[Editor’s Note] Although patent standardization can promote innovation, improve efficiency, reduce consumers’ adaptation costs and eliminate international trade barriers, it also greatly enhances the position of standardization organization participants in patent licensing negotiations, leading them to demand unfair, unreasonable and discriminatory patent licensing fees from standard users, namely patent licensees. Therefore, the patent system needs to fully consider the connection with the standard, and further improve the patent system related to the standard, especially the patent licensing fee system. This paper analyzes the system related to the standard-related essential patent in combination with the legal application of the US court and the China court in the cases of Microsoft v. Motorola and Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company respectively.

　　I. Introduction

　　There is no unified and clear definition of Standards-Essential Patents, SEP) [1]. We believe that if the implementation of technical standards must be based on infringement of patent rights, even if there are other technologies that can be included in the standards, the patent is a necessary patent for relevant technical standards. Standard refers to a normative document that is formulated by consensus and approved by recognized institutions, used together and reused in order to obtain the best order in a certain range [2]. Although patent standardization can promote innovation, improve efficiency, reduce consumers’ adaptation costs and eliminate international trade barriers, it also greatly enhances the position of standardization organization participants in patent licensing negotiations, leading them to demand unfair, unreasonable and discriminatory patent licensing fees from standard users, namely patent licensees.

　　In order to seek a balance between technical standardization for public use and patent protection, ISO in its relevant intellectual property policies not only requires standard participants to disclose the patents they own or actually control to ISO in time, but also requires them to promise to license all standard implementers to use their patents on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms. This is the "FRAND" principle that the patentee of standard essential patent must abide by in the licensing of standard essential patent.

　　Take the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI) as an example, the 4th.1 of its intellectual property policy stipulates: "During the development of the standards or technical regulations in which it participates, every member shall make reasonable efforts to inform ETSI of its necessary intellectual property rights in time. In particular, members who put forward technical suggestions for standards or technical specifications should draw ETSI’s attention in good faith to any intellectual property rights that may become necessary if their suggestions are adopted. " ETSI’s intellectual property policy 6.1 further stipulates: "If the necessary intellectual property rights related to a specific standard or technical specification have attracted ETSI’s attention, ETSI’s director-general shall immediately require the necessary intellectual property owner to make a written commitment within three months, and at least within the following scope, it is ready to grant an irrevocable use license under fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory conditions; Manufacturing, non-manufacturing or OEM are used to manufacture customized components or subsystems that meet the licensee’s own design standards; Sell, lease or otherwise dispose of the equipment manufactured in the above manner; Maintenance, use or operation of the above equipment; How to use it. "

　　However, the standardization organization has not made any provisions or expressed any opinions on how to judge the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard, which leads to difficulties. In April, 2013 and October, 2013, the US court and the China court respectively expressed their opinions on how to judge the FRAND standard essential patent license fee in the cases of Microsoft v. Motorola and Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company. However, due to the differences in the cultural background and legal accumulation of the judges of the two countries, the judgments of the two countries have their own characteristics and show great differences. [3] Based on the judgments of the above two cases, this paper makes a comparative study on several issues related to the calculation of essential patent royalties of FRAND standard, and draws some possible beneficial conclusions on this basis.

　　Second, the FRAND standard essential patent related system policy considerations

　　In the case of Huawei v. Interactive Digital Corporation of America, in order to evaluate the standard necessary patent license fees in line with the FRAND principle, the courts of first and second instance mainly considered the following three policy factors: total control, anti-patent hijacking and anti-patent license fee stacking. The first is total control, which means that the license fee of standard essential patent cannot exceed a certain proportion of the product profit of standard essential patent users. The courts of first and second instance of Huawei case held that technology, investment, management and labor jointly created product profits, and patented technology only created one factor of product profits. Therefore, the license fee required by the patentee should not exceed the total profit of users’ products in any case, otherwise, the license fee cannot be considered as conforming to the FRAND principle. The second is anti-patent hijacking. Patent hijacking refers to the ability of the patentee to claim more than the value of the patented technology itself and the ability to try to grab the value of the technical standard or regulation itself. In the judgment of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company, the courts of first instance and second instance did not explicitly use the concept of "anti-patent hijacking", but both courts held that the patentee of standard necessity should not profit from the standard itself, and its contribution lies in innovative technology rather than the standardization of its patent. That is to say, the two courts actually think that the necessary patent license fee should prevent the occurrence of patent hijacking. The third is Anti-Royalty Stacking.Stacking of patent license fees refers to the phenomenon that the licensee pays many different standard essential patentees over the license fees for one standard. Huawei’s courts of first and second instance both hold that a standard or technical specification contains many standard essential patents, and any standard essential patentee can only get the license fee due to him.

