinary applied linguistic talents with modern academic vision and innovative consciousness, and strive to promote the modernization of linguistic research methods and means.

　　Attachment 2:

The 12th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission

2011 Project Guide

　　I. Language strategy research, language planning and language policy research

　　1. Research on national language laws and regulations system.

　　2. Comparative study of language management systems in different countries.

　　3. Research on Putonghua promotion to meet the development needs in the new period.

　　4. Problems and countermeasures in the popularization and application of Chinese Pinyin.

　　5. Research on the strategy of improving national language ability.

　　6. Investigation on the use of national common language in ethnic minority areas (key projects)

　　7. Research on the development strategy of language economy and language industry.

　　8. Research on the development strategy of Chinese information processing

　　9. Investigation and Research on Cross-border Languages in China (Major Project)

　　Second, research on the construction of language and writing standards

　　1. Audition of Putonghua in the New Century (major project)

　　2. Development of language and writing standards for Chinese education.

　　3 Development of Chinese Character Font Specification (Entrusted Project)

　　4. Research on standardizing the writing grade standard of Chinese characters.

　　5. Research on the application of intelligent voice technology in Putonghua proficiency test and learning of primary and secondary school students (commissioned project)

　　6. Development of language and writing standards for news publishing, dictionary compilation, radio, film and television.

　　7. Development of Chinese information processing-oriented language and writing standard.

　　8. Development of standards for minority languages and characters.

　　9. Development of the national standard of common sign language (major project)

　　10. Revision of the National General Braille Standard (major project)

　　11. Development of relevant standards for the use of foreign languages in China (key project)

　　12. Research on international standards of China language and writing.

　　13. Construction of Audio Database of Chinese Language Resources-Questionnaire and survey specification for minority languages (commissioned project)

　　Third, language life and its management research

　　1. Study on the use and standardization of loanwords, lettered words and neologisms.

　　2. Research on Language Life in public opinion monitoring (key project)

　　3. Research on the language problems and countermeasures in the process of urbanization in China.

　　4. Research on the problems and countermeasures of language application under the network environment.

　　5. Research on the problems and countermeasures of language application in modern information technology products such as mobile phones, electronic paper books and so on.

　　6. Problems and countermeasures in the application of spoken and written languages in different fields, occupations and groups.

　　7. Research on Radio and Television Language (Key Project)

　　8. Investigation on the use of sign language and Braille (commissioned project)

　　Investigation and study on the network language life of ethnic minorities in China

　　10. Study on Chinese Life in Hong Kong and Macao

　　11. Research on Chinese life in Taiwan Province (standard status of language and writing)

　　12. Survey on Overseas Chinese Use (Entrusted Project)

　　Fourth, language education and language ability research

　　1. Research on improving the national language application ability (key project)

　　2. Research on the standard and evaluation system of national language and writing ability (major project)

　　3. Research on language education in preschool and basic education.

　　4. Research on the quality of college students’ mother tongue and its improvement

　　5. Research on Putonghua proficiency test system (commissioned project)

　　6. Research on the national common language training materials for minority teachers.

　　7. Research on the standard and evaluation system of national common language application ability of minority students (key project)

　　8. Chinese classic reading education and Chinese quality, Chinese education and promotion of Chinese excellent traditional culture related research (major projects)

　　9. Research on Digitalization of Language Education

　　10. Investigation on the current situation of language teaching software in the field of basic education (commissioned project)

　　V. Research on Language Information Processing

　　1. Development of "Administrative Measures on Language Use of Information Technology Products" (key project)

　　2. Construction of testing and certification system for compliance of language and writing standards (major project)

　　3. Technical research on the construction and monitoring of national language resources (key projects)

　　4. Research on content processing and information mining in Chinese information processing.

　　5. Semantic research for information processing.

　　6. Development of Chinese text conversion system (key project)

　　7. Research on evaluation standard of Chinese character input method

　　8. Corpus construction of bilingual education materials in minority areas (commissioned project)

　　9. Research on the application strategy of language resources integration based on cloud computing platform.

　　Attachment 3:

Measures of the State Language Committee for the Administration of Scientific Research Projects

(Revised in 2011)

Chapter I General Principles

　　Article 1 These Measures are formulated in order to thoroughly implement the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Languages and Characters, strengthen the management of applied research projects of languages and characters initiated by state language commission (hereinafter referred to as the State Language Committee), and improve the research quality of the projects.

　　Article 2 The leading group for scientific research planning of the State Language Commission is responsible for planning and deploying scientific research on the application of spoken and written languages throughout the country. The Office of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Commission (hereinafter referred to as the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission) is responsible for formulating project management measures and implementation rules, organizing project declaration and evaluation, arranging mid-term inspection and acceptance of projects, and identifying the results of major and key projects.

