Beijing, 4 Dec (Reporter Chen Jinsong)-The 70th anniversary of the founding of China Braille Publishing House and the international seminar on visually impaired education were held in Beijing a few days ago. Zhang Jianchun, Vice Minister of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, and Cheng Kai, Chairman of China Disabled Persons’ Federation, attended the event and made speeches.

　　Zhang Jianchun pointed out that the Disabled Persons’ Federation of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China and China attached great importance to the cultural cause of the blind, and adopted various measures to strengthen the publication of Braille books, implemented the digital reading promotion project for the blind, constantly expanded the supply of high-quality cultural products and services, helped the blind friends to learn culture, acquire information and master skills, and established and enhanced their courage and confidence in life and work. China Braille Publishing House, as the only comprehensive cultural publishing institution serving the blind in China, has made great contributions to serving the overall situation of the work of the Party and the state, meeting the spiritual and cultural needs of the blind and promoting the prosperity and development of cultural undertakings for the blind.

　　More than 300 people attended the event, including responsible comrades from relevant departments and directly affiliated units of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, Ministry of Education and China Disabled Persons’ Federation, and experts in the field of visually impaired education at home and abroad. At the event site, YTO Express Co., Ltd. donated 3 million yuan to China Braille Publishing House to carry out the public welfare project of "Dream Blind Children Leading to the Future". (People’s Daily Overseas Edition)

Among the Chinese patent medicines approved for registration in China, some are compound preparations of Chinese and western medicines, that is, Chinese patent medicines containing chemical drugs. Doctors, pharmacists and patients must be aware that this kind of preparation can not be used only as general Chinese patent medicine. If you don’t pay attention to the prescription ingredients, it will lead to repeated medication. When combined with chemical drugs, we must first find out the ingredients to avoid abuse and cumulative application with chemical drugs to prevent adverse reactions and serious function and organ damage.

Share the efficacy and western medicine ingredients of 110 kinds of Chinese patent medicines containing western medicine ingredients for your reference in study and work!

Anticold medicine

The product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients, such as Pugan Tablet, pungent and warm to relieve exterior symptoms, and dispel cold. It can be used for relieving exterior symptoms, clearing away heat, dispelling wind and relieving pain, such as headache, limb soreness, fever, sneezing, runny nose, thin and white cough phlegm caused by wind-cold type cold and influenza. It can be used for treating severe cold caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and stagnation of heat, with symptoms of aversion to cold, high fever, headache, limb aches, sore throat, stuffy nose, cough, etc. Analgin and chlorphenamine maleate can dispel wind, detoxify and relieve pain. Used for fever, aversion to cold, stuffy nose and runny nose at the beginning of a cold. Acetaminophen and chlorphenamine maleate Sukankang capsules have the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain. Acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate and vitamin C Sukegan tablets (capsules) are used to clear away heat and toxic materials, dispel wind and relieve pain, for headache, nasal congestion and runny nose, yellow cough, sore throat and gingival swelling and pain caused by wind-heat cold, influenza and upper respiratory tract infection. Acetylsalicylic acid, chlorphenamine maleate and vitamin C Suganning capsules are used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain. It can be used for relieving exterior syndrome caused by wind-heat cold, influenza and upper respiratory tract infection, such as headache, body pain, stuffy nose, runny nose, yellow cough, gingival swelling and pain, etc. Acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate, vitamin C and vitamin C Yinqiao tablets are pungent and cool, clearing away heat and toxic materials. Used for relieving exterior syndrome caused by influenza, such as fever, headache, dry mouth, sore throat, etc., acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate and vitamin C Qiangli Ganmao tablet (Qiangli tablet), clearing away heat and toxic materials,Antipyretic and analgesic. Acetaminophen Ganmaoqing tablet (capsule) is used for dispelling pathogenic wind, relieving exterior syndrome, clearing away heat and toxic materials for colds, fever, headache, dry mouth, cough and sore throat. Acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, and maringuanidine hydrochloride suganning capsules are used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain for wind-heat common cold, fever, headache, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat and general aches. It can be used for clearing away heat and toxic materials for common cold, influenza, sore throat and parotitis in children. It can be used for relieving fever and pain of wind-heat common cold, mumps and laryngitis with acetylsalicylic acid Ganmaoling capsule (granule). Acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate and Caffeine Ganteling capsules are used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, clearing away lung heat and relieving cough. It is used for clearing away heat, detoxicating and relieving exterior syndrome caused by cough, runny nose, headache, dizziness and other symptoms in the early stage of cold. It can be use for relieving exterior syndrome, clear away heat and toxic materials with acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate and compound Ganmaoling tablets (capsules) of moroxydine hydrochloride. It can be used for relieving exterior symptoms, clearing away heat and toxic materials, such as fever, slight aversion to wind-heat-cold, headache, dry mouth, stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, yellow and sticky phlegm, paracetamol, chlorphenamine maleate and caffeine Jinling Ganmao tablets. Acetylsalicylic acid, chlorphenamine maleate and vitamin C Yinju Qingjie tablets are used for colds and upper respiratory tract infections, which are pungent and cool, clear away heat and toxic materials.It can be used for treating exogenous wind-heat, fever, aversion to cold, headache, cough, sore throat, etc. Acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate, new compound isatis indigotica leaves, clearing away plague, diminishing inflammation and relieving fever. It can be used to relieve fever, headache, nasal discharge and nasal discharge, joint pain, acetaminophen, vitamin C, caffeine, and pentobarbital Kangganling tablets. It can be used for treating nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy throat, cough and headache, aches all over the body, persistent high fever and complications such as tonsillitis and lymphadenitis caused by cold. Acetaminophen Guanhuang Ganmao Granule can cool the exterior, disperse the lung and relieve cough. It can be used for relieving fever and pain of wind-heat common cold, fever and aversion to wind, headache and nasal congestion, and cough with phlegm. Used for headache, fever, stuffy nose, cough and sore throat caused by common cold, acetaminophen, chlorphenamine maleate and caffeine.

Tonifying drug

The product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients, such as Lijiashou Tablet, which can tonify spleen and kidney, nourish yin and blood, improve intelligence and soothe the nerves. It can be used for fatigue, palpitation, insomnia, forgetfulness, frequent urination, etc. due to senility, and it can also be used for strengthening physique in the recovery period of chronic diseases. Vitamin E Weierkang capsule has the functions of strengthening spleen, strengthening body resistance, calming nerves and improving intelligence, and delaying aging. It can be used for the elderly who are weak, forgetful, dirty and impatient, and the elderly with dark spots. It can also be used as an auxiliary treatment for hypochondriac pain, fatigue and short breath. Vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin B1 compound Ziziphus jujuba seed capsules nourish blood and soothe the nerves. L-tetrahydropalmatine Jianpi Shengxue Granule is used for invigorating spleen and stomach, nourishing blood and tranquilizing the mind. Used for iron deficiency anemia of children with spleen and stomach weakness and heart and spleen deficiency; Adult iron deficiency anemia with deficiency of both qi and blood. Symptoms include sallow or white complexion, anorexia, bloating, constipation, irritability, sweating, lassitude, fat and pale tongue, thin and white fur, and weak pulse. Ferrous sulfate Weixuekang syrup can tonify kidney and spleen, replenish blood and nourish yin, and is used for spleen and kidney deficiency, essence and blood deficiency, sallow complexion, dizziness and tinnitus, soreness of waist and knees, and fatigue and thinness. And nutritional anemia and iron deficiency anemia belong to the above syndromes, and ferrous sulfate Shenqi Lidekang tablets can invigorate qi and nourish blood, and promote yang and stomach. For deficiency of qi and blood, stagnation of qi in middle energizer, fatigue, inappetence, poor sleep and diarrhea, Vitamin E Yikang capsule can regulate the whole body metabolism, restore cell vitality, improve cardiovascular function, strengthen the brain, keep fit, delay aging, and strengthen the body resistance. Can be used for treating coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, cerebral arteriosclerosis, and senile vision loss.Vitamin E and Vitamin A anti-brain-failure capsules have auxiliary therapeutic effects on hypothyroidism and chronic senile bronchitis, and have the functions of tonifying kidney and replenishing essence, benefiting qi and nourishing blood, strengthening body and strengthening brain. It is used for nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing heart and tranquilizing the mind, such as mental fatigue, insomnia, dreaminess, dizziness, weakness and memory loss caused by deficiency of kidney essence and liver deficiency and blood deficiency. For patients with liver and kidney deficiency, mental dystrophy, forgetfulness, insomnia, dysphoria, MUBI, hot flashes, night sweats, mental fatigue and neurasthenia, vitamin E and vitamin B1 Gengnianshu tablets nourish liver and kidney, nourish yin and blood, remove blood stasis, regulate menstruation, regulate temperature, kidney, nourish nerves and regulate metabolism. For menoxenia, dizziness, palpitation, insomnia caused by climacteric disorder, oryzanol and vitamin B6 Gengnianling capsule are used to warm kidney, benefit yin and tonify yin and yang. The capsule (tablet) of oryzanol, vitamin B6 and vitamin B1 Yujinfang, which is used for women with climacteric syndrome of deficiency of both yin and yang, can tonify primordial qi, nourish liver and kidney, and regulate qi and blood. Indications: palpitation and thoracic obstruction caused by deficiency of vital energy and deficiency of liver and kidney. It can be used for treating coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, asthenia, senile plaque and premature senility, including procaine hydrochloride, benzoic acid, potassium sulfite, vitamin B1, vitamin E, dicalcium phosphate and vitamin C.

hypotensor

The name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients, Zhenju Jiangya Tablet, to lower blood pressure. Clonidine hydrochloride for hypertension and hydrochlorothiazide for lowering blood pressure and avoiding wind tablets for clearing heat and calming liver, and hydrochlorothiazide for headache and dizziness caused by excessive liver and gallbladder fire.

Digestive medication

Compound Tianqi weitong tablet (capsule) contains western medicine ingredients, which can make acid and relieve pain, regulate qi and remove blood stasis, warm the middle warmer and strengthen the spleen, and stop bleeding. It can be used for treating hyperacidity, epigastric pain, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis. Magnesium oxide and sodium bicarbonate Shenqu Weitong tablets (capsules) can relieve pain, promote granulation, regulate qi, strengthen spleen and promote digestion. It can be use for treating hyperacidity, stomachache, dyspepsia, and anorexia. compound Chenxiangwei tablet of aluminum hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate can promote qi circulation, regulate stomach, stop acid and relieve pain. It can be used for treating epigastric pain due to qi stagnation, abdominal distension, belching and acid swallowing, and gastric and duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis with the above symptoms. Sodium bicarbonate, heavy magnesium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide Zhenhuangwei tablets are fragrant and invigorating the stomach, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain, stopping bleeding and promoting granulation. It can be used for treating epigastric distension and pain, anorexia and acid regurgitation caused by qi stagnation and blood stasis, dampness and turbidity, and for patients with peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis who see the above symptoms, calcium carbonate Huowei capsule (powder) can regulate qi and stomach, reduce adverse reactions and stop vomiting. It can be used for treating fullness of chest and ribs, epigastric pain, dysphoria, vomiting, acid swallowing, dyspepsia, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate Weining powder (Xintong oral liquid) and stomach pain caused by liver depression and spleen-stomach disharmony. It can be used for treating digestive tract ulcer with sodium bicarbonate and magnesium trisilicate Compound Houtou Granule for flatulence, abdominal pain and dyspepsia. Used for gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, aluminum sulfate, bismuth subnitrate, and magnesium trisilicate Kuiyangning tablets to make acid, relieve spasm, relieve pain, stop bleeding, adjust gastrointestinal function, and promote the healing of ulcer surface. For gastric and duodenal ulcer, vitamin U, atropine sulfate, hydrochlorothiazide and procaine hydrochloride Guhaisheng tablets are used to invigorate qi and spleen, promote qi circulation and relieve pain, promote blood circulation and regulate muscles.Furazolidone, sodium carbenoxolone and berberine hydrochloride tablets are used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, resisting bacteria and stopping dysentery, which are caused by spleen deficiency, qi stagnation and blood stasis. For acute dysentery, enteritis and diarrhea with damp-heat syndrome, trimethoprim Xiaoyan Zhililing tablets have the functions of clearing heat, eliminating dampness, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation. It can be used for clearing away heat and cooling blood, strengthening spleen and regulating stomach, and relieving acid and pain. It can be used for stomach heat burning, epigastric pain, nausea and acid swallowing, anorexia and fatigue, chronic gastritis, and gastric and duodenal ulcer. Bismuth nitrate, magnesium oxide, and aluminum hydroxide Chen Xiang Lu Bailu tablets can strengthen the stomach, regulate qi and relieve pain. It can be used for treating gastric ulcer, erosive gastritis, hyperacidity, acute and chronic gastritis, gastrointestinal neurosis and duodenitis, etc. Sodium bicarbonate, bismuth subnitrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate.