　　Different from the judgment of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company, the judge of Microsoft v. Motorola clearly used the concepts of anti-patent hijacking and anti-patent license fee stacking in addition to the above three policies, and also considered the following two policy factors. First, the necessary patent licensing fees of FRAND standards should be maintained at a level that can promote the wide adoption of standards, which is also the main purpose of ISO [4]. Second, the method of determining the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard should ensure that valuable patents can get reasonable royalties in order to establish truly valuable standards, which is also one of the goals of ISO [5].

　　Comparatively speaking, the judge in the case of Microsoft v. Motorola has considered the policy factors involved in the calculation of FRAND standard essential patent license fees more comprehensively, which is conducive to better balancing the interests of standard essential patentees, standard users and social public interests. In this regard, as stated in the judgment of Microsoft case, if the standard essential patent license fee is too high, although not using ISO standards may mean huge market entry barriers for market participants, if the standard essential patent license fee is higher than the cost for market participants to overcome market entry barriers, market participants will choose not to adopt ISO standards, which is very unfavorable for the popularization and application of standards. On the other hand, the creation of valuable standards is of great benefit to the whole society, but valuable standards depend on valuable technology. After the valuable technology is included in the standard, the patentee will lose the basic incentive to participate in the standardization organization if he can’t get reasonable and sufficient royalties, or even get less royalties than before being included in the standard. Of course, there are many necessary patents in a standard, but the technical content and contribution rate of each patent cannot be completely consistent. How to ensure that patents with more technical content and greater contribution to the standard get more royalties is also a problem that FRAND principle must consider. It is a great pity that the policy considerations in the first and second judgments of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company failed to involve the above two extremely important factors.

　　Most importantly, when determining the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard, the first-instance and second-instance judgments of Huawei v. American Interactive Digital Company considered the above three policy factors, but they were limited to general analysis, and this general analysis was not further applied to the specific analysis of the case. For example, the judgments in the first and second instance of Huawei case did not examine how many standard essential patents existed in WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and other standards involved, how many of these standard essential patents belonged to China standard essential patents, how many of these standard essential patents belonged to American Interactive Digital Company, and what specific standards were involved in the China standard essential patents of Interactive Digital Company. The judgments in the first and second instance of Huawei case also failed to examine the contribution of China standard essential patents of American Interactive Digital Company to relevant specific standards, which products of Huawei used these China standard essential patents of American Interactive Digital Company, and what contribution these standard essential patents of American Interactive Digital Company made to Huawei products. Although it is difficult to investigate and analyze these factors, the courts of first and second instance of Huawei case have to face them because these factors are closely related to whether the patent license fee demanded by American Interactive Digital Company constitutes patent hijacking and patent royalty stacking.

　　Different from Huawei’s first-instance and second-instance judgments, Microsoft’s judgment solved the above problems as much as possible despite great difficulties. The Microsoft case first determined that Motorola had the necessary patents in H.264 and 802.11 standards. In order to establish the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard related to H.264 standard, the Microsoft case first analyzes the development background and technical context of H.264 standard, including the development time of the standard, the technical characteristics and level of the standard itself, patents related to the standard, and Motorola’s contribution in the development and establishment of the standard. Secondly, the contribution of Motorola patent to H.264 standard is analyzed. The Microsoft case first identified six patent families that Motorola is necessary for H.264 standard, and then analyzed the contribution of each patent family to H.264 in detail. Thirdly, the Microsoft case judgment analyzes the contribution of Motorola patents to Microsoft products. The Microsoft case first determines that Microsoft’s products using H.264 include Windows, Xbox, Silverlight, Zune, Lync and Skype, and then reviews the contribution of each patent family of Motorola to each of the above products.