Chapter II Project Category and Project Declaration

　　Article 3 The scientific research projects of the State Language Commission are mainly collected by ordinary universities, research institutes and the Language Commission system. Project categories mainly include: major projects, key projects, general projects, self-funded projects, entrusted projects, etc.

　　Article 4 Conditions for project application:

　　1. The project applicant must have good political literacy and the ability to independently carry out and organize scientific research work, be in good health, be the actual host of the project and undertake substantive research work.

　　2. Applicants can only declare one project at a time. Applicants for major projects and key projects should generally have full and senior professional and technical positions, and the age is generally not more than 55 years old. Those who have undertaken major projects of the State Language Committee and have not yet completed them may not declare new projects; Projects or subprojects that have been approved shall not be declared repeatedly.

　　3. In principle, a research group should be formed to declare. Encourage interdisciplinary, cross-school, cross-regional and cross-system organizations to organize superior scientific research forces and carry out substantive cooperative research.

　　4. The applicant’s unit actively supports and promises to provide good research conditions.

Chapter III Project Evaluation and Project Establishment

　　Article 5 The Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission shall be responsible for the qualification examination of the application materials, and organize communication review, meeting review and public bidding according to different situations.

　　1. The communication review shall be conducted anonymously. The evaluation experts shall independently evaluate the declared project, put forward suggestions on whether to establish the project and briefly explain the reasons.

　　2. The meeting review shall be conducted in public. After full evaluation, the expert review group will vote by secret ballot, and the declared project can be established only after more than two-thirds of the votes are passed.

　　3. Open bidding is applicable to major projects. The Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee organizes relevant experts to conduct bid evaluation, and determines the winning bidder by secret ballot.

　　According to the special needs of the work of the State Language Committee, individual projects are established separately by entrustment.

　　Article 6 The principle of fair competition and merit-based funding shall be implemented in project evaluation. The basic criteria for project review are:

　　1. The subject has important academic value, theoretical significance or practical significance.

　　2. The subject is academic frontier, and it is expected to produce innovative and social impact research results. Encourage targeted applied research projects, and encourage emerging frontier research and interdisciplinary cross-disciplinary comprehensive research projects.

　　3. The research direction of the subject is correct, the content is substantial, the demonstration is sufficient, the key and difficult points to be broken are clear, the research ideas are clear, and the research methods are scientific and feasible.

　　4. The project applicant and the members of the research group have a certain research foundation for the declared project; Have relevant research results and data preparation; Have the time and conditions necessary to complete the research work.

　　5. The application funds and budget arrangements are reasonable.

　　Article 7 The results of expert review shall be reported to the Office of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Committee, publicized after examination and approval, and issued a notice of project establishment and allocated project funds after no objection.

Chapter IV Project Process Management

　　Article 8 The project undertaker shall organize a research group to carry out research work according to the project design requirements in the project application (including research content, research methods, completion period and achievement form, etc.) and the examination and approval opinions of the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee. The project design shall not be changed without authorization; If it is really necessary to change, it shall be reviewed and signed by the unit where the project leader works, and then reported to the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee for examination and approval.

　　Article 9 The project undertaker shall report the project research progress and the use of scientific research funds to the Scientific Research Office in a timely manner according to the requirements of annual inspection (an interim report is required for projects completed within one year), and explain how to complete the follow-up work on schedule. In case of important problems and accidents during the project, it is necessary to report them in time. The Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission shall supervise and inspect the project and put forward opinions or suggestions on the research and management of the project.

　　Article 10 The project undertaker shall strengthen the management and coordination of the project, incorporate the undertaken project into the scientific research plan of the unit, and give active support in human, financial and material aspects. The research work implements the project director responsibility system, and the self-management of the project should be strengthened to ensure the quality and quantity of the research task to be completed on time.

　　Eleventh scientific research projects whose achievements are in the form of language and writing standards of the State Language Committee shall be implemented in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Language and Writing Standards (Standards) in state language commission.

Chapter V Fund Management

　　Twelfth the use of project funds must comply with the provisions of the relevant national financial regulations and systems, in strict accordance with the measures for the management of funds.

　　Article 13 The account filled in the receipt must be the account of the unit where the project leader works, which shall be filled in by the financial department. The use of project funds by the project team must be audited by the scientific research management department of the unit and accepted by the financial management department. If the account changes, it shall promptly notify the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee in writing.

　　Article 14 Expenditure scope of project funds

　　1. Equipment and consumables expenses: expenses for purchasing equipment and consumables needed for project research;

　　2. Data fee: used to purchase books, data and other expenses needed for project research;

　　3. Meeting expenses: used for meeting expenses incurred in holding project seminars, symposiums and appraisal meetings;

　　4. Travel expenses: used for travel, research and other expenses incurred by the project research institute;

　　5. Labor costs: including labor costs and expert approval fees for project research;

　　6. Management fee: no more than 5% of the annual scientific research funds, used for daily scientific research management;

　　7. Other expenditures: other related expenditures required by the project research but not included in the above items.

　　Fifteenth project funds to implement the "one-time approval, phased allocation" approach, generally at the beginning of the research work to allocate 60%, 30% after the inspection of the results of the stage, the remaining 10% after the completion of the project.