Diabetics

The product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients, such as Xiaoke Pill, nourishing kidney and yin, benefiting qi and producing essence. It can be used for diabetes with deficiency of both qi and blood (non-insulin-dependent diabetes). Symptoms include thirst, polydipsia, polyphagia, hunger, emaciation, fatigue and weakness, shortness of breath and laziness, etc. Glibenclamide Xiaotangling Capsule has the functions of benefiting qi and nourishing yin, clearing away heat and purging fire, benefiting kidney and reducing urine. Glibenclamide for diabetes mellitus

Antitussive, antiasthmatic and expectorant drugs

Product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients, such as Tankejing Powder, dredging orifices and smoothing qi, diminishing inflammation and relieving cough, and promoting expectoration. It can be used for treating cough, excessive phlegm, shortness of breath and asthma caused by acute and chronic bronchitis, pharyngolaryngitis, emphysema, etc. Caffeine Ansou syrup can moisten lung, eliminate phlegm, and relieve cough and asthma. It can be used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, such as phlegm-heat blocking lung, shortness of breath, cough with sticky phlegm, thirst and dry throat, ephedrine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride Qingke powder. It can be used for relieving asthma, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm in acute and chronic pharyngolaryngitis caused by phlegm-heat resistance and upper respiratory tract inflammation. Used for relieving cough and eliminating phlegm with chlorphenamine maleate and Clenbuterol Iulian Rosu Kepipa syrup for acute and chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Used for eliminating phlegm and relieving cough with ammonium chloride sufeike syrup for bronchitis caused by common cold. Ephedrine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride shufei syrup can be used for relieving cough and phlegm due to cough, asthma, excessive phlegm and bronchitis. It can be used for relieving asthma, eliminating phlegm, tranquilizing and relieving cough in acute and chronic bronchitis. It can be used for relieving asthma, eliminating phlegm, relieving cough and diminishing inflammation with chlorphenamine hydrochloride and decloxizine Qing ‘an Chuanding hydrochloride tablets for bronchial asthma and chronic tracheitis. Clenbuterol Kechuan Plaster is used for relieving cough and asthma, promoting diuresis and eliminating phlegm for chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. It can be used for clearing away lung-heat, relieving cough and relieving asthma, such as simple chronic tracheitis, asthmatic chronic tracheitis and asthma (except those caused by heart). It can be used for relieving cough, resolving phlegm and relieving asthma with ephedrine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride Tianyi Zhike syrup.Ephedrine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride mango Zhike tablet are used for treating common cold, cough, excessive phlegm, bronchial asthma and other diseases. Used for cough, asthma and phlegm. Chlorphenamine Hydrochloride Ketanqing Tablets can clear lung-heat, eliminate phlegm, relieve cough and asthma. Ephedrine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride Huatan Pingchuan tablets are used for clearing away heat and phlegm, relieving cough and asthma. It can be used for treating acute and chronic tracheitis, emphysema, cough with excessive phlegm, and asthma with chest fullness, warming kidney, absorbing qi, resolving phlegm and relieving asthma. Can be used for treating chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and emphysema, and is especially suitable for relieving cough and phlegm with clenbuterol Zhenkening syrup for asthmatic bronchitis. Ephedrine hydrochloride and antimony potassium tartrate Xiaokening tablets are used for relieving cough and eliminating phlegm for colds, cough, bronchitis and asthma. It can be used for relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, relieving asthma and diminishing inflammation with ephedrine hydrochloride and calcium carbonate Keteling tablets (capsules). Used for relieving cough and chronic bronchitis, chlorphenamine maleate xiaotanke tablet can clear away heat, eliminate phlegm, and relieve cough and asthma. It can be used for relieving cough and expectoration, dispersing lung qi and relieving asthma in acute and chronic bronchitis with phlegm-heat syndrome, or with symptoms of wheezing, such as ipratropium hydrochloride, trimethoprim and sulfanilamide Anchuan tablets. It can be used for treating phlegm invading the lung, lung failure, chest distress, cough, wheezing, excessive phlegm, acute and chronic bronchitis with the above symptoms, such as chlorpheniramine maleate, clenbuterol, qigong tablet, tonifying kidney, invigorating qi, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm. It can be used for treating lung and kidney deficiency, phlegm obstructing lung, chest distress, dyspnea, cough with excessive phlegm, soreness of waist and knees, chronic tracheitis and obstructive emphysema. Clentro

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs

The name and efficacy of Zhijiangning tablets contain western medicine ingredients, such as activating qi and removing blood stasis, promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals, benefiting essence and blood, and reducing blood fat. For chest pain, dizziness, tinnitus, numbness of limbs, hyperlipidemia or hyperlipidemia complicated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, etc. Vitamin C and aluminum clofibrate Guantong tablets can increase coronary blood flow, reduce coronary artery resistance, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and lower blood pressure. For coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, hypertension and other diseases, vitamin C and Maijunan tablets of isodeoxycholic acid can calm the liver, calm the wind, relieve muscle and relieve pain. It can be used for treating hypertension, headache, dizziness, neck pain, insomnia, palpitation, coronary heart disease, etc. Hydrochlorothiazide Mailuotong Granule can invigorate qi and promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis and relieve pain. It can be used for chest pain, chest distress, shortness of breath, headache, dizziness and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease caused by chest obstruction, as well as limb numbness and hemiplegia caused by stroke. Vitamin C and sodium bicarbonate compound Wurenchun capsule can clear away heat and promote gallbladder function, calm the liver and nourish blood, and reduce alanine aminotransferase. It can be used for treating persistent and chronic hepatitis with calcium carbonate, gallbladder nourishing, soothing liver, relieving pain, clearing away heat and promoting gallbladder function. Sodium cholate can be used for treating acute and chronic cholecystitis, biliary tract infection, gallbladder and biliary calculus.

Drugs for regulating qi and blood

The efficacy of Xinxuebao capsule contains western medicine ingredients, such as enriching blood and benefiting qi, strengthening spleen and regulating stomach. It can be used for gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhoid bleeding and menorrhagia, especially for iron deficiency anemia caused by pregnancy and partial eclipse, such as soothing liver, regulating qi, nourishing blood and regulating menstruation. Calcium carbonate for treating symptoms such as liver depression and blood deficiency, irregular menstruation, menstrual abdominal pain, amenorrhea, etc.

Drug use in five sense organs

The name and efficacy of nasal comfort tablets contain western medicine ingredients, which can clear away heat, diminish inflammation and induce resuscitation. It can be used to treat sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis caused by chronic rhinitis. Chlorphenamine maleate Biyankang tablet has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispersing lung qi, dredging orifices, relieving swelling and pain. Used for acute and chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, etc. Chlorphenamine Maleate Kangle Biyan Tablet has the functions of dispelling wind, clearing heat, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, eliminating dampness and inducing resuscitation. It can be used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispelling wind and inducing resuscitation, and treating colds, stuffy nose, and nasosinusitis (acute and chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis) caused by exogenous pathogenic wind, stagnation of heat in gallbladder channels, and damp heat in spleen and stomach. It can be used for treating allergic rhinitis, chronic simple rhinitis, headache, stuffy nose and runny nose caused by wind-heat accumulation.

Pediatric medication

Product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients. Xiaoer antipyretic suppository has antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used for strengthening spleen, promoting digestion and stopping diarrhea in children with fever such as common cold and upper respiratory tract infection. It can be used for treating dyspepsia, indigestion, abdominal pain and diarrhea, and compound sodium bicarbonate powder for expelling worms and resolving food stagnation. Levamisole Hydrochloride Linjiang Wind Medicine for Children Ascariasis has the functions of dispelling wind and clearing heat, inducing resuscitation and eliminating phlegm, calming the liver and calming the wind, and relieving static spasm. For children with acute and chronic convulsion; Syndrome of exterior-interior excess heat, such as excessive phlegm-heat and limb twitching, can strengthen the muscles and bones of acetaminophen Longmuzhuanggu Granule, regulate the stomach and strengthen the spleen. Can be used for treating and preventing rickets and rickets in children; It also has therapeutic effects on hyperhidrosis, night terrors, anorexia, dyspepsia, and developmental retardation in children. Vitamin D2 and calcium gluconate Xiaoer Zhike syrup can eliminate phlegm and relieve cough. Used for cough caused by children’s cold, ammonium chloride compound infantile antipyretic suppository has antipyretic and analgesic effects, sore throat and detoxification, expectorant and sedative effects. Acetaminophen is used for children with fever, upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, palpitation, sore throat and cough due to lung heat and phlegm.

for external use

The efficacy of Kecuoyintong cream containing western medicine ingredients inhibits the secretion of sebaceous glands and the growth of acne bacilli. It is used for clearing away heat and dampness, removing putrefaction and promoting granulation with trimethoprim, vitamin A and vitamin E Kun Jing suppository for blackheads, whiteheads and pustules. For vaginitis, cervical erosion, cervicitis, etc. with damp-heat downward flow, Furazolidone Penyan Qingshuan has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation, and relieving swelling and pain. It can be used for toxic blood stasis, abdominal distension and pain, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, and excessive leucorrhea. As well as pelvic inflammatory disease and adnexitis, indomethacin centipede zhuifeng ointment can detoxify and promote granulation, reduce swelling and relieve pain. It can be used for treating malignant sores, carbuncle, carbuncle, carbuncle, carbuncle, scrofula, mastitis, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride wound, and can be applied to stop bleeding, diminish inflammation and heal wounds. Calcium oxide, furacilin and ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate for small-area surgical trauma. Musk ointment for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis has the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, diminishing inflammation and relieving pain. It can be used for joint sprain, soft tissue contusion, acute lumbar sprain, lumbar muscle strain, scapulohumeral periarthritis, unhealed chilblain, erythema nodosum diphenhydramine hydrochloride and procaine hydrochloride for expelling wind, relieving itching, moisturizing and killing insects. Benzoic acid and salicylic acid Jinguning ointment are used for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, relieving swelling and pain, relaxing tendons and activating collaterals for tinea manus, tinea pedis, tinea cruris and tinea corporis. Used for stopping bleeding, relieving pain, diminishing inflammation, detoxicating and astringing with methyl salicylate and diphenhydramine hydrochloride Huazhi suppository for closed fracture and traumatic injury. It is use for promoting blood circulation, remove blood stasis, and relieving swelling and pain. It can be used for relieving inflammation and inducing resuscitation of functional disorder caused by hyperosteogeny, soft tissue injury and swelling and pain caused by Kaschin-Beck disease.Used for sterilization, anti-inflammation and antisepsis of ephedrine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride Laner powder for allergic rhinitis, acute and chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. For ear swelling, pus discharge, ear rot, ear bottom ulcer, zinc oxide, sulfadiazine and hafuron powder sterilization, anti-inflammatory, astringent and analgesic. It can be used for ear eczema, otitis externa and traumatic hemorrhage to relax bronchi with nitrofurazone Zhikeling aerosol. It can be used to treat bronchial asthma, asthmatic bronchitis and other symptoms, and clenbuterol powder can remove stagnation and blood stasis. Berberine and riboflavin for senile cataract and corneal nebula.

Other drugs

The product name and efficacy contain western medicine ingredients Xiaozhiling injection to astringe and stop bleeding. It can be used for internal hemorrhoid bleeding, internal hemorrhoid at various stages and varicose mixed hemorrhoid injection Yaoxitong Capsule to relax tendons and activate collaterals, remove blood stasis and relieve pain, and promote blood circulation and dispel wind. It can be use for treating rheumatic arthritis, hypertrophic lumbar spondylitis, hypertrophic thoracic spondylitis, cervical spondylitis, sciatica, and lumbar muscle strain, and has effect in clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation, remove blood stasis, relieving swelling and pain. Indomethacin Qianglikang Granule can be used to strengthen the body resistance and strengthen the body, such as throat tumor, toothache, hypochondriac pain, jaundice, nameless swelling caused by heat toxin and blood stasis. Vitamin E is used for various tumors during radiotherapy and chemotherapy, acute and chronic hepatitis, leukopenia and chronic diseases.