　　In order to establish the license fee of FRAND standard essential patents related to the 802.11 standard, the Microsoft case first examines the development history of the standard, and then reviews the relative technical value of different parts of the 802.11 standard, covering the number of all patents of the 802.11 standard, the number of Motorola patents in the 802.11 standard, the number (11) of Microsoft’s use of Motorola 802.11 standard essential patents and products, and the impact of Motorola’s 11 standard essential patents on 8001.

　　Third, the economic analysis of FRAND standard essential patent related system

　　Next, the specific method of calculating the standard necessary patent license fee is analyzed. In the case of Huawei v. Interactive Digital Corporation of America, neither Huawei as plaintiff nor Interactive Digital Corporation of America as defendant put forward a specific method to calculate the standard and necessary patent license fee in accordance with the FRAND principle. The calculation method adopted in the judgments of first instance and second instance is the comparison method. The so-called comparison method, according to the understanding of the court of second instance of Huawei case, means that the standard essential patent holder should charge the standard essential patent implementer basically the same license fee or adopt basically the same license fee under the condition of basically the same transaction conditions. Under basically the same trading conditions, if the standard essential patentee gives a licensee a lower license fee and gives another licensee a higher license fee, by comparison, the latter has reason to think that it has been discriminated against, so the standard essential patentee violates the promise of non-discriminatory use license. In order to carry out the above comparison method, the first and second judgments of Huawei case selected the standard essential patent license fee granted by American Interactive Digital Company to Apple as the reference object, and therefore determined that the standard essential patent license fee granted by American Interactive Digital Company to Huawei should be roughly the same as that granted to Apple.

　　The so-called choice of the standard necessary patent license fee given by Interactive Digital Company to Apple in the first and second judgments of Huawei case is mainly based on the following two aspects of evidence: First, a statistical and analytical report by the world-renowned analysis company STRATEGY ANALYTICS Inc In this report, STRATEGY ANALYTICS Inc counts and analyzes the shipments, market share, net sales and operating income of several famous global mobile phone providers from 2007 to 2012. Nokia, Samsung, Apple, LG Electronics, RIM, Motorola, HTC and Sony are all on its analysis list, but Huawei is not on its analysis list. According to the analysis report and forecast, Apple’s sales from 2007 to 2012 were about $300 billion, and Samsung’s net sales were about $209.751 billion. Second, in the third quarter of 2007, Interactive Digital signed a global, non-transferable, non-exclusive patent licensing agreement with a fixed license fee with a license period of seven years from June 29th, 2007. The licensed patent portfolio covers the then IPHONE and some future mobile phone technologies. In 2009, Interactive Digital signed a patent licensing agreement with Samsung and its subsidiaries.Grant Samsung a non-exclusive fixed patent license fee for terminal equipment and infrastructure under 2G and 3G standards worldwide, with the license period ending in 2012. However, the difference between the licensing agreement signed by American Interactive Digital Company and Samsung Company and the licensing agreement signed with Apple Company is that the former is a voluntary licensing agreement reached through equal consultation, while the latter is a licensing agreement that Samsung Company was forced to sign when American Interactive Digital Company filed a lawsuit. The meaning of the first-instance and second-instance judgments in Huawei case is very obvious. That is to say, the license granted by American Interactive Digital Company to Apple is voluntary, so it conforms to the FRAND principle, while the license granted to Samsung is very likely involuntary, so it does not conform to the FRAND principle. Therefore, the license fee of the former can only be used as a reference for the calculation of the necessary patent license fee of the FRAND standard in this case.