　　Sixteenth in any of the following circumstances, the next period of funds will be suspended; In serious cases, the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee has the right to terminate the contract, and the person in charge of the scientific research project shall bear the liability for breach of contract.

　　1 do not submit or submit a written report on the progress of the project and the use of scientific research funds on time;

　　2. Unauthorized diversion of project funds for other purposes;

　　3. After examination, the staged achievements of scientific research have not reached the predetermined requirements;

　　4. Failing to complete the development task within the prescribed time limit without justifiable reasons.

Chapter VI Project Acceptance and Achievement Transformation

　　Seventeenth after the completion of the project, it is necessary to carry out identification, acceptance and closing, and perform the necessary closing procedures.

　　1. The appraisal of the final results of general projects is organized by supporting units, and the appraisal experts are mainly composed of peer experts from other units; Only those who have passed the appraisal can apply for acceptance, and submit the appraisal certification materials signed by the appraisal experts to the State Language Research Office for the record.

　　2. The identification of the final results of major projects and key projects shall be organized by the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission.

　　3. To apply for a settlement, you must fill in the Application for Appraisal of the Settlement of Scientific Research Projects of the State Language Committee, provide the final appraisal certificate, the original results and the summary report of the results (including the electronic version), and submit it to the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee after the approval of the supporting unit.

　　4. The identification and validation of scientific research projects with the language and writing standards of the State Language Committee shall be carried out in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Language and Writing Standards (Standards) of state language commission.

　　5. The Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission will issue a certificate of completion to those who have passed the acceptance and confirmed that they can complete the project, allocate the rest of the project funds, and announce the acceptance of the project.

　　Eighteenth gradually establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation system of project results, pay attention to the quality of results, pay attention to the actual value.

　　1. The final results can be standard texts, papers, monographs, consulting reports, software, databases, patents, etc. In addition to the academic achievements themselves, the course construction, textbook compilation, dictionaries, popular science articles, academic reports, consulting services, their actual effects and social impacts, etc. carried out by the project leader and the members of the research group in combination with the project research, are included in the acceptance scope for comprehensive consideration. The evaluation of the achievements of major projects in the scientific research base of the State Language Committee should pay special attention to the situation of providing consulting services to the country and society.

　　2. The main contents of the project acceptance are: the person in charge of the project has completed the research task according to the project contract and task plan; The final result is consistent with the "final result form" approved at the time of project establishment, and there is no dispute over signature and intellectual property rights; The expenses are reasonable and legal. The final result must be marked with the words "Scientific Research Project of the State Language Committee" in a prominent position, otherwise it will not be recognized at the time of acceptance.

　　Nineteenth to establish a system of rewards and punishments for project achievements. For the projects whose achievements have been accepted as excellent, they shall be notified and praised as an important reference for the project owner to apply for the project next time; All projects whose results are unqualified after acceptance shall be removed, and the person in charge of the project shall not declare the scientific research projects of the State Language Committee within 3 years.

　　Twentieth strengthen the awareness of transformation of achievements, expand the channels of transformation of achievements, and give full play to the social benefits of project achievements.

　　1. When all kinds of projects are completed, a summary report of achievements of 3-5 thousand words shall be submitted at the same time, briefly describing the academic value, innovative content and social impact of this topic, and submitted to the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission after being audited by the supporting unit.

　　2. Encourage the transformation of project achievements into courses, teaching materials and teaching, so as to serve the cultivation of outstanding talents; Transforming to decision-making consultation to serve the scientific decision-making of the government and enterprises; Transforming into society and doing more scientific popularization work will serve to improve the standardization level of language and writing in the whole society and build a harmonious language life.

　　3. The project undertaker shall take active measures to support and fund the publication of outstanding achievements of the project, and actively do a good job in the publicity, promotion and application of the project achievements. Research reports, consultation reports and investigation reports with important application value shall be submitted to the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission before being submitted to the relevant departments.

　　Twenty-first project results are owned by the State Language Committee and the research group, and released and used in the name of the State Language Committee. The project undertaker has the right to use the achievements in scientific research and teaching and other rights granted by the State Language Committee.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Twenty-second these measures shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation, and the Measures for the Administration of Scientific Research Projects in state language commission issued in 2007 shall be abolished at the same time.

　　Article 23 The Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.