Source: Drug circle network users finishing

Original title: "Chaoquan: 110 kinds of Chinese patent medicines containing western medicine! (Schedule) "

Read the original text

　　[Editor’s Note] Although patent standardization can promote innovation, improve efficiency, reduce consumers’ adaptation costs and eliminate international trade barriers, it also greatly enhances the position of standardization organization participants in patent licensing negotiations, leading them to demand unfair, unreasonable and discriminatory patent licensing fees from standard users, namely patent licensees. Therefore, the patent system needs to fully consider the connection with the standard, and further improve the patent system related to the standard, especially the patent licensing fee system. This paper analyzes the system related to the standard-related essential patent in combination with the legal application of the US court and the China court in the cases of Microsoft v. Motorola and Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company respectively.

　　I. Introduction

　　There is no unified and clear definition of Standards-Essential Patents, SEP) [1]. We believe that if the implementation of technical standards must be based on infringement of patent rights, even if there are other technologies that can be included in the standards, the patent is a necessary patent for relevant technical standards. Standard refers to a normative document that is formulated by consensus and approved by recognized institutions, used together and reused in order to obtain the best order in a certain range [2]. Although patent standardization can promote innovation, improve efficiency, reduce consumers’ adaptation costs and eliminate international trade barriers, it also greatly enhances the position of standardization organization participants in patent licensing negotiations, leading them to demand unfair, unreasonable and discriminatory patent licensing fees from standard users, namely patent licensees.

　　In order to seek a balance between technical standardization for public use and patent protection, ISO in its relevant intellectual property policies not only requires standard participants to disclose the patents they own or actually control to ISO in time, but also requires them to promise to license all standard implementers to use their patents on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms. This is the "FRAND" principle that the patentee of standard essential patent must abide by in the licensing of standard essential patent.

　　Take the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI) as an example, the 4th.1 of its intellectual property policy stipulates: "During the development of the standards or technical regulations in which it participates, every member shall make reasonable efforts to inform ETSI of its necessary intellectual property rights in time. In particular, members who put forward technical suggestions for standards or technical specifications should draw ETSI’s attention in good faith to any intellectual property rights that may become necessary if their suggestions are adopted. " ETSI’s intellectual property policy 6.1 further stipulates: "If the necessary intellectual property rights related to a specific standard or technical specification have attracted ETSI’s attention, ETSI’s director-general shall immediately require the necessary intellectual property owner to make a written commitment within three months, and at least within the following scope, it is ready to grant an irrevocable use license under fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory conditions; Manufacturing, non-manufacturing or OEM are used to manufacture customized components or subsystems that meet the licensee’s own design standards; Sell, lease or otherwise dispose of the equipment manufactured in the above manner; Maintenance, use or operation of the above equipment; How to use it. "

　　However, the standardization organization has not made any provisions or expressed any opinions on how to judge the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard, which leads to difficulties. In April, 2013 and October, 2013, the US court and the China court respectively expressed their opinions on how to judge the FRAND standard essential patent license fee in the cases of Microsoft v. Motorola and Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company. However, due to the differences in the cultural background and legal accumulation of the judges of the two countries, the judgments of the two countries have their own characteristics and show great differences. [3] Based on the judgments of the above two cases, this paper makes a comparative study on several issues related to the calculation of essential patent royalties of FRAND standard, and draws some possible beneficial conclusions on this basis.

　　Second, the FRAND standard essential patent related system policy considerations

　　In the case of Huawei v. Interactive Digital Corporation of America, in order to evaluate the standard necessary patent license fees in line with the FRAND principle, the courts of first and second instance mainly considered the following three policy factors: total control, anti-patent hijacking and anti-patent license fee stacking. The first is total control, which means that the license fee of standard essential patent cannot exceed a certain proportion of the product profit of standard essential patent users. The courts of first and second instance of Huawei case held that technology, investment, management and labor jointly created product profits, and patented technology only created one factor of product profits. Therefore, the license fee required by the patentee should not exceed the total profit of users’ products in any case, otherwise, the license fee cannot be considered as conforming to the FRAND principle. The second is anti-patent hijacking. Patent hijacking refers to the ability of the patentee to claim more than the value of the patented technology itself and the ability to try to grab the value of the technical standard or regulation itself. In the judgment of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company, the courts of first instance and second instance did not explicitly use the concept of "anti-patent hijacking", but both courts held that the patentee of standard necessity should not profit from the standard itself, and its contribution lies in innovative technology rather than the standardization of its patent. That is to say, the two courts actually think that the necessary patent license fee should prevent the occurrence of patent hijacking. The third is Anti-Royalty Stacking.Stacking of patent license fees refers to the phenomenon that the licensee pays many different standard essential patentees over the license fees for one standard. Huawei’s courts of first and second instance both hold that a standard or technical specification contains many standard essential patents, and any standard essential patentee can only get the license fee due to him.

　　Different from the judgment of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company, the judge of Microsoft v. Motorola clearly used the concepts of anti-patent hijacking and anti-patent license fee stacking in addition to the above three policies, and also considered the following two policy factors. First, the necessary patent licensing fees of FRAND standards should be maintained at a level that can promote the wide adoption of standards, which is also the main purpose of ISO [4]. Second, the method of determining the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard should ensure that valuable patents can get reasonable royalties in order to establish truly valuable standards, which is also one of the goals of ISO [5].

　　Comparatively speaking, the judge in the case of Microsoft v. Motorola has considered the policy factors involved in the calculation of FRAND standard essential patent license fees more comprehensively, which is conducive to better balancing the interests of standard essential patentees, standard users and social public interests. In this regard, as stated in the judgment of Microsoft case, if the standard essential patent license fee is too high, although not using ISO standards may mean huge market entry barriers for market participants, if the standard essential patent license fee is higher than the cost for market participants to overcome market entry barriers, market participants will choose not to adopt ISO standards, which is very unfavorable for the popularization and application of standards. On the other hand, the creation of valuable standards is of great benefit to the whole society, but valuable standards depend on valuable technology. After the valuable technology is included in the standard, the patentee will lose the basic incentive to participate in the standardization organization if he can’t get reasonable and sufficient royalties, or even get less royalties than before being included in the standard. Of course, there are many necessary patents in a standard, but the technical content and contribution rate of each patent cannot be completely consistent. How to ensure that patents with more technical content and greater contribution to the standard get more royalties is also a problem that FRAND principle must consider. It is a great pity that the policy considerations in the first and second judgments of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company failed to involve the above two extremely important factors.

　　Most importantly, when determining the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard, the first-instance and second-instance judgments of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company considered the above three policy factors, but they were limited to general analysis, and this general analysis was not further applied to the specific analysis of the case. For example, the judgments in the first and second instance of Huawei case did not examine how many standard essential patents existed in WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and other standards involved, how many of these standard essential patents belonged to China standard essential patents, how many of these standard essential patents belonged to American Interactive Digital Company, and what specific standards were involved in the China standard essential patents of Interactive Digital Company. The judgments in the first and second instance of Huawei case also failed to examine the contribution of China standard essential patents of American Interactive Digital Company to relevant specific standards, which products of Huawei used these China standard essential patents of American Interactive Digital Company, and what contribution these standard essential patents of American Interactive Digital Company made to Huawei products. Although it is difficult to investigate and analyze these factors, the courts of first and second instance of Huawei case have to face them because these factors are closely related to whether the patent license fee demanded by American Interactive Digital Company constitutes patent hijacking and patent royalty stacking.

　　Different from Huawei’s first-instance and second-instance judgments, Microsoft’s judgment solved the above problems as much as possible despite great difficulties. The Microsoft case first determined that Motorola had the necessary patents in H.264 and 802.11 standards. In order to establish the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard related to H.264 standard, the Microsoft case first analyzes the development background and technical context of H.264 standard, including the development time of the standard, the technical characteristics and level of the standard itself, patents related to the standard, and Motorola’s contribution in the development and establishment of the standard. Secondly, the contribution of Motorola patent to H.264 standard is analyzed. The Microsoft case first identified six patent families that Motorola is necessary for H.264 standard, and then analyzed the contribution of each patent family to H.264 in detail. Thirdly, the Microsoft case judgment analyzes the contribution of Motorola patents to Microsoft products. The Microsoft case first determines that Microsoft’s products using H.264 include Windows, Xbox, Silverlight, Zune, Lync and Skype, and then reviews the contribution of each patent family of Motorola to each of the above products.

　　In order to establish the license fee of FRAND standard essential patents related to the 802.11 standard, the Microsoft case first examines the development history of the standard, and then reviews the relative technical value of different parts of the 802.11 standard, covering the number of all patents of the 802.11 standard, the number of Motorola patents in the 802.11 standard, the number (11) of Microsoft’s use of Motorola 802.11 standard essential patents and products, and the impact of Motorola’s 11 standard essential patents on 8001.

　　Third, the economic analysis of FRAND standard essential patent related system

　　Next, the specific method of calculating the standard necessary patent license fee is analyzed. In the case of Huawei v. Interactive Digital Corporation of America, neither Huawei as plaintiff nor Interactive Digital Corporation of America as defendant put forward a specific method to calculate the standard and necessary patent license fee in accordance with the FRAND principle. The calculation method adopted in the judgments of first instance and second instance is the comparison method. The so-called comparison method, according to the understanding of the court of second instance of Huawei case, means that the standard essential patent holder should charge the standard essential patent implementer basically the same license fee or adopt basically the same license fee under the condition of basically the same transaction conditions. Under basically the same trading conditions, if the standard essential patentee gives a licensee a lower license fee and gives another licensee a higher license fee, by comparison, the latter has reason to think that it has been discriminated against, so the standard essential patentee violates the promise of non-discriminatory use license. In order to carry out the above comparison method, the first and second judgments of Huawei case selected the standard essential patent license fee granted by American Interactive Digital Company to Apple as the reference object, and therefore determined that the standard essential patent license fee granted by American Interactive Digital Company to Huawei should be roughly the same as that granted to Apple.

　　The so-called choice of the standard necessary patent license fee given by Interactive Digital Company to Apple in the first and second judgments of Huawei case is mainly based on the following two aspects of evidence: First, a statistical and analytical report by the world-renowned analysis company STRATEGY ANALYTICS Inc In this report, STRATEGY ANALYTICS Inc counts and analyzes the shipments, market share, net sales and operating income of several famous global mobile phone providers from 2007 to 2012. Nokia, Samsung, Apple, LG Electronics, RIM, Motorola, HTC and Sony are all on its analysis list, but Huawei is not on its analysis list. According to the analysis report and forecast, Apple’s sales from 2007 to 2012 were about $300 billion, and Samsung’s net sales were about $209.751 billion. Second, in the third quarter of 2007, Interactive Digital signed a global, non-transferable, non-exclusive patent licensing agreement with a fixed license fee with a license period of seven years from June 29th, 2007. The licensed patent portfolio covers the then IPHONE and some future mobile phone technologies. In 2009, Interactive Digital signed a patent licensing agreement with Samsung and its subsidiaries.Grant Samsung a non-exclusive fixed patent license fee for terminal equipment and infrastructure under 2G and 3G standards worldwide, with the license period ending in 2012. However, the difference between the licensing agreement signed by American Interactive Digital Company and Samsung Company and the licensing agreement signed with Apple Company is that the former is a voluntary licensing agreement reached through equal consultation, while the latter is a licensing agreement that Samsung Company was forced to sign when American Interactive Digital Company filed a lawsuit. The meaning of the first-instance and second-instance judgments in Huawei case is very obvious. That is to say, the license granted by American Interactive Digital Company to Apple is voluntary, so it conforms to the FRAND principle, while the license granted to Samsung is very likely involuntary, so it does not conform to the FRAND principle. Therefore, the license fee of the former can only be used as a reference for the calculation of the necessary patent license fee of the FRAND standard in this case.