　　Although the comparison method is a simple and easy method, it is very necessary to list all the elements of the compared object as much as possible in order to obtain a more reliable comparison conclusion. It is a great pity that although the judgments of the first and second instance of Huawei case put forward the premise of "roughly the same trading conditions", they did not tell people what the "trading conditions" referred to here are and what the "trading conditions are the same" referred to here from the perspectives of evidence and legal reasons. By comparison, the court finally determined that American Interactive Digital Company should pay Huawei the China standard necessary patent license fee. The only possible evidence is that from 2007 to 2012, Apple’s net sales exceeded Huawei’s net sales of mobile phones. However, even so, the standard necessary patent license fee that American Interactive Digital Company hopes to obtain from Huawei in its last offer is calculated according to the sales of Huawei’s final mobile phone products, and the term is from 2009 to 2016. In this way, in order to make a scientific comparison, the courts of first and second instance of Huawei case should at least investigate and estimate Huawei’s net sales from 2009 to 2016, or the net sales from 2007 to 2012 in the same period as Apple. Regrettably, the judgments in the first and second instance of Huawei case did not touch on this issue. Under the condition that the minor premise of comparison and reasoning has not been solved, it is debatable whether the comparison conclusion is scientific or not. Besides,When the courts of first and second instance of Huawei case used the standard necessary patent license fee given to Apple by American Interactive Digital Company as a reference, they did not examine whether the license fee was in line with the core value pursued by FRAND, that is, to promote the entry of valuable technologies and the standard itself was widely adopted. If the answer is no, whether the judgment conclusion obtained by comparison can stand is also a question worthy of further consideration.

　　In the case of Microsoft v Motorola, Microsoft, as plaintiff, and Motorola, as defendant, respectively put forward their own methods to calculate the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard. The method proposed by Microsoft is "Incremental value approach". This method pays attention to the situation before the standard is adopted and implemented. The specific operation method is: in order to calculate the economic value of the patented technology included in the standard, we can compare other alternative technologies that can be included in the standard and calculate the specific value of the alternative technology, so as to obtain the value of the patented technology necessary for the standard. The Microsoft case court did not adopt this method proposed by Microsoft. The reason of the court is that this method is not practical. Even so, the Microsoft case court still held that the FRAND royalty must evaluate the value of the patented technology itself, which needs to consider the importance and contribution of the patent to the standard, so comparing the value of the patented technology with the alternative technology that can be included in the standard by the standardization organization can be used as a reference when determining the FRAND royalty. The method proposed by Motorola is a hypothetical bilateral negotiation method. Motorola claims that the authorization conditions of FRAND can be determined by simulating hypothetical bilateral negotiation under the obligation of FRAND authorization.

　　In principle, the Microsoft case adopts the hypothetical bilateral negotiation method, but it has been revised. The reason why the judgment in Microsoft case supports this method is mainly based on the following reasons: the hypothetical negotiation method is supported by authorized negotiation in the real world, and previous courts have made judgments by using this method. In the case of Georgia-Pacific Corp. V. United States Plywood Corp., (318 F. Supp. 1116 (1970)), the court simulated hypothetical bilateral negotiations to determine reasonable royalties through 15 analytical factors, and gained rich experience. When the court simulates a hypothetical bilateral agreement under the obligation of FRAND authorization, it should logically come to the standard necessary patent royalties that both parties consider to be FRAND.

　　However, the Microsoft case judgment did not simply copy the 15-factor analysis method proposed by Georgia-Pacifico judgment. The reasons include: First, the standard necessary patentee must grant the patent under the FRAND authorization conditions, while the patentee who has not assumed the same obligation has complete exclusive rights and can choose not to grant the patent. Second, hypothetical negotiation will hardly take place in a vacuum, and standard users will inevitably realize that there are many different essential patentees and their standard essential patents in the standard. Just because they are authorized by a single standard essential patentee does not mean that the standard can be implemented. On the basis of criticizing and absorbing the above two methods put forward by the original defendant, and on the basis of Georgia-Pacific15 analysis factors, the Microsoft case judgment puts forward a revised hypothetical negotiation method. At the same time, on the issue of patent hijacking, the negotiating parties will investigate the reasonable royalty ratio of FRAND authorization commitment according to the contribution of patent technology to standard technical capability and the contribution of standard technical capability to standard users and products using standards. In this way, an essential patent that is extremely important and key to the standard can reasonably require a higher royalty ratio than a less important essential patent. As for the stack of patent fees, the negotiating parties will consider the existence of other standard essential patentees, and each standard essential patentee will claim the patent fee according to the importance of its patent to the standard and the product of the standard implementer, and reach the royalty ratio on this basis. Finally,Under the condition of FRAND commitment, the rational negotiation parties seeking a reasonable royalty ratio will consider the fact that in order to promote the creation of valuable standards, FRAND authorization commitment must ensure that the owner of valuable intellectual property rights obtains a reasonable royalty for the intellectual property rights. Comparatively speaking, Huawei’s judgment basically failed to consider the above analysis factors because it used a relatively simple comparison method, and the rationality of its judgment should be said to have room for further improvement.