Measures of Guangdong Provincial Price Bureau for the Administration of Motor Vehicle Parking Service Charges

Guangdong Price [2007] No.290

(Promulgated by Guangdong Provincial Price Bureau on December 18, 2007 with Guangdong Price [2007] No.290 and effective as of July 1, 2008)

　　Article 1 In order to strengthen the management of motor vehicle parking service charges in Guangdong Province, standardize the behavior of motor vehicle parking service charges, protect the legitimate rights and interests of car owners and motor vehicle parking service operators, and reasonably guide the parking demand, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Price Law and other relevant laws and regulations, combined with the actual situation in Guangdong Province.

　　Article 2 These Measures shall apply to all kinds of business activities that operate motor vehicle parking services and collect motor vehicle parking service fees within the administrative area of Guangdong Province.

　　Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that provide their own motor vehicle parking spaces to others through oral or written contracts, agreements, agreements, etc., and charge related fees, shall determine the charging standards according to the provisions of Article 5 of these Measures.

　　Article 3 The competent price department of the people’s government at or above the county level is the competent department of motor vehicle parking service charges, and is responsible for the management of motor vehicle parking service charges.

　　Article 4 Under the condition of ensuring smooth traffic and not affecting the public security environment, temporary free parking places are encouraged to be set up, and public welfare places are encouraged to provide free parking services.

　　Article 5 According to the following provisions, the charges for motor vehicle parking services shall be subject to market-regulated prices, government-guided prices and government-set prices respectively.

　　(a) indoor professional parking lot (except for the government’s full investment or participation in the construction) parking service charges are subject to market adjustment, and the charging standards are independently formulated by the parking lot operators according to law.

　　Indoor professional parking lot refers to a parking lot which is set in a building by an operator whose main business is to provide parking services, but is not matched with the building, has independent property rights, and all parking spaces are covered by a roof, and has the functions of sun protection and rain protection.

　　(2) Parking service charges for shopping malls, entertainment places, hotels, office buildings, logistics parks and professional markets, parking lots in residential areas and open-air parking lots located in suburban areas of cities shall be subject to government guidance prices. The operator shall determine the specific charging standard within the benchmark price and floating range set by the competent price department of the people’s government at or above the county level where the parking lot is located.

　　(3) Parking service charges for airports, railway stations, docks, tourist attractions, port supporting parking lots, bus hub stations and subway interchange stations, on-road manual parking lots and parking meters, indoor professional parking lots invested or built by the government, and open-air parking lots located in urban areas shall be subject to government pricing. The specific charging standard shall be formulated by the competent price department of the people’s government at or above the county level where the parking lot is located.

　　(IV) Motor vehicle parking service charges generated by motor vehicle being temporarily detained and towed to designated parking lots by public security traffic management departments due to traffic violations, accidents or breakdowns shall be subject to government pricing. The specific charging standard shall be formulated by the competent price department of the people’s government at or above the county level where the parking lot is located.

　　Sixth hospitals, schools, museums, libraries, youth palaces, cultural palaces, party and government organs, institutions and other internal parking lots, in principle, should provide free motor vehicle parking services. In order to reasonably adjust the utilization of parking service resources or make up for the normal service expenses, the specific charging standards shall be formulated by the competent price department of the local people’s government at or above the county level in accordance with the principle of reasonable compensation for unprofitable costs.

　　Article 7 The principles of reasonable compensation for operating costs, paying taxes according to law, and ensuring capital preservation and meager profits shall be followed in formulating the charging standards for motor vehicle parking services.

　　When formulating the charging standard for motor vehicle parking service, the competent pricing department of the government should comprehensively consider the factors such as the level of parking facilities, geographical location, service conditions, market supply and demand and social affordability, organize price hearings according to law, and solicit opinions from all walks of life.

　　Eighth in any of the following circumstances, free parking service fees:

　　(a) to enter the parking lot of residential areas for no more than 30-60 minutes, the specific time limit shall be determined by the competent price department of the people’s government at the prefecture level according to local conditions;

　　(2) entering the parking lot shared by office buildings, shopping malls, entertainment places, hotels and residential areas for no more than 30 minutes;

　　(3) entering airports, railway stations, docks, tourist attractions, office buildings, shopping malls, entertainment places, hotels, ports and other supporting parking lots, as well as other kinds of parking lots (excluding automatic parking facilities for meters and parking lots listed in items (1) and (2)) for less than 15 minutes;

　　(four) military vehicles, police cars, hospital ambulances and municipal engineering emergency vehicles.

　　Article 9 The charges for motor vehicle parking services shall be charged according to the following provisions, and the specific charging method shall be determined by the competent pricing department of the people’s government at the prefecture level or above.

　　(a) the parking service charges of motorcycles, cars, carts and super-large cars should be charged differently. Cars are all kinds of motor vehicles with a load of less than 2 tons (including 2 tons) or carrying less than 20 passengers (including 20 seats); The cart is a variety of motor vehicles with a load of more than 2 tons to 10 tons (including 10 tons) or carrying more than 20 passengers; Super large trucks are all kinds of trucks with a load of more than 10 tons.