　　Although the comparison method is a simple and easy method, it is very necessary to list all the elements of the compared object as much as possible in order to obtain a more reliable comparison conclusion. It is a great pity that although the judgments of the first and second instance of Huawei case put forward the premise of "roughly the same trading conditions", they did not tell people what the "trading conditions" referred to here are and what the "trading conditions are the same" referred to here from the perspectives of evidence and legal reasons. By comparison, the court finally determined that American Interactive Digital Company should pay Huawei the China standard necessary patent license fee. The only possible evidence is that from 2007 to 2012, Apple’s net sales exceeded Huawei’s net sales of mobile phones. However, even so, the standard necessary patent license fee that American Interactive Digital Company hopes to obtain from Huawei in its last offer is calculated according to the sales of Huawei’s final mobile phone products, and the term is from 2009 to 2016. In this way, in order to make a scientific comparison, the courts of first and second instance of Huawei case should at least investigate and estimate Huawei’s net sales from 2009 to 2016, or the net sales from 2007 to 2012 in the same period as Apple. Regrettably, the judgments in the first and second instance of Huawei case did not touch on this issue. Under the condition that the minor premise of comparison and reasoning has not been solved, it is debatable whether the comparison conclusion is scientific or not. Besides,When the courts of first and second instance of Huawei case used the standard necessary patent license fee given to Apple by American Interactive Digital Company as a reference, they did not examine whether the license fee was in line with the core value pursued by FRAND, that is, to promote the entry of valuable technologies and the standard itself was widely adopted. If the answer is no, whether the judgment conclusion obtained by comparison can stand is also a question worthy of further consideration.

　　In the case of Microsoft v Motorola, Microsoft, as plaintiff, and Motorola, as defendant, respectively put forward their own methods to calculate the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard. The method proposed by Microsoft is "Incremental value approach". This method pays attention to the situation before the standard is adopted and implemented. The specific operation method is: in order to calculate the economic value of the patented technology included in the standard, we can compare other alternative technologies that can be included in the standard and calculate the specific value of the alternative technology, so as to obtain the value of the patented technology necessary for the standard. The Microsoft case court did not adopt this method proposed by Microsoft. The reason of the court is that this method is not practical. Even so, the Microsoft case court still held that the FRAND royalty must evaluate the value of the patented technology itself, which needs to consider the importance and contribution of the patent to the standard, so comparing the value of the patented technology with the alternative technology that can be included in the standard by the standardization organization can be used as a reference when determining the FRAND royalty. The method proposed by Motorola is a hypothetical bilateral negotiation method. Motorola claims that the authorization conditions of FRAND can be determined by simulating hypothetical bilateral negotiation under the obligation of FRAND authorization.

　　In principle, the Microsoft case adopts the hypothetical bilateral negotiation method, but it has been revised. The reason why the judgment in Microsoft case supports this method is mainly based on the following reasons: the hypothetical negotiation method is supported by authorized negotiation in the real world, and previous courts have made judgments by using this method. In the case of Georgia-Pacific Corp. V. United States Plywood Corp., (318 F. Supp. 1116 (1970)), the court simulated hypothetical bilateral negotiations to determine reasonable royalties through 15 analytical factors, and gained rich experience. When the court simulates a hypothetical bilateral agreement under the obligation of FRAND authorization, it should logically come to the standard necessary patent royalties that both parties consider to be FRAND.

　　However, the Microsoft case judgment did not simply copy the 15-factor analysis method proposed by Georgia-Pacifico judgment. The reasons include: First, the standard necessary patentee must grant the patent under the FRAND authorization conditions, while the patentee who has not assumed the same obligation has complete exclusive rights and can choose not to grant the patent. Second, hypothetical negotiation will hardly take place in a vacuum, and standard users will inevitably realize that there are many different essential patentees and their standard essential patents in the standard. Just because they are authorized by a single standard essential patentee does not mean that the standard can be implemented. On the basis of criticizing and absorbing the above two methods put forward by the original defendant, and on the basis of Georgia-Pacific15 analysis factors, the Microsoft case judgment puts forward a revised hypothetical negotiation method. At the same time, on the issue of patent hijacking, the negotiating parties will investigate the reasonable royalty ratio of FRAND authorization commitment according to the contribution of patent technology to standard technical capability and the contribution of standard technical capability to standard users and products using standards. In this way, an essential patent that is extremely important and key to the standard can reasonably require a higher royalty ratio than a less important essential patent. As for the stack of patent fees, the negotiating parties will consider the existence of other standard essential patentees, and each standard essential patentee will claim the patent fee according to the importance of its patent to the standard and the product of the standard implementer, and reach the royalty ratio on this basis. Finally,Under the condition of FRAND commitment, the rational negotiation parties seeking a reasonable royalty ratio will consider the fact that in order to promote the creation of valuable standards, FRAND authorization commitment must ensure that the owner of valuable intellectual property rights obtains a reasonable royalty for the intellectual property rights. Comparatively speaking, Huawei’s judgment basically failed to consider the above analysis factors because it used a relatively simple comparison method, and the rationality of its judgment should be said to have room for further improvement.

　　Four, the FRAND standard necessary patent license fee calculation.

　　So, how exactly to calculate the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard? As mentioned above, the judgment of Huawei case simply obtained the necessary patent license fee of FRAND China standard that American Interactive Digital Company can claim from Huawei by comparison method, and did not see the specific calculation process and the logical process in the calculation process, so there is not much to be discussed in depth. Based on the judgment of Microsoft case, this part analyzes the specific calculation of the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard.

　　During the trial of Microsoft case, both Microsoft and Motorola put forward their own calculation methods that can be used as the ratio comparison of FRAND royalties. The calculation method put forward by Motorola is that 2.25% of the net sales price of Microsoft’s products with Motorola’s standard essential patents, Windows and Xbox, should be used as the royalty ratio of Microsoft’s authorization to use the patent portfolio with H.264 and 802.11 standards. In order to support its claim, Motorola cited one of the above analysis factors in Georgia-Pacific case, and put forward three sets of existing patent licensing agreements as established royalties for reference. However, the judgment of Microsoft case did not adopt the comparison method proposed by Motorola, and thought that the authorization agreement proposed by Motorola had no reference value for the FRAND royalty ratio of this case. The reason is that the license agreement proposed by Motorola is a litigation settlement agreement, and the actual royalty paid in some license agreements is far less than the amount requested in this case. The value proportion of standard essential patents in some license agreements cannot be distinguished, and the standard essential patents involved in some license agreements have passed the protection period. At the same time, the Microsoft judgment holds that even if Motorola’s above-mentioned royalty ratio for calculating its standard essential patents is correct, Motorola’s royalty required for its 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio will obviously cause concern about royalty stacking. Accordingly, the Microsoft case decided that,Motorola’s 2.25% royalty rate related to H.264 and 802.11 standards does not conform to the FRAND principle.

　　The comparison objects proposed by Microsoft include the practical operation methods of two patent pools, one is MPEG LA H.264 patent pool, and the other is Via Licensing 802.11 patent pool, as well as an authorization agreement and a patent authorization evaluation suggestion. Regarding whether the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 can be used as a reference for the necessary patent royalty ratio of the FRAND standard in this case, the Microsoft judgment gave a positive answer. The reason for the decision in Microsoft case is that FRAND royalties should be in line with the purpose of promoting the widespread adoption of SSOs standards and attracting a wide range of patentees to put their patents into the patent pool, and MPEG LA H.264 patent pool can just achieve the purpose of SSOs. The evidence in this case shows that, on the one hand, when Microsoft, Motorola and other enterprises created the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, the royalty ratio set was high enough to attract a considerable number of patentees to put their patents into the patent pool; on the other hand, the royalty ratio set was low enough to ensure that enough standard users were willing to use the patented technology in the H.264 standard instead of alternative technology. This approach coincides with the basic principles of FRAND’s authorization commitment. In addition, the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 also echoes another basic principle of FRAND’s authorization commitment, that is, to create valuable standard technologies.

　　Then, how did the Microsoft case judge calculate the necessary patent fees of FRAND standard related to H.264 standard that Motorola should obtain? According to the Microsoft case, Motorola’s royalty from the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 includes two parts. Part of it is the appropriate royalty that should be allocated according to the number of patents from the royalties obtained from the patent pool as a member of the patent pool. The other part is the value of Motorola’s unrestricted access to a large number of technologies contained in the patent pool, that is, the royalties that should be obtained from the unrestricted internal cross-licensing of patent pool members, or the identity value of Motorola as a member of the patent pool. Regarding the former part of the royalties, the Microsoft case decided that according to the total amount of royalties obtained from the external license of the MPEG LA H.264 patent pool and the number of standard necessary patents of Motorola in the patent pool, the royalties that Motorola should receive were 0.185 cents for each product of Microsoft. Regarding the latter part of the royalties, that is, the identity value of Motorola as a member of the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, the only relevant evidence in this case is that after Microsoft joined the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, the fees paid to the patent pool were twice as much as the royalties obtained from the patent pool, which shows that the reason why Microsoft joined the patent pool is that it pays more attention to its identity as a member of the patent pool than the royalties that can be obtained from the patent pool. Because of this identity,Microsoft can clear all the obstacles of rights and use the patented technology in the patent pool without restriction. In other words, Microsoft believes that the membership of the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 is at least equivalent to twice the value of its royalties. On this basis, the judgment in the Microsoft case presumes that, in the absence of other obvious evidence, like Microsoft, Google, the parent company of Motorola, also thinks that its membership in the MPEG LA H.264 patent pool is equivalent to providing it with twice the value of the royalties it should get as a licensor. The judgment in the Microsoft case further infers that the sum of the two royalties (0.185+2×0.185) is 0.555 cents, which is the FRAND royalty that Motorola should get from Microsoft for every product that uses Motorola’s standard essential patent. However, this is only the lower limit of FRAND royalty ratio of Motorola’s H.264 standard essential patent portfolio. According to the Microsoft case, in order to prevent the stack of royalties, the upper limit of FRAND royalties must also be calculated. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of all kinds of evidence, the upper limit of Motorola H.264 standard essential patent portfolio rights calculated by Microsoft case is $0.16389 per single product, which is applicable to Microsoft’s Windows and Xbox products.

　　With regard to the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11, although the judgment in Microsoft case noted that it, like the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, did not distinguish the technical value of patents in the patent pool, but distributed the royalties equally, which led to its failure to attract patentees and standard implementers, and failed to encourage the wide adoption of the standard of Via Licensing 802.11, because of its certain characteristics, the judgment in Microsoft case held that it could still be used as a reference for FRAND royalty ratio. For example, the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11 mainly focuses on specific standards and covers the same products with the same end use as the disputed products in this case. In addition, the evidence shows that although the actual operation of the patent pool failed to achieve the purpose of promoting the wide adoption of standards, its establishment still followed this purpose, so the royalty ratio it established can still be used to show what kind of royalty ratio is in line with the FRAND principle in specific industrial activities. On this basis, the Microsoft case decided that the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11 can be used as a reference for the FRAND royalties of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio. Based on the same reasoning as the H.264 patent pool, the Microsoft case decided that if Motorola participates in the Via Licensing 802.11 patent pool, it can obtain other value equivalent to twice the royalties collected through the patent pool.

　　The judgment of Microsoft case holds that the parties to hypothetical negotiation will regard the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11 as a reference for the necessary patent royalties of the 802.11 standard, and determine the FRAND royalties on this basis. In the Microsoft case, Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent has only a small technical value to the 802.11 standard, so in their hypothetical negotiation, Microsoft and Motorola will think that the royalty ratio of 6.114 cents per single product estimated according to the patent pool practice will be higher than the FRAND royalty ratio that Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio should receive.

　　During the trial, Microsoft proposed that the royalty rate paid by Marvell Semiconductor,Inc, a third-party company, for its patents in Wi-Fi chip products could be used as a reference for the FRAND royalty rate of the 802.11 standard essential patents in this case. The judgment of Microsoft case holds that the royalty ratio of the third-party company provides "the usual royalty ratio that can be obtained in a specific commercial field" for this case. Therefore, it is held that 1% of the price of each single chip implementing the 802.11 standard, that is, 3 to 4 cents per single chip, can be used as a reference for the royalty ratio of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio.

　　The third reference to the FRAND royalty ratio of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio determined by the Microsoft case judgment is a patent authorization evaluation model developed by Intercap, Inc. in 2003. The Microsoft case decided that the evaluation method of InterCap,Inc conforms to the basic principle of FRAND authorization commitment, because it considers the value of 802.11 standard technical function to the overall product function and the stacking of royalties, so it can be used as a reference for the appropriate FRAND royalty ratio of 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio. However, the judgment of Microsoft case also holds that the evaluation method of InterCap,Inc exaggerates the importance of Motorola’s standard essential patents to the 802.11 standard, so its appropriateness is impaired. In the hypothetical negotiation between Microsoft and Motorola, although the royalty assessed by InterCap,Inc will be used as a reference for FRAND royalty, the royalty ratio will be adjusted to 0.8 to 1.6 cents per single product.