　　Four, the FRAND standard necessary patent license fee calculation.

　　So, how exactly to calculate the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard? As mentioned above, the judgment of Huawei case simply obtained the necessary patent license fee of FRAND China standard that American Interactive Digital Company can claim from Huawei by comparison method, and did not see the specific calculation process and the logical process in the calculation process, so there is not much to be discussed in depth. Based on the judgment of Microsoft case, this part analyzes the specific calculation of the necessary patent license fee of FRAND standard.

　　During the trial of Microsoft case, both Microsoft and Motorola put forward their own calculation methods that can be used as the ratio comparison of FRAND royalties. The calculation method put forward by Motorola is that 2.25% of the net sales price of Microsoft’s products with Motorola’s standard essential patents, Windows and Xbox, should be used as the royalty ratio of Microsoft’s authorization to use the patent portfolio with H.264 and 802.11 standards. In order to support its claim, Motorola cited one of the above analysis factors in Georgia-Pacific case, and put forward three sets of existing patent licensing agreements as established royalties for reference. However, the judgment of Microsoft case did not adopt the comparison method proposed by Motorola, and thought that the authorization agreement proposed by Motorola had no reference value for the FRAND royalty ratio of this case. The reason is that the license agreement proposed by Motorola is a litigation settlement agreement, and the actual royalty paid in some license agreements is far less than the amount requested in this case. The value proportion of standard essential patents in some license agreements cannot be distinguished, and the standard essential patents involved in some license agreements have passed the protection period. At the same time, the Microsoft judgment holds that even if Motorola’s above-mentioned royalty ratio for calculating its standard essential patents is correct, Motorola’s royalty required for its 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio will obviously cause concern about royalty stacking. Accordingly, the Microsoft case decided that,Motorola’s 2.25% royalty rate related to H.264 and 802.11 standards does not conform to the FRAND principle.

　　The comparison objects proposed by Microsoft include the practical operation methods of two patent pools, one is MPEG LA H.264 patent pool, and the other is Via Licensing 802.11 patent pool, as well as an authorization agreement and a patent authorization evaluation suggestion. Regarding whether the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 can be used as a reference for the necessary patent royalty ratio of the FRAND standard in this case, the Microsoft judgment gave a positive answer. The reason for the decision in Microsoft case is that FRAND royalties should be in line with the purpose of promoting the widespread adoption of SSOs standards and attracting a wide range of patentees to put their patents into the patent pool, and MPEG LA H.264 patent pool can just achieve the purpose of SSOs. The evidence in this case shows that, on the one hand, when Microsoft, Motorola and other enterprises created the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, the royalty ratio set was high enough to attract a considerable number of patentees to put their patents into the patent pool; on the other hand, the royalty ratio set was low enough to ensure that enough standard users were willing to use the patented technology in the H.264 standard instead of alternative technology. This approach coincides with the basic principles of FRAND’s authorization commitment. In addition, the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 also echoes another basic principle of FRAND’s authorization commitment, that is, to create valuable standard technologies.