　　(two) motor vehicle parking service fees can be charged by time, hour, day, month and year, and can also be charged progressively or progressively according to the relationship between supply and demand of parking spaces. If the billing unit is "days" (the starting and ending time is continuously accumulated for 24 hours as one day), the same vehicle can only be charged once a day for parking in and out of the same day.

　　(3) The service hours of motor vehicle parking can be divided into night, day and night, and the parking hours can also be divided into busy hours and non-busy hours according to the actual situation. Different charging standards can be implemented at different time periods.

　　Article 10 For the charging of motor vehicle parking services at government-guided and government-set prices, the operator shall obtain the charging certificate from the competent pricing department of the government, publicize it in a prominent position in the business premises, and accept social supervision.

　　Article 11 All kinds of operators providing motor vehicle parking services shall clearly mark the price according to the provisions of the competent pricing department of the government, and mark the parking service content, parking service fee charging basis, charging standard, charging method, free parking time limit and complaint telephone number with price tags in a prominent position at the entrance and exit of the parking service business premises.

　　The price tag of motor vehicle parking service charges shall be supervised by the competent price department of the people’s government at or above the county level in a unified format.

　　Article 12 All kinds of operators who provide motor vehicle parking services shall collect motor vehicle parking service fees, and pay taxes according to regulations by using the bills prescribed by the tax authorities.

　　Thirteenth government price departments should strengthen the supervision and inspection of motor vehicle parking service charges according to law.

　　All kinds of price violations, such as failure to implement government-guided prices, government pricing, failure to clearly mark prices, price fraud, etc., shall be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the Price Law, the Provisions on Administrative Penalties for Price Violations and other laws and regulations.

　　Article 14 The price department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall promptly correct the charges for motor vehicle parking services that have a strong social reaction and are obviously unreasonable; Where the competent price department of the local people’s government at or above the county level fails to correct in time, the competent price department of the people’s government at a higher level has the right to order it to correct, and informed criticism.

　　Fifteenth price departments of municipal governments at or above the local level may formulate specific management policies according to these measures and local conditions.

　　Sixteenth approach by the Guangdong Provincial Price Bureau is responsible for the interpretation of.

　　Seventeenth these Measures shall come into force as of July 1, 2008. The detailed rules for the implementation of the measures for the administration of motor vehicle parking fees in Guangdong Province, which came into effect on July 1, 2001, shall be abolished at the same time.

Liu Shuoyang (data map)

Cctv news 　"I don’t want to fall, but I want to guard my country. I don’t want to fall, but I don’t want to see my comrades fall. The motherland needs me, and rushing up is a necessary answer for soldiers. The people need me, go up and use the never-retreating pace. "

This poem is forceful, expressing the author’s persistent love for the motherland and the people, and the responsibility and responsibility of a soldier to defend the country. Unexpectedly, however, the author of this poem was a young woman.

In February 2017, the first China National Defense Economics Person of the Year selection campaign was announced. Associate Professor Liu Shuoyang, director of the Economic Management Teaching and Research Section of the Basic Department of the Armed Police Academy, was elected as the first China National Defense Economics Person of the Year and was awarded the title of China Young National Defense Economist, becoming the only young economist in this national selection campaign and the first young economist in the Armed Police Force to receive this honor. The opening poem was written by Liu Shuoyang in tears when he saw the former battlefield after he went to Laoshan to see the school.

Some things may just be destiny takes a hand. When Liu Shuoyang was one year old, her mother made her a small military cap, hoping that Liu Shuo would grow up and become a female soldier and realize her unfulfilled long-cherished wish. In the college entrance examination, although he could choose a local key university, Liu Shuoyang applied for the military school without hesitation. This firmness and persistence were out of "love from the bones". Liu Shuoyang said: "I think I should be a soldier by nature."

He joined the army in September 1996, joined the Party in June 1999, and graduated from National Defense University with a doctorate in economics. He is currently the director and associate professor of the Economic Management Teaching and Research Section of the Armed Police Academy, a senior researcher of the China National Defense Finance Research Association, and a member of the National Security Strategy and National Defense Economic Research Committee of the China Social and Economic System Analysis Research Association. He was awarded the third class merit once, 14 times and 5 times as an excellent teacher. During his study in National Defense University, he was rated as an advanced individual in National Defense University, an outstanding student in National Defense University and an advanced individual in scientific research twice. His papers and consulting reports have won many major military and international awards, and have been given important instructions by the central leaders twice, and the suggestions made have entered the decision-making of the party and the state.

　

Courageously shouldering heavy burdens and diligently cultivating in the front line of teaching

Liu Shuoyang, as the director and associate professor of the Economic Management Department of the Armed Police College, has been working in the front line of teaching for 16 years. In the past 16 years, Liu Shuoyang has devoted himself to teaching, and his courses have been widely praised, and his efforts have also been widely recognized by leaders and students. Due to his outstanding achievements, Liu Shuoyang took the leadership position in the teaching and research section of economic management at the age of 29, and served as the deputy director of the teaching and research section, responsible for the work of the teaching and research section. He became the youngest leader of the teaching and research section of the whole college at that time and took on the heavy responsibility of leading all comrades in the teaching and research section to forge ahead.