　　According to the above analysis, the judgment of Microsoft case holds that in order to estimate the FRAND royalty ratio, it is reasonable for both parties to hypothetical negotiation to take the average of the above three reference values as the royalty ratio. The specific algorithm is to average the lowest value evaluated by InterCap,Inc at 0.8, and the royalty ratio authorized by Marvel Wi-Fi chips is averaged at the average value within its range of ((3+4)/2)3.5. On this basis, the average value of the three references is calculated to be 3.471 cents ((0.8+3.5+6.114)/3), which is the FRAND royalty ratio reached by Microsoft and Motorola through hypothetical negotiation.

　　Considering the stacking of royalties, the Microsoft case decided to adjust the royalty ratio to 19.5 cents per single product based on the high royalty ratio estimated by Microsoft expert witnesses based on the structure of patent pool Via Licensing 802.11, and take it as the upper limit of the FRAND grant range of Motorola 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio. As for the lower limit of the scope of FRAND grant for Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio, the Microsoft case further holds that the lower limit should be the lowest value of standard essential patent that the standard essential patentee will agree to accept after considering the importance of its related patents to the 802.11 standard and standard user products. Considering the limited evidence in this case, the court found that 0.8 US dollars per single product is the lower limit of FRAND royalty.

　　To sum up, the FRAND royalty rate set in the Microsoft case judgment is: the FRAND royalty rate of Motorola’s H.264 standard essential patent is 0.555 cents per single product, and the upper limit of the FRAND royalty rate range is 16.389 cents per single product, and the lower limit is 0.555 cents. This royalty ratio and scope apply to Microsoft’s Window and Xbox products, and other Microsoft products using H.264 standard apply to the lower royalty ratio of 0.555 cents. The FRAND royalty rate of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent is 3.471 cents per single product, and the upper limit of the FRAND royalty rate range is 19.5 cents per single product, and the lower limit is 0.8 cents per single product. The royalty rate and scope are applicable to Microsoft’s Xbox products, and other Microsoft products using the 802.11 standard are subject to the lower royalty rate of 0.8 cents. (Peking University International Intellectual Property Research Center Li Yang Liu Ying)

　This article only represents the opinions of experts in the research base and may not be reproduced without permission.

　

　　[Notes]

　　[1] The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines it as "any patent or patent application that may completely or partially cover the draft standard". The American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) interprets it as the so-called "necessary patent requirements" refers to the patent claims that will be used when implementing the standard clauses (whether mandatory or optional) of a draft standard.

　　[2] Electronic Intellectual Property Editorial Department. 2012 Electronic Intellectual Property Annual News Inventory International Articles [J]. Electronic Intellectual Property. 2013 (issue 1.2).

　　[3] The approximate case of Microsoft case is as follows: On October 21 and 29, 2010, Motorola informed Microsoft in writing that the licensing conditions of its 802.11 standard essential patent and H.264 standard essential patent were 2.25% of the final product price of Microsoft. In November, 2010, Microsoft took the initiative to file a lawsuit with the Federal District Court for the Western District of Washington on the grounds that Motorola’s licensing offer violated its RAND authorization commitment to standardization organizations IEEE and ITU.

　　The general case of Huawei is as follows: Huawei and American IDC are both members of the European Telecommunications Standardization Organization (ETSI). American IDC claims that it has many standard essential patents in the fields of 2G, 3G, 4G and IEEE802. Huawei acknowledges that these necessary patents of IDC have been incorporated into China wireless communication standards, and its products must meet these standards. From September 2008 to August 2012, IDC sent four written authorization offers to Huawei. In the first and second written offers, IDC hopes to obtain royalties from Huawei from 2009 to 2016, which is equivalent to 100 times that of Apple in the United States and 10 times that of Samsung in South Korea in the same period. In the third written offer, IDC hopes to get 35 times as much royalties from Huawei as IDC gave to Apple in the same period. In the fourth written offer, IDC hopes to get royalties from Huawei, which is equivalent to 19 times that of IDC to Apple in the same period. In these four offers, IDC did not make any distinction between standard essential patents and non-standard essential patents. In the fourth offer, IDC made it clear that rejecting any specific terms of the offer meant rejecting the whole offer. In order to force Huawei to accept its offer authorization conditions, in July and September 2011, IDC filed a complaint and prosecution with the US International Trade Commission and the US District Court Delaware respectively, accusing Huawei’s communication products of infringing its patent rights and demanding a ban.It is forbidden to import and sell Huawei products into the United States. In addition, the analysis report provided by Huawei by STRATEGY ANALYTICS, a famous American data survey and analysis company, shows that the company has analyzed the shipments, market share and net sales of the world’s top mobile phone companies from 2007 to 2012. Nokia, Samsung, Apple, LG, RIM, Motorola, HTC and Sony are on its analysis list, but Huawei has not been able to enter the analysis list. Accordingly, Huawei filed a lawsuit in the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court in December 2011, accusing IDC of violating the FRAND principle in its four offers, and demanding that IDC grant it the necessary patent license in accordance with the FRAND principle.

　　[4] See Microsoft Corp. V Motorola Inc,No.C10-1823JLR.ORDER-20.

　　[5] See Microsoft Corp. V Motorola Inc,No.C10-1823JLR.ORDER-24.

CCTV News:As an important manifestation of digital trade, cross-border e-commerce has become a new bright spot in global economic development. Statistics from the General Administration of Customs show that in the first quarter, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in China was 577.6 billion yuan, an increase of 9.6%. Among them, exports were 448 billion yuan and imports were 129.6 billion yuan. At the world internet conference Digital Silk Road Development Forum held on April 16th, "International Cooperation of Silk Road E-commerce" was the main topic, aiming at promoting the facilitation of cross-border electronic commerce and the data flow and sharing among countries.

The reporter saw in the live broadcast base of Xi ‘an Chanba cross-border e-commerce industrial park that the anchors enthusiastically introduced goods from different countries, such as Russian purple candy, beer, milk powder, chocolate from Uzbekistan, honey from Kyrgyzstan, and high-quality goods with Shaanxi characteristics.

At present, Chanba cross-border e-commerce industrial park has settled in 45 cross-border e-commerce enterprises and introduced more than 300 international and regional brands to deliver goods to the world in time.

Wu Ziheng, director of the Foreign Cooperation Bureau of Xi ‘an Chanba International Port Management Committee, introduced that Chanba cross-border e-commerce industrial park actively promotes the linkage of "cross-border e-commerce+live broadcast" and "cross-border e-commerce+training", builds a new industrial chain for cross-border e-commerce, and establishes four mechanisms of "enterprise incubation+talent training+innovation and entrepreneurship+industrial empowerment".

Xi ‘an Chanba Cross-border E-commerce Industrial Park is a microcosm of China’s cross-border e-commerce. Relevant data show that by the end of 2022, there were 165 cross-border electronic commerce Comprehensive Experimental Zones covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. It is the joint efforts of these cross-border e-commerce industrial parks that have enabled China’s cross-border e-commerce import and export volume to reach 577.6 billion yuan in the first quarter of this year.

At the world internet conference Digital Silk Road Development Forum held on April 16th, many topics and discussions were focused on the development of cross-border e-commerce in countries with the Belt and Road Initiative.

Chris brown, director of the British-China Business Environment Program of the British Standards Association, said: "Now e-commerce accounts for a large proportion of global GDP and has become a driving force for economic development, so I think e-commerce is not only for China, but also for co-construction ‘ Belt and Road ’ The country, even to Europe and the world, is very important, and e-commerce will become the driving force in the fields of productivity and employment. The development of cross-border e-commerce in different countries is different, but it is undeniable that China is one of the leaders and innovators. China and the United States are both strong in the global cross-border e-commerce field, but China is in ‘ Belt and Road ’ The cross-border e-commerce field along the route has a leading position in terms of infrastructure, products and organization. Other countries should cooperate with China, and China is very strong in this field. "

Abdullah Ali works for a fast food company in Jordan. For many years, his company has been trying to explore the international market. Abdullah Ali attended the world internet conference Digital Silk Road Development Forum held on April 16th. While learning the mature model of cross-border e-commerce in China, he also hoped to find a powerful partner to help his products open the international market.

Abdullah Ali, senior project manager of a food manufacturer in Jordan, said: "I have learned a lot from this conference, such as China’s leadership in the digital development of cross-border e-commerce in the world. China is a good partner, and I hope to broaden the broader international market by participating in this Internet conference. "

World internet conference Digital Silk Road Development Forum: Bridging the Digital Divide and Creating Mutual Assistance and Win-Win.

The main topic of the world internet conference Digital Silk Road Development Forum held on April 16th was in the field of cross-border e-commerce. Experts pointed out that there is a digital gap between countries in the field of e-commerce due to their different national conditions, and all the participants are actively offering suggestions on how to bridge the digital gap and shorten the gap in strength, so as to achieve the goal of mutual assistance and win-win.

Zhuang Rui, Executive Dean of university of international business and economics Institute for International Economics, said: "Because ‘ Belt and Road ’ There are many participating countries, and some infrastructure in these countries may not be very good. This infrastructure includes hardware infrastructure and some new infrastructure in the digital field, and these aspects may be backward. "

Experts pointed out that in order to promote the construction of the "Belt and Road", the project of Chinese enterprises to build a "Belt and Road" country was started many years ago.

Zhuang Rui said: "Through the way of development assistance, to help each other build some infrastructure, including information infrastructure, this is what China enterprises are doing, and the China municipal government also actively supports it. Countries around the world can unite to bridge this digital divide. I think the Digital Silk Road Forum is also such an original intention. "

Experts pointed out that economic development is the driving force to bridge the digital divide among countries by promoting cross-border e-commerce cooperation in the "Belt and Road" countries. Cross-border e-commerce has risen rapidly in the world and become the driving force of GDP development in various countries, and the corresponding internationalization standards are also being promoted and formulated. The introduction of these standards is also to better serve the development of cross-border e-commerce.

Chris brown, director of the British-China Business Environment Program of the British Standards Association, said: "I want to describe what kind of cross-border e-commerce standards we need. I think the key points are trust, trust between different countries, trust between manufacturers and consumers, mutual trust in payment systems, mutual trust in legal rules and mutual trust in product quality."

　　On August 30, with the website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection announcing the inspection and rectification of 17 units and regions, the rectification of 37 units and regions in this round of inspections was all announced to the public, which marked the successful conclusion of the 18th Central Inspection.

　　Strengthening inspection and supervision can play a sharp role in comprehensively and strictly administering the party. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "patrol has become an important platform for building a clean and honest party style and fighting corruption, an important way to combine inner-party supervision with mass supervision, an important starting point for higher-level party organizations to supervise lower-level party organizations, and a strong support for comprehensively and strictly administering the party."

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has taken inspection as a major measure to promote the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party, and insisted on the combination of inner-party supervision and mass supervision, which has played an important role in deepening anti-corruption and forming a shock, and promoted the continuous development of the comprehensive and strict administration of the Party.

　　Precise positioning and deepening political inspection

　　One leads to its outline, and all eyes are open. Patrol positioning is the "outline" of patrol work.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly pointed out that "it is necessary to focus on checking whether the inspected party organizations safeguard party constitution’s authority, implement the principle of strictly administering the party, implement the party’s line, principles, policies and resolutions, and whether there are problems such as weakening party leadership, lack of main responsibility, and ineffective strict administration of the party, and urge them to assume the responsibility of managing the party."

　　Patrol is a political patrol, and only by improving the political position can we find the real problem.

　　Twelve rounds of central inspections have always been conducted under the direct leadership of the CPC Central Committee. After each round of inspections, the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting should listen to the situation report. Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party reviewed and inspected six special reports including provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, important state-owned key enterprises, central and state organs, central political and legal units, ideological units, and universities in charge; At the same time, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader reviewed the inspection report in detail every time, and made targeted judgments on the problems found, giving instructions on implementing the responsibility for rectification and using the inspection results, which provided a fundamental guarantee and basic follow-up for the deepening development of the inspection work.