The Police Academy of the Armed Police Force is an institution that trains talents for the gold, forest, hydropower and transportation forces of the Armed Police Force. In view of the particularity of the task requirements of the Armed Police Force, Liu Shuoyang led the Economic Management Teaching and Research Section to carry out a series of drastic reforms in terms of teaching staff, teaching material system, curriculum and teaching quality, and the overall construction of the Teaching and Research Section has reached a new level.

The practice of beating and tempering has cultivated Liu Shuoyang, and her teaching level and ability are constantly improving. In 2010, Liu Shuoyang participated in the "China-Tianjin-High" training and teaching competition of the Armed Police Force and won the second prize. In 2012, he won the third place in the teaching basic skills competition for young and middle-aged teachers in the college. Due to his outstanding teaching achievements, Liu Shuoyang has been rated as an excellent teacher for five times. In 2010, at the age of 31, Liu Shuoyang was promoted to associate professor and became the youngest associate professor in the college.

"When I was an associate professor, I was still relatively young. At that time, I just felt that the burden on my shoulders was heavier. Only by redoubling efforts can we live up to the trust of leaders and comrades, and only by making more contributions can we be worthy of the cultivation of the organization. " Liu Shuoyang said.

Striving hard to overcome difficulties is at the forefront of national defense economic research

"The academic achievements are fruitful and the scientific research ability is outstanding." It is the unanimous evaluation of Liu Shuoyang’s scientific research work and level by leaders and comrades. During his doctoral studies at National Defense University, Liu Shuoyang’s scientific research ability and level have further achieved a qualitative leap.

In recent years, Liu Shuoyang has completed a series of important scientific research tasks. After integration of defense and civilian technologies became a national strategy, Liu Shuoyang paid attention to the follow-up study on the major theoretical and practical issues of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s in-depth development, and published a series of important articles in People’s Daily Internal Reference, Xinhua News Agency’s Domestic Dynamic Sample and other important newspapers and periodicals. Among them, two important articles, "Private enterprises’ participation in integration of defense and civilian technologies’s in-depth development needs urgent support" and "Our in-depth development in integration of defense and civilian technologies needs to be guided and standardized", were given important instructions by Comrade Ma Kai, member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and vice premier of the State Council, in 2014 and 2016 respectively, which entered the decision-making of the party and the state and made important contributions to promoting "people’s participation in the army". As a result, Liu Shuoyang became the first student in the National Defense University, and so far, the only one whose consulting report has won important instructions from the party and state leaders twice, and was commended by the National Defense University.

In October 2014, with the approval of the Central Military Commission, our army fully implemented military performance management. Liu Shuoyang closely followed the progress of the military performance management pilot, conducted in-depth investigation and research in the pilot units, found problems from practice, analyzed the causes of the problems with theory, and explored solutions. In 2015, he published the important article "Difficulties in Military Performance Management Need to Be Solved" in Xinhua News Agency’s Domestic Dynamic Sample Cleaning, and delivered it to the head of the Military Commission and the former head of the General Logistics Department as a special delivery, which entered the decision-making of the headquarters and made important contributions to promoting the pilot work of military performance management, and was highly praised by the heads and organs.

Liu Shuoyang’s doctoral thesis "Research on Performance-oriented Internal Control System of Military Expenditure" puts forward the idea of establishing performance-oriented internal control system of military expenditure, and constructs the main content and realization path of performance-oriented internal control system of military expenditure, which was awarded as an excellent doctoral thesis of National Defense University.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Supreme Leader, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, has made a series of important expositions on the development of national defense economy. With full political enthusiasm and rigorous style of study, Liu Shuoyang deeply studied Chairman Supreme Leader’s thoughts on national defense economy, and successively published such important articles as "Fundamentals of Promoting China’s National Defense Economic Development", "A New Chapter of the Party’s Guiding Theory for National Defense Economic Development" and "Grand Strategy for Promoting National Defense Economic Development" in top journals such as China Military Science and Military Economic Research, which made important contributions to the deepening of the research on Comrade Supreme Leader’s thoughts on national defense economy.

Hard work has borne rich fruits. In recent years, Liu Shuoyang has published more than 60 academic papers in People’s Daily, Economic Daily, study times, China Military Science, Journal of National Defense University, Journal of Equipment Institute, Military Economic Research, Logistics Academic, integration of defense and civilian technologies and other newspapers, and completed more than 10 national social science funds and provincial and ministerial key projects. In the past three years, Liu Shuoyang’s scientific research achievements have successively won the National Defense University Excellent Scientific Research Achievement Award, the National Defense University Excellent Works Award for Writing and Speaking, the first prize of the "Hanjiang Forum" international seminar organized by the Military Economic Research Center of the China People’s Liberation Army, the first prize of the annual project established by the National Defense Economic Research Center of the National Defense University, the first prize of the doctoral academic forum of the whole army, and the "China ‘ Frontier of national defense economy ’ Young scholars and postgraduate academic forum "second prize and other academic awards for more than 10 times.