　　“‘ Four consciousnesses ’ It is not strong enough, and the leading core role of the Party committee is not fully exerted. ""The Party building is not strict enough, the political life within the Party is not strict enough, and the construction of grass-roots party organizations is weakened "… … By combing the feedback from the Central Inspection Team to the inspected units, we can find that it is "standard" to emphasize the "four consciousnesses" and the responsibility of managing the party, which fully reflects the requirements of political inspection.

　　In the past five years, the patrol work has been deepened in persistence, and persisted in deepening. From the beginning, it focused on the building of a clean and honest party style and the struggle against corruption, focusing on the "four efforts" to find problems and form a shock, to focusing on the "six disciplines", highlighting discipline before the law, and then focusing on party leadership, party building, and comprehensive and strict management of the party. The patrol positioning has become more and more accurate, the direction has become more and more focused, and its role has become more and more important.

　　The political patrol takes the "four consciousnesses" as the political benchmark, the party discipline of party constitution as the political ruler, the fundamental political task is to safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralize and unify leadership, the basic political requirement is to coordinate and promote the overall layout of the "five in one" and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, strengthen the "four self-confidences", keep an eye on the "key minority", find out the political deviation, and focus on discovering the weakening of the party’s leadership, the lack of party building, and the strictness. The party’s concept is indifferent, the organization is lax, the discipline is lax, and the management of the party is loose and soft. It is serious about the political life within the party, purifies the political ecology within the party, and plays the role of a political "microscope" and a political "searchlight".

　　"The Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a re-mobilization and re-deployment to strictly manage the party in an all-round way. We deepened our political inspection with the times, focused on upholding the party’s leadership, strengthened party building, strictly managed the party in an all-round way, highlighted serious political life within the party, and purified the political ecology within the party, thus grasping the fundamental, directional and overall problems and effectively promoting the management of the party to treat both the symptoms and the root causes." Yang Xiaochao, Secretary-General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and member of the Central Inspection Leading Group, said in the recently hit TV feature film "Inspection Sword".

　　The "Regulations on Patrol Work in the Communist Party of China (CPC)" revised on July 1 clearly pointed out that it is necessary to deepen political patrol, focus on upholding the party’s leadership, strengthen party building, strictly manage the party in an all-round way, find problems and form a shock … … With the improvement of the inspection station and the focus of the content, the Central Inspection Team is problem-oriented and plays the role of a political "microscope" and a political "searchlight", which promotes the in-depth development of the inspection work.

　　Sword refers to the problem, a comprehensive political "physical examination"

　　On June 21, the website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection published the feedback from 15 middle-level colleges and universities in the 12th round of the 18th Central Committee. So far, the feedback of the last round of the 18th Central Committee has been fully announced, which means that the central inspection has completed the full coverage of the inspections of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, central and state organs, key state-owned enterprises, central financial institutions and universities in charge as scheduled since the 18th Central Committee, realizing the full coverage of the central inspection for the first time in the history of the Party.

　　Full coverage itself is a powerful shock, and only full coverage can achieve zero tolerance.

　　Full coverage of inspections is a solemn commitment made by the CPC Central Committee to the whole party and society. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party and The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) have studied the patrol work for 23 times, determined the patrol work policy and decided to implement full coverage of one-term patrol.

　　In November 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decided to improve the inspection system of the central government, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities to achieve full coverage of localities, departments, enterprises and institutions. The goal of full coverage of inspections was first put forward at the Central Plenary Session of the Party. In October 2016, the regulations on inner-party supervision reviewed and approved by the Sixth Plenary Session further clarified that the Party Committee should achieve full coverage of inspections within one term. This is a major deployment made by the CPC Central Committee according to the judgment that the situation of building a clean and honest party style and the anti-corruption struggle is still severe and complicated.

　　In the past five years, the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work has carried out 12 rounds of inspections, inspected 277 party organizations, "looked back" on 16 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and conducted mobile inspections on 4 central units, fulfilling the political commitment of full coverage; At the same time, the party committees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have completed the full coverage of the party organizations of 8362 localities, departments, enterprises and institutions under the provincial jurisdiction. According to the clues of patrol handover, local discipline inspection and supervision organs filed a case to investigate and deal with 1326 bureau-level cadres and 8957 county-level cadres, which played a powerful deterrent effect.

　　During the inspection, the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work discovered the problems and clues of a large number of senior leading cadres, such as Sun Zhengcai, Wang Min, Wang Sanyun and Huang Xingguo, and exposed a series of major cases. The data shows that more than 60% of the cases of middle-ranking cadres filed by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection come from inspections.

　　It is a heavy and difficult task to achieve full coverage of inspections during a term of office. The central inspection work is constantly innovating. After the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the number of inspection teams increased from 10 in the first round to 15 in the eighth round. The number of party organizations inspected by each inspection team has increased from the original one-to-one to the sixth round of "one for two" and even the eighth round of "one for three".

　　In addition, the 18th Central Committee broke the existing pattern from the first round of inspection, and implemented the "three unfixed" relationship among the inspection team leader, inspection object, inspection team and inspection object, with the team leader authorizing one at a time. By exploring the patrol methods such as routine patrol and special patrol, we have innovated patrol methods such as patrol, acupuncturing, return visit and motorization, and achieved outstanding results. Wang Sanyun, Yu Haiyan, Chen Shulong, Yang Zhenchao and other senior leading cadres were all dismissed by the "comeback" when they looked back on their patrol.

　　In the past five years, the Central Inspection Team has handled more than 1.1 million letters, received more than 300,000 visits and answered more than 100,000 calls in 12 rounds of inspections. There were nearly 400 conversations in each province, autonomous region and municipality, and nearly 200 conversations in each central department, enterprises and institutions, and more than 8,200 outstanding problems were found … … After rounds of inspections, the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work has refined a number of effective systems and methods, and found many hidden and disguised violations of discipline and law, which will continuously push the party from strict management to depth.

　　Strictly investigate and reform to ensure both the symptoms and the root causes.

　　"The province has divided the feedback problem into two categories, three aspects, 40 items and 79 specific problems, and put forward rectification requirements one by one, clarifying the responsible leaders, responsible units and rectification time limit."

　　"128 of the 150 rectification measures formulated by the school party Committee have been completed as scheduled, and the remaining 22 items that need to be rectified and rectified for a long time as planned are being fully promoted."

　　On August 30th, the 12th round of inspection and rectification of the 18th Central Committee was announced to the public, and Jilin Province, Tsinghua University and other regions and units made the rectification and progress public respectively.

　　Classify and refine the rectification measures; Compaction responsibility, layer upon layer conduction pressure.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The patrol is to form a shock. For the problems found, including the problem of party style and clean government, ‘ Four winds ’ Problems and cadre problems must grasp the rhythm and prioritize, but they must be corrected and handled, and all parts must be settled. "

　　After each round of inspections, members of the Central Inspection Work Leading Group attended the feedback meeting, which hit the nail on the head and pointed out the key points, providing guidance and pointing out the direction for the rectification.

　　The rectification will not be discounted, and the system will be established to plug the loopholes. For the "political physical examination report", the inspected party organizations accepted it in full and actively rectified it. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the inspected party organizations have formulated more than 21,000 rectification measures, established more than 33,000 perfect systems, held more than 450,000 people accountable, and recovered and avoided economic losses of nearly 200 billion yuan.

　　In response to the problems pointed out by the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work, such as "endless circle culture and destroyed political ecology", the Tianjin Municipal Committee vigorously investigated and sorted out the clues, and found 34 clues involving circle culture and humanism as an important part of disciplinary review, and increased exchanges between cadres; In order to solve the problems of "red-top intermediary", "two governments" and "relying on organs to eat enterprises", the State Administration of Work Safety took down three association plaques hanging in front of the gate and organized 26 provincial coal mine safety bureaus to conduct self-inspection … … While rectifying the problems one by one, the inspected units also made inferences and blocked the loopholes from the source by establishing rules and regulations. From Tianjin’s formulation of the Measures for Examining Cadres to Prevent "Promotion with Illness", to the State Administration of Work Safety’s promulgation of the Measures for the Management of Business Funds Entrusted by Organs, and then to Yunnan’s formulation of the Measures for the Management of Prospecting and Mining Rights in Yunnan Province and the Measures for the Trading of Mining Rights in Yunnan Province, various rules and regulations have been promulgated, making the rectification have both immediate measures and long-term mechanisms, which have seen the real chapter in implementation.

　　With the deepening of the management of the party and the development of inspection practice, the CPC Central Committee has comprehensively summarized and absorbed the innovative achievements of inspection theory and practice since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and revised the regulations on inspection work with the times. In addition, not long ago, the Central Committee issued the Provisions on the Cooperation between the Party Organizations under Inspection and the Central Inspection Work, which improved the Working Rules of the Leading Group for Central Inspection Work and the Working Rules of the Central Inspection Team, and further improved the inner-party supervision system.

　　The "sharp soldier" shows great courage, and the "sword" shows its edge. In the past five years, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, inspection has become a weapon of the party and the country, and an effective way of self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation and self-improvement has been explored, which has laid a solid foundation for comprehensively administering the party strictly and deepening the building of a clean and honest party style, and created conditions for purifying the political ecology within the party and realizing the complete improvement of the party style and political style.

　　Southern propagation refers to the method of taking breeding materials of summer crops to the tropical areas of southern China for breeding and breeding in winter. It can be said that Nanfan is the innovative highland of agricultural science and technology, the cradle of cultivating scientific research talents and the engine of transforming scientific research achievements.

　　Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice", Yang Zhenyu, the founder of northern hybrid japonica rice, Cheng Xiangwen, a corn breeder, Guo Sandui, an inventor of domestic insect-resistant cotton, Wu Mingzhu, the "king of northwest melons", Zhou Kaida and Xie Huaan … … These breeders who have made outstanding contributions to China’s agricultural development are engaged in different professions, but they all have a common experience: they spent hard years in Nanfan and created breeding miracles.

　　What is Nanfan? Nanfan refers to the activities of basic agricultural research, variety selection and seed identification by using the tropical climate and environmental conditions around Sanya, Hainan, which can meet the annual growth and reproduction of plants. It can be said that Nanfan is the innovative base of China rice bowl, the innovative highland of agricultural science and technology, the cradle of cultivating scientific research talents and the engine of transforming scientific research achievements.

　　A Jiazi’s years in the south have changed the scientific research materials and varieties that come and go, and what remains unchanged is the persistence and dedication of scientists. From living without a fixed place and finding land every year, to improving infrastructure and ensuring scientific research land, Nanfan’s entrepreneurial and innovative environment is not what it used to be; From making more than 800 million people "eat enough" to making nearly 1.4 billion people "eat well", generations of breeding experts have never stopped in their pursuit of food security. They have used persistent scientific research and innovation to make the wings of agricultural science and technology harder and make Chinese’s rice bowl more secure.

　　Scientific research and breeding highland

　　When I met Huang Tingjun at Nanfan Base of Jilin Seed Station in Sanya, he was engaged in irrigation in the field. In 1983, after graduating from college, he came to work in Jilin Seed Station, and immediately began to work in Nanfan. Talking about his first experience in Nanfan, he still remembers it vividly. "I walked from Changchun to Sanya for seven days for the first time. At that time, it was difficult to find a suitable scientific research base, the accommodation conditions were poor, and chemical fertilizer and pesticide machinery were lacking. " Slowly, the conditions of Nanfan became better. "For irrigation, at first, two people carried water, then there was a small pump, then there was furrow irrigation, and now there are sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation." In recent years, Huang Tingjun has stayed in Hainan for about 130 days every year, and kapok is the time to go back. At this time, he returned to Jilin with the cultivated materials to continue the field experiment.

　　In recent years, Huang Tingjun is mainly engaged in maize seed identification. Every winter, he and his team have to identify 480 seed samples, which will involve the safety of 50 million kilograms of seeds. Hainan has unique climatic resources. In winter, we can identify the purity of the seeds harvested in the same year in the field, monitor the seed quality in advance, and prevent inferior seeds from entering the market. Since 1995, the former Ministry of Agriculture has sent the seeds of hybrid rice, corn and cotton to Hainan for field identification every year. Huang Tingjun and others carry out seed field purity identification here every year to ensure that qualified seeds enter the market.