"Scientific research is very boring, but scientific research is also very interesting and very fulfilling. As a soldier, I failed to serve the motherland on the battlefield, hoping to contribute to national defense and army building with a pen. " Liu Shuoyang said.

Liu Shuoyang, a doctor who is tireless in teaching and scientific research, is also a fighter who is tenacious and brave in the training ground; She is a gentle and elegant woman, but also a determined and strong soldier. She is not only conscientious in her teaching post, but also fruitful in her scientific research achievements, and she is equally eager for military quality. "Xiao Liu was the first female commander to compete in the training ground of National Defense University, and she led the queue class twice and won the first place", "Teacher Liu is the 100-meter fast girls of our college". Her leaders and students said so.

Can’t be red and delicate, and a uniform is even more heroic; Can’t gallop the battlefield, and a pen can also build national defense. Although Liu Shuoyang is just an ordinary female doctor in the army, she is holding up the mission of strengthening the army with loyalty, writing the feelings of strengthening the army with perseverance and practicing the dream of strengthening the army with hard work!

　　CCTV News:"Hangzhou released" WeChat WeChat official account news, from 22: 00 on December 2 to 11: 00 on December 3, 62 asymptomatic Covid-19 infections were newly found in Hangzhou, 25 cases were found by bayonet interception, 18 cases were found by centralized isolation, 14 cases were found by home isolation, 4 cases were found by community screening and 1 case was found by unit screening.

　　At 22: 00-24: 00 on December 2, 17 asymptomatic cases were newly infected in Covid-19.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 174: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 60 reported on December 1st.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 175: Close contact and centralized isolation of positive infected people from other cities.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 176: people exposed in epidemic-related places were found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 177: a migrant from Hangzhou, whose current address is Fengting on the waterfront in Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 178-179: Hangzhou people from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 180: the exposed person in the epidemic-related site, whose current address is North Luomaying Community in Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 181: Hangzhou personnel from outside the province, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 182: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place, whose current address is No.95 Chunchao Road, Xiaoshan District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 183: the exposed person in the epidemic-related site, whose current address is Jiubao Jiayuan in Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 184: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place was found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 185: Hangzhou personnel from outside the province, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 186: people exposed in epidemic-related places were found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 187-189: Hangzhou people from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 190: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 5 reported on November 27th.

　　From 00: 00 to 11: 00 on December 2nd, 45 asymptomatic cases of Covid-19 were newly infected.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 1: People from other places in Hangzhou province, found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 2: truck driver from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected persons 3: The close contact of asymptomatic infected persons 159 and 160 reported on December 2 was found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 4: truck driver from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 5-6: Hangzhou people from outside the province, intercepted by bayonet.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 7: The exposed person in the epidemic-related site, whose current address is Shangcheng St. Austrian Lingyu, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected persons reported on 8: 12: 01, and 94 asymptomatic infected persons were found in close contact and centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 9: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place, whose current address is Babao Jiayuan in Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 10: The current address is No.1, Hexia, Baoan Bridge, Shangcheng District, which was found by community screening.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 11: people from Hangzhou outside the province, found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 12: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 7 reported on December 3 were found.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 13: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 15 reported on November 29th.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 14: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place, whose current address is No.90, Mashi Street, Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 15: People from other places in Hangzhou province, found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 16: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 76 reported on December 2.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 17: Returned to Hangzhou from outside the province, whose current address is Chaijiawu Village, Linping District, and found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 18: Returned to Hangzhou from outside the province, whose current address is Chunhuiju, Mingcui Taoyuan, Fuyang District, and found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 19: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place, whose current address is Biyuntian Garden, Lvdu Lakeside Garden, Xiaoshan District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 20-21: Hangzhou people from outside the province, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 22-24: truck driver from other provinces, intercepted by bayonet.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 25: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 1 reported on December 1.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 26-27: Hangzhou people from outside the province, intercepted by bayonet.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 28: the exposed person in the epidemic-related site, whose current address is Sancun Village, Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 29: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place, whose current address is Beiyuan, Gefan Jiayuan, Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 30: the exposed person in the epidemic-related site, whose current address is Sancun Village, Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 31: truck driver from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 32: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 10 reported on November 29th.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 33: The current address is Qiancun Village, Wu Shan, Yuhang District, and the unit screening found it.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 34: people from Hangzhou outside the province, found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 35: a migrant from Hangzhou, whose current address is  Boao New Century Mingdu Hotel, Xiaoshan District. The community screening found it.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 36: Returned to Hangzhou from outside the province, whose current address is Caogongtang, Lianyi Village, Xiaoshan District, and was found by community screening.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 37-40: Hangzhou people from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 41: Returned to Hangzhou from outside the province, now living in Modern Chopin, Fuyang District, and found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 42: The current address is Hengtang Village, Lin ‘an District, which was found by community screening.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 43-44: Hangzhou people from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 45: people exposed in epidemic-related places are found in centralized isolation.

　　At present, the above personnel have been closed-loop transported to designated hospitals for isolation, and the situation is stable.

　　It is hoped that the general public will actively cooperate with the epidemic prevention and control work, consciously improve their health literacy and self-protection ability, cooperate with risk investigation, nucleic acid detection and other prevention and control measures, and maintain their awareness of self-health management.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Continue to pay attention to the mountain fires in America. In the past few days, under the influence of drought, strong wind and high temperature weather, mountain fires have raged in many States in the western United States. At present, California, Oregon and Washington, which are located on the west coast of the United States, are still the States with the most serious fires.

　　　　　　 San Francisco, California is one of the big cities most affected by mountain fires. At noon on the 9th local time in San Francisco, the landmark Golden Gate Bridge could have overlooked the San Francisco skyline, but now it has almost disappeared into the smoke. Although it is noon, it is already very dark, and the whole city is completely like night. Under the orange sky, you can see that the cars on the road are all lit, and the shops on both sides of the road are also brightly lit. The mountain fire lasted for many days, and local residents were also concerned about the progress of the fire. Many people stood on the street to take pictures.

　　　　　　 The total area of fire in 12 States is equivalent to the whole of New Jersey.

　　　　　　 According to the data released by the National Inter-departmental Fire Center on the 11th, at present, hundreds of large-scale mountain fires are burning in 12 states in the western United States, with an area of 18,400 square kilometers, equivalent to the whole area of New Jersey. More than 28,000 firefighters and support personnel are carrying out fire fighting operations. According to USA Today’s website, at present, mountain fires have caused at least 26 deaths, including at least 20 deaths in California, 5 deaths in Oregon and 1 death in Washington State.　　

　　　　　　 In California, there are still 24 large-scale mountain fires burning, 68,000 people have received evacuation orders and more than 3,900 buildings have been destroyed. On the 11th, California Governor gavin newsom said that the rare fire is evidence of global warming and climate change.

　　　　　　 500,000 people in Oregon received an evacuation order.

　　　　　　 In addition to California, many mountain fires in Oregon, Washington and other States are also extremely serious. The fire threatened people’s lives and a large number of people were forced to evacuate.

　　　　　　 Oregon Governor Brown said on the 11th that the state’s fire area has exceeded 4,000 square kilometers. In addition to the dead, dozens of people are still missing. It is expected that the death toll will continue to rise. At present, 500,000 people in Oregon have received evacuation orders, more than 10% of the state’s total population, and 40,000 of them have been evacuated. Oregon emergency management officials said on the 11th that they were preparing for a possible "mass death".

　　　　　　 Governor of washington Insley said on the 11th that in the past five days, the state’s fire area exceeded 2,500 square kilometers. Insley once again said that such a serious fire is not normal and is the result of climate change caused by human activities.

　　　　　　 In the three states on the west coast where the fire was the most serious, smoke covered the sky. On the 11th, in San Francisco, Seattle, Portland and other cities, air pollution caused by mountain fires was further aggravated. Public health experts advise residents to stay at home, close doors and windows, and use air purification equipment. Some experts suggest setting up "air pollution shelters" for the homeless, but some experts worry that gathering places will trigger the further spread of the COVID-19 epidemic.

　　　　　　 Three one-year-old babies were killed in a Washington state family.

　　　　　　 According to American media reports, on the 8th, a couple in Washington State tried to escape from a mountain fire with their one-year-old son. Because of the fierce fire, they abandoned their car and escaped halfway. When rescuers found them the next day, the child was dead and the couple was severely burned.

　　　　　　 Jacob Hylander and Jamie Hylander are a young couple who usually live in Renton, King County, Washington. Last weekend, Mr. and Mrs. Hylander took their one-year-old son to their house in rural Okanagan County for a holiday. Because of their remote location and no cell phone signal, they probably didn’t receive the mountain fire warning, and when they found the mountain fire coming, it was too late. The family fled by car at midnight on the 6th. On the morning of the 9th, search and rescue personnel found them on the banks of the Columbia River. At that time, both husband and wife suffered third-degree burns, and their son Yuri showed no signs of life.

　　　　　　 A similar tragedy happened in Oregon. On the 8th, in Marion County, Oregon, Wyatt tofte, a 13-year-old boy, and his grandmother Peggy Moso were also killed by the fire. Wyatt’s mother Angela was also burned all over her body and was seriously injured.