　　Nanfan has a history of over 60 years. According to Cheng Xiangwen, a maize breeder, in the 1950s, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences took the lead in sending personnel to Yaxian County (now Sanya) in Hainan Province to carry out rice and maize breeding, which opened the prelude to China’s southern breeding. In 1966, the former Ministry of Agriculture held a conference on maize parent breeding in Hainan, and then the number of units that propagated in Hainan increased rapidly. By the end of 1960s, 3,500 people from 21 provinces had propagated in Hainan, with an area of 82,000 mu.

　　Lin Jingshan, executive deputy director of Hainan Nanfan Administration, told the Economic Daily reporter that through Nanfan, China’s main crops have been updated six to seven times, and the yield increase of each variety update is above 10%. The data show that in the last 10 years, among the main crops, 1345 varieties approved by the state came from Nanfan, accounting for 86% of the total; Of the 12,599 varieties approved at the provincial level, 91% were bred from Nanfan. Nanfan has become an important base for applied research and basic research of crop breeding in China.

　　Seed industry talent cradle

　　"It’s difficult and annoying to be complicated in the south." This sentence, which once circulated in Nanfan base, tells the dilemma faced by researchers. In the final analysis, it is the lack of unified planning, the unstable land for scientific research and the inability to keep up with the living security, which has brought trouble to the management and service of Nanfan Base. Since then, with the continuous development of tourism resources and urban construction in Hainan, the contradiction between various construction land and Nanfan scientific research land has become more and more prominent.

　　In 2015, with the approval of the State Council, the National Nanfan Scientific and Research Breeding Base (Hainan) Construction Plan was officially issued, and the construction of Nanfan base rose to a national strategy in an all-round way. The "Planning" clearly defines 268,000 mu of scientific research and breeding protection areas, of which 53,000 mu is the core area, which is the "red line in the red line" and is permanently protected. With the implementation of the plan, the cause of Nanfan has entered a new stage of standardized development. According to statistics, at present, the scale of Nanfan base is about 200,000 mu, mainly distributed in six cities and counties such as Sanya, Lingshui and Ledong in Hainan Province.

　　In April this year, Liu Bo, a teacher of China Agricultural University in Hainan Nanfan Base, shuttled pollination among various corn plants. In December, 2012, Liu Bo came to Sanya for the first time to engage in the breeding of southern maize, and now he has got married locally, and his wife is a local, who is engaged in pollination of southern maize with him. From a member of National Maize Improvement Center of China Agricultural University to the head of Nanfan Base of China Agricultural University, he witnessed the development of Nanfan in recent years. "Today’s base has threshing ground and drying equipment, which can be remotely monitored and uploaded with scientific research data. The scientific research facilities of the base are complete and the conditions are greatly improved."

　　Li Gan ‘an, director of the Institute of Crop Genetics, Leshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan Province, has been mainly engaged in the southern propagation of rice in recent years. "It is possible to breed a new variety with more than 10,000 sample combinations, and a new variety has to undergo more than ten generations of breeding to stabilize. Breeding should bear loneliness. Every year, we come with hope. Although there are times when we fail, we will still fight again with hope in the coming year. " Li Gan ‘an has been engaged in rice breeding for 29 years, and has bred 9 new rice varieties, 6 new rice varieties with high yield and 7 new materials. Among them, the combination "Gangyou 188" has been the first in the production area of Sichuan rice varieties for three consecutive years.

　　There are many agricultural researchers like Liu Bo and Li Gan ‘an in Nanfan base. At present, there are more than 700 agricultural research institutes, colleges and universities, technology extension and seed industry institutions from 29 provinces across the country, and nearly 7,000 scientific and technological personnel are engaged in the work of South China. In the history of more than 60 years of south propagation, the total number of people who came to Hainan to engage in south propagation was nearly 600,000. They worked hard on this hot land and kept growing.

　　Scientific and technological achievements converter

　　"The standards for facilities in the province are set by us." Han Xiaoyan, deputy director of Nanfan Crop Protection Center of Sanya Nanfan Science and Technology Research Institute, said that in recent years, the institute has made great efforts in the local promotion and transformation of Nanfan achievements — — Screening high-quality grafted cucumber "Chiyu 505", the new high-quality glossy cucumber variety has been popularized in the whole city for more than 10,000 mu, and the economic benefit created by radiation has exceeded 100 million yuan.

　　It has been found that the local transformation rate of southern propagation achievements is gradually improving, which has promoted the development of local agricultural industrialization. At present, the coverage rate of rice varieties propagated in the south of Hainan Province is over 95%, and all winter melon and vegetable varieties basically come from the relevant units of the south propagation; In addition, projects such as rice town, Nanfan town and National Nanfan Museum have been initiated to cultivate new formats for the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries and promote the integration and development of Nanfan and tourism.

　　Ke Yongchun, dean of Sanya Nanfan Science and Technology Research Institute in Hainan, said that Hainan has been exploring ways to change the long-standing Nanfan model of "two heads are outside and the middle is in Qiong", and transform these resources on the spot to help Hainan’s agricultural development and increase farmers’ income. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of Nanfan, strengthen scientific research, production, life and management services around the national food security and the frontier of global seed industry innovation, plan to build a series of major projects such as China Nanfan Science and Technology City and Nanfan National Laboratory, and strive to build Nanfan Seed Industry "Silicon Valley".

　　In order to make the Plan not only promote scientific research and breeding, but also benefit Hainan, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs supports the combination of exploring the construction of the core area with the construction of Nanfan Town and the construction of leisure and sightseeing tourist areas. Hunan and Qiong provinces signed a memorandum of agricultural cooperation to cooperate in the construction of Nanfan base, betel nut and other advantageous industries; Shanghai Agriculture Committee and Lingshui County Government signed an agricultural cooperation agreement to promote the development of modern agriculture in Lingshui for mutual benefit and win-win.

　　Lin Jingshan said that the current breeding in the south has changed from the past generation breeding to scientific research and breeding, seed production and breeding, emergency seed production, purity identification and biological breeding research. In recent years, the area of southern breeding species has remained above 200,000 mu, which is more than five times that of scientific research and breeding. The annual rice seed production area of Nanfan Base is over 200,000 mu, and the annual seed production is about 45 million kilograms, which is equivalent to more than 20% of the national hybrid rice demand, and it plays an irreplaceable role in regulating seed supply.

　　(Reporter Qiao Jinliang)

Measures of Guangdong Provincial Price Bureau for the Administration of Motor Vehicle Parking Service Charges

Guangdong Price [2007] No.290

(Promulgated by Guangdong Provincial Price Bureau on December 18, 2007 with Guangdong Price [2007] No.290 and effective as of July 1, 2008)

　　Article 1 In order to strengthen the management of motor vehicle parking service charges in Guangdong Province, standardize the behavior of motor vehicle parking service charges, protect the legitimate rights and interests of car owners and motor vehicle parking service operators, and reasonably guide the parking demand, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Price Law and other relevant laws and regulations, combined with the actual situation in Guangdong Province.

　　Article 2 These Measures shall apply to all kinds of business activities that operate motor vehicle parking services and collect motor vehicle parking service fees within the administrative area of Guangdong Province.

　　Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that provide their own motor vehicle parking spaces to others through oral or written contracts, agreements, agreements, etc., and charge related fees, shall determine the charging standards according to the provisions of Article 5 of these Measures.

　　Article 3 The competent price department of the people’s government at or above the county level is the competent department of motor vehicle parking service charges, and is responsible for the management of motor vehicle parking service charges.

　　Article 4 Under the condition of ensuring smooth traffic and not affecting the public security environment, temporary free parking places are encouraged to be set up, and public welfare places are encouraged to provide free parking services.

　　Article 5 According to the following provisions, the charges for motor vehicle parking services shall be subject to market-regulated prices, government-guided prices and government-set prices respectively.

　　(a) indoor professional parking lot (except for the government’s full investment or participation in the construction) parking service charges are subject to market adjustment, and the charging standards are independently formulated by the parking lot operators according to law.

　　Indoor professional parking lot refers to a parking lot which is set in a building by an operator whose main business is to provide parking services, but is not matched with the building, has independent property rights, and all parking spaces are covered by a roof, and has the functions of sun protection and rain protection.

　　(2) Parking service charges for shopping malls, entertainment places, hotels, office buildings, logistics parks and professional markets, parking lots in residential areas and open-air parking lots located in suburban areas of cities shall be subject to government guidance prices. The operator shall determine the specific charging standard within the benchmark price and floating range set by the competent price department of the people’s government at or above the county level where the parking lot is located.

　　(3) Parking service charges for airports, railway stations, docks, tourist attractions, port supporting parking lots, bus hub stations and subway interchange stations, on-road manual parking lots and parking meters, indoor professional parking lots invested or built by the government, and open-air parking lots located in urban areas shall be subject to government pricing. The specific charging standard shall be formulated by the competent price department of the people’s government at or above the county level where the parking lot is located.

　　(IV) Motor vehicle parking service charges generated by motor vehicle being temporarily detained and towed to designated parking lots by public security traffic management departments due to traffic violations, accidents or breakdowns shall be subject to government pricing. The specific charging standard shall be formulated by the competent price department of the people’s government at or above the county level where the parking lot is located.

　　Sixth hospitals, schools, museums, libraries, youth palaces, cultural palaces, party and government organs, institutions and other internal parking lots, in principle, should provide free motor vehicle parking services. In order to reasonably adjust the utilization of parking service resources or make up for the normal service expenses, the specific charging standards shall be formulated by the competent price department of the local people’s government at or above the county level in accordance with the principle of reasonable compensation for unprofitable costs.

　　Article 7 The principles of reasonable compensation for operating costs, paying taxes according to law, and ensuring capital preservation and meager profits shall be followed in formulating the charging standards for motor vehicle parking services.

　　When formulating the charging standard for motor vehicle parking service, the competent pricing department of the government should comprehensively consider the factors such as the level of parking facilities, geographical location, service conditions, market supply and demand and social affordability, organize price hearings according to law, and solicit opinions from all walks of life.

　　Eighth in any of the following circumstances, free parking service fees:

　　(a) to enter the parking lot of residential areas for no more than 30-60 minutes, the specific time limit shall be determined by the competent price department of the people’s government at the prefecture level according to local conditions;

　　(2) entering the parking lot shared by office buildings, shopping malls, entertainment places, hotels and residential areas for no more than 30 minutes;

　　(3) entering airports, railway stations, docks, tourist attractions, office buildings, shopping malls, entertainment places, hotels, ports and other supporting parking lots, as well as other kinds of parking lots (excluding automatic parking facilities for meters and parking lots listed in items (1) and (2)) for less than 15 minutes;

　　(four) military vehicles, police cars, hospital ambulances and municipal engineering emergency vehicles.

　　Article 9 The charges for motor vehicle parking services shall be charged according to the following provisions, and the specific charging method shall be determined by the competent pricing department of the people’s government at the prefecture level or above.

　　(a) the parking service charges of motorcycles, cars, carts and super-large cars should be charged differently. Cars are all kinds of motor vehicles with a load of less than 2 tons (including 2 tons) or carrying less than 20 passengers (including 20 seats); The cart is a variety of motor vehicles with a load of more than 2 tons to 10 tons (including 10 tons) or carrying more than 20 passengers; Super large trucks are all kinds of trucks with a load of more than 10 tons.

　　(two) motor vehicle parking service fees can be charged by time, hour, day, month and year, and can also be charged progressively or progressively according to the relationship between supply and demand of parking spaces. If the billing unit is "days" (the starting and ending time is continuously accumulated for 24 hours as one day), the same vehicle can only be charged once a day for parking in and out of the same day.

　　(3) The service hours of motor vehicle parking can be divided into night, day and night, and the parking hours can also be divided into busy hours and non-busy hours according to the actual situation. Different charging standards can be implemented at different time periods.

　　Article 10 For the charging of motor vehicle parking services at government-guided and government-set prices, the operator shall obtain the charging certificate from the competent pricing department of the government, publicize it in a prominent position in the business premises, and accept social supervision.

　　Article 11 All kinds of operators providing motor vehicle parking services shall clearly mark the price according to the provisions of the competent pricing department of the government, and mark the parking service content, parking service fee charging basis, charging standard, charging method, free parking time limit and complaint telephone number with price tags in a prominent position at the entrance and exit of the parking service business premises.

　　The price tag of motor vehicle parking service charges shall be supervised by the competent price department of the people’s government at or above the county level in a unified format.

　　Article 12 All kinds of operators who provide motor vehicle parking services shall collect motor vehicle parking service fees, and pay taxes according to regulations by using the bills prescribed by the tax authorities.

　　Thirteenth government price departments should strengthen the supervision and inspection of motor vehicle parking service charges according to law.

　　All kinds of price violations, such as failure to implement government-guided prices, government pricing, failure to clearly mark prices, price fraud, etc., shall be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the Price Law, the Provisions on Administrative Penalties for Price Violations and other laws and regulations.

　　Article 14 The price department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall promptly correct the charges for motor vehicle parking services that have a strong social reaction and are obviously unreasonable; Where the competent price department of the local people’s government at or above the county level fails to correct in time, the competent price department of the people’s government at a higher level has the right to order it to correct, and informed criticism.

　　Fifteenth price departments of municipal governments at or above the local level may formulate specific management policies according to these measures and local conditions.

　　Sixteenth approach by the Guangdong Provincial Price Bureau is responsible for the interpretation of.

　　Seventeenth these Measures shall come into force as of July 1, 2008. The detailed rules for the implementation of the measures for the administration of motor vehicle parking fees in Guangdong Province, which came into effect on July 1, 2001, shall be abolished at the same time.

On June 18 th, the iPhone 16 series is already preparing to enter the mass production stage, and more and more accurate information has been released recently.

Blogger Majin Bu recently brought the size map of all four models of iPhone 16.

The specific data are as follows:

IPhone 16: height 147.63mm, width 71.62 and thickness 7.8;

IPhone 16 Plus: height 160.88mm, width 77.75mm and thickness 7.8;

IPhone 16 Pro: height 149.61mm, width 71.45mm and thickness 8.25;

IPhone 16 Pro Max: height 163.03mm, width 77.58mm and thickness 8.25.

For comparison, the iPhone 15 series data are as follows:

IPhone 15: height 147.6mm, width 71.6 and thickness 7.8;

IPhone 15 Plus: height 160.9mm, width 77.8mm and thickness 7.8;

IPhone 15 Pro: height 146mm, width 70.6mm and thickness 8.25;

IPhone 15 Pro Max: height 159.9mm, width 76.7mm and thickness 8.25.

It can be seen that iPhone 16 and iPhone 16 Plus basically maintain the size of the previous generation, but there are some minor measurement errors and rounding.

Compared with the previous generation, iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max have increased in size, especially in height.

This is mainly due to the upgrade of screen size, and because of the use of brand-new screen technology, the black edge of iPhone 16 Pro is only 1.203mm, and the iPhone 16 Pro Max is only 1.153mm, which has set a new record for the whole industry.

Thanks to this, after upgrading from 6.1/6.5 inches to 6.3/6.7 inches, the sizes of the two have only slightly changed. (Jianjia)

The online course fee for New Oriental online postgraduate entrance examination will generally be between 1,000 and 10,000 yuan. The courses offered by New Oriental Online are relatively rich, so the course prices are high and low.

According to the content of counseling, it can be divided into politics, mathematics, English and management; According to the class type, it can be divided into full class, through train, worry-free plan, one-on-one and so on. List some online postgraduate English courses in New Oriental for your reference:

1, 2024 postgraduate English through train

Price: 7590 yuan, 443 class hours, course features: teacher’s one-on-one Q&A+class teacher’s one-on-one guidance and supervision, through-train exclusive planning preparation rhythm, interpretation of key node questions for postgraduate entrance examination, and re-reading guarantee service.

2, 2024 postgraduate English class

Price: 1190 yuan, 443 class hours, course features: knowledge hall answering questions, giving internal handouts, class group communication, stage evaluation.

3, 2024 postgraduate entrance examination English one worry-free plan

Price: 12,800 yuan, 300 class hours, course features: small class teaching mode, one-on-one answering questions throughout the year, three-hour one-on-one course to break through difficulties, and re-reading guarantee services.

4, one-on-one postgraduate entrance examination

Price: 500 yuan per hour, free customization of class hours, course features: customized personalized plan, flexible time, private exclusive Q&A, finishing touch before the exam, and giving re-examination guidance.

In addition, you can also choose to report to multiple subjects, such as 2024 Postgraduate English+Political Joint Report through train class, the price is 9580 yuan, and 2024 Postgraduate English+Mathematics Joint Report through train class, the price is 10580 yuan. The more joint reports, the cheaper the final quotation will be. In addition, to catch up with some holiday activities, the price of English courses for New Oriental Postgraduate Entrance Examination will also have corresponding discounts. For example, in the recent Double Twelve preferential activities of New Oriental Online, you can enjoy a 16% discount for purchasing 24 postgraduate entrance examination courses. The date of the activities is from November 25th to November 30th. For details, you can visit "New Oriental Online" official website for consultation. Website: https://news.koolearn.com/kaopei/.

Home is a harbor that carries people’s dreams and happiness. No matter how technology develops, in the final analysis, she should be a better and more quality synonym for the appearance of home.

With the main consumers in the market changing from the post-80s to the more personalized post-90s and post-00s,Household productsField,consuming behaviorWith the change, the consumer groups are also accelerating the refinement, from once focusing on the use of men, women, children, adults, etc., to today’s maternal and child series, secondary series and many other sub-fields, especially the high-intensity life pressure brought by the acceleration of the industry, users are paying more attention to whether products and services can be improved.quality of life. In other words, people pay more attention to the value thinking of internal needs. And this kind ofMarket consumption patternThe change also determines that enterprises can only adapt to the changes in consumer behavior if they seek innovation and change.

In fact, people’s requirements for household appliances, including washing machines and refrigerators, have changed from meeting basic needs in the past to improving the quality of life today, including the comprehensive upgrade of basic performance, aesthetic pleasure, convenient use, healthy life and happiness index, which makes people’s homes more fashionable and warm.

Let the service have more digital application of "temperature"

In the era of digital and intelligent popularization, people basically spend more than half of their time dealing with digitalization every day, which makes life more convenient and faster and becomes an indispensable existence. For example, after the digitalization of home appliances, users can perceive the real effect of the whole scene in advance, and then buy when they feel satisfied after the experience, and enterprises can also accurately understand the preferences of users, so as to better link the needs of sellers and buyers.

Undoubtedly, digitalization can make life more warm. In the era of users’ home, enterprises need consumer consumption, so they must cater to the market, carry out digital transformation, and seek innovation and change. Haier Zhijia has grasped the bull’s nose of digital development many years ago and implemented a comprehensive digital transformation.

It is the central logic of Haier Zhijia’s digital transformation to improve users’ ideal experience. As Xu Meng, vice president of Haier Zhijia and general manager of China District, said, within Haier Zhijia, a chain group organization was built around users, and at the same time, with the support of business model, the reform of the whole system was realized, that is to say, the whole link of users was opened, and the whole process links such as contact, interaction, transaction, delivery and word-of-mouth were made visible on the platform. Of course, after the digital transformation of Haier Zhijia, it has well met the real-time needs of users, made Haier’s service more temperature, and won competitiveness for its own development.

On the road of digital transformation, Haier Zhijia focuses on efficiency first. Through the four digital reconstructions of objectives, organizations, mechanisms and processes, the whole process of all employees focuses on the transformation from "enterprise digitalization" to "digital enterprise". For example, in terms of business, they upgrade their business model from offline to online mainly through digitalization of six platforms: customers, users, products, services, marketing and logistics, which improves the user experience and repurchase rate.

Of course, in addition to the digital upgrade at the front-end client, Haier Zhijia mainly puts the supply chain, logistics, production and materials on one platform to quickly respond to market demand. At present, all nodes have improved their efficiency through the digital lean manufacturing platform, and the accuracy of time series planning has increased to 85%, the hourly output has increased by 9.3% year-on-year, and the logistics loading efficiency of order delivery has increased by 30%. At the same time, all designers and R&D personnel understand the needs of users, the market’s views on current products and future trends on the platform, and then develop a new SKU (inventory unit) which is more accurate and efficient.

It can be seen that, driven by the changes of the times and the transformation of consumption, the systematic logic of Haier Zhijia’s entire commercial circulation forces the enterprise’s business model to make subversive changes for users, from the previous business logic of ToB to all ecological and cooperative partners and channel providers to build a complete link of ideal whole-process experience around the needs of users. Haier Zhijia has accelerated into the user era.

Let a home realize a "differentiated" new experience around users.

For the home furnishing industry, how to seek change and innovation? In fact, the focus still needs to fall on the core factor of "users", so that users can feel the warmth of home and have a new sense of experience.

Nowadays, users have become the market leader, but there is a phenomenon: users don’t know exactly what they want or need, and many of their needs, such as the additional functions of household appliances in addition to their own basic functions, are actually created by the market.

From this point of view, the iterative upgrade of products should be ahead of consumers. That is to say, in the process of product research and development, enterprises need to pay more attention to the improvement of quality of life brought by products, rather than low-end products, under the premise of combining national policies and matching corresponding resources, and finally create differentiated products that users are willing to pay for. These products must be able to bring users life feelings and enjoyment that they did not have in the past.

For example, Haier Zhijia will show a casarte flat-embedded refrigerator on AWE this year, which can be beautifully embedded in the cupboard, beautiful and atmospheric, and also effectively saves the kitchen space. It really realizes the integration of home appliances and home improvement through the front of home appliances, which realizes the experience and feeling that the refrigerator did not bring in the past.

On the other hand, the consumer groups have become more personalized after 90 s and 00 s, and they have changed from the differences in the use of people who once paid attention to it to many sub-sectors such as maternal and child series and secondary series today, so the market needs to be re-laid.

For example, Haier Zhijia’s three-level brand strategy of "high-end brand, scene brand and ecological brand" has opened up a new track from products, scenes to ecology. It can be said that the strategic landing of Haier Zhijia’s third-class brand conforms to the trend of contemporary users’ consumption concept of "thousands of people". Xu Meng said that by arranging the brand matrix of super-high-end Fisher & Paykel, high-end casarte, Volkswagen Haier and Young leader, we can find suitable product solutions for different groups, better meet the consumption behavior of different groups and better adapt to the current consumption stratification.

After meeting the needs of different users, Haier Zhijia also has a deep insight into the new consumption concept of the Z generation youth in the family field. Compared with the former consumption concept of "I will buy whatever the enterprise produces", contemporary young people pay more attention to the phenomenon of solutions and lifestyles. It is often difficult to make their consumption land only by using products. At the same time, their consumption concept is just one stop at a time, and time is more important than money. Therefore, through the landing of the smart home scene brand, Haier Zhijia provides a new life with higher quality, convenience and wisdom, which is no longer a commodity, but a solution covering home improvement, home, home appliances and home life.

In addition to satisfying users and reassuring them, the distance between enterprises and users is also an important success or failure point in today’s market. However, Haier Zhijia has changed people looking for goods in the past into people looking for goods today. For example, offline casarte is entering the shopping mall in an all-round way, and it is not a traditional household appliance, but a scene experience of a high-end lifestyle jointly built with the ecological side, and such a "differentiated" smart life experience is constantly entering the families of millions of users.

When night falls, the lights are dim, and the sleep mode of smart home is quietly started. Curtains are automatically closed, the ambient temperature is automatically adjusted, the mattress senses the body posture, and the height and hardness of the pillow are automatically adjusted, so that the human body can get ideal comfort and support. The speaker on the bedside table will play soft music, which will make people fall asleep gradually. When the human body enters deep sleep, it automatically adjusts the volume to keep a quiet sleeping environment … This has been the daily life of Haier Zhijia users.

The effective implementation of Haier Zhijia’s "three-level brand strategy" has met the practical needs of users’ consumption behavior changes to a certain extent, which is a gospel for users. From this aspect, Haier Zhijia has always been guided by the needs of users, that is, "user-centered" strategic layout, promoting enterprise reform and improving the quality of users’ consumption every time.

Today, people’s home life is moving towards wisdom; What will it be like tomorrow? Perhaps, as Xu Meng said, it is to provide users with clothing, food, shelter, entertainment and smart life scenes, and feel the happiness of thousands of people!

In the era of smart life, how can innovative technology empower space? How can user needs be realized? How does the smart lifestyle continue to evolve? Haier Zhijia follows the needs of users with innovation, accurately grasps the industry trend and has insight into the next decade. At 18: 30 on April 27th, Haier Zhijia once again joined hands with AWE to start a smart life and look to the future-Haier Zhijia X36 "See 2033" joint theme live broadcast, inviting thousands of users to enter Haier Smart Life Experience Field together, so stay tuned!

(promotion)