　　Then, how did the Microsoft case judge calculate the necessary patent fees of FRAND standard related to H.264 standard that Motorola should obtain? According to the Microsoft case, Motorola’s royalty from the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 includes two parts. Part of it is the appropriate royalty that should be allocated according to the number of patents from the royalties obtained from the patent pool as a member of the patent pool. The other part is the value of Motorola’s unrestricted access to a large number of technologies contained in the patent pool, that is, the royalties that should be obtained from the unrestricted internal cross-licensing of patent pool members, or the identity value of Motorola as a member of the patent pool. Regarding the former part of the royalties, the Microsoft case decided that according to the total amount of royalties obtained from the external license of the MPEG LA H.264 patent pool and the number of standard necessary patents of Motorola in the patent pool, the royalties that Motorola should receive were 0.185 cents for each product of Microsoft. Regarding the latter part of the royalties, that is, the identity value of Motorola as a member of the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, the only relevant evidence in this case is that after Microsoft joined the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, the fees paid to the patent pool were twice as much as the royalties obtained from the patent pool, which shows that the reason why Microsoft joined the patent pool is that it pays more attention to its identity as a member of the patent pool than the royalties that can be obtained from the patent pool. Because of this identity,Microsoft can clear all the obstacles of rights and use the patented technology in the patent pool without restriction. In other words, Microsoft believes that the membership of the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264 is at least equivalent to twice the value of its royalties. On this basis, the judgment in the Microsoft case presumes that, in the absence of other obvious evidence, like Microsoft, Google, the parent company of Motorola, also thinks that its membership in the MPEG LA H.264 patent pool is equivalent to providing it with twice the value of the royalties it should get as a licensor. The judgment in the Microsoft case further infers that the sum of the two royalties (0.185+2×0.185) is 0.555 cents, which is the FRAND royalty that Motorola should get from Microsoft for every product that uses Motorola’s standard essential patent. However, this is only the lower limit of FRAND royalty ratio of Motorola’s H.264 standard essential patent portfolio. According to the Microsoft case, in order to prevent the stack of royalties, the upper limit of FRAND royalties must also be calculated. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of all kinds of evidence, the upper limit of Motorola H.264 standard essential patent portfolio rights calculated by Microsoft case is $0.16389 per single product, which is applicable to Microsoft’s Windows and Xbox products.

　　With regard to the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11, although the judgment in Microsoft case noted that it, like the patent pool of MPEG LA H.264, did not distinguish the technical value of patents in the patent pool, but distributed the royalties equally, which led to its failure to attract patentees and standard implementers, and failed to encourage the wide adoption of the standard of Via Licensing 802.11, because of its certain characteristics, the judgment in Microsoft case held that it could still be used as a reference for FRAND royalty ratio. For example, the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11 mainly focuses on specific standards and covers the same products with the same end use as the disputed products in this case. In addition, the evidence shows that although the actual operation of the patent pool failed to achieve the purpose of promoting the wide adoption of standards, its establishment still followed this purpose, so the royalty ratio it established can still be used to show what kind of royalty ratio is in line with the FRAND principle in specific industrial activities. On this basis, the Microsoft case decided that the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11 can be used as a reference for the FRAND royalties of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio. Based on the same reasoning as the H.264 patent pool, the Microsoft case decided that if Motorola participates in the Via Licensing 802.11 patent pool, it can obtain other value equivalent to twice the royalties collected through the patent pool.

　　The judgment of Microsoft case holds that the parties to hypothetical negotiation will regard the patent pool of Via Licensing 802.11 as a reference for the necessary patent royalties of the 802.11 standard, and determine the FRAND royalties on this basis. In the Microsoft case, Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent has only a small technical value to the 802.11 standard, so in their hypothetical negotiation, Microsoft and Motorola will think that the royalty ratio of 6.114 cents per single product estimated according to the patent pool practice will be higher than the FRAND royalty ratio that Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio should receive.

　　During the trial, Microsoft proposed that the royalty rate paid by Marvell Semiconductor,Inc, a third-party company, for its patents in Wi-Fi chip products could be used as a reference for the FRAND royalty rate of the 802.11 standard essential patents in this case. The judgment of Microsoft case holds that the royalty ratio of the third-party company provides "the usual royalty ratio that can be obtained in a specific commercial field" for this case. Therefore, it is held that 1% of the price of each single chip implementing the 802.11 standard, that is, 3 to 4 cents per single chip, can be used as a reference for the royalty ratio of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio.

　　The third reference to the FRAND royalty ratio of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio determined by the Microsoft case judgment is a patent authorization evaluation model developed by Intercap, Inc. in 2003. The Microsoft case decided that the evaluation method of InterCap,Inc conforms to the basic principle of FRAND authorization commitment, because it considers the value of 802.11 standard technical function to the overall product function and the stacking of royalties, so it can be used as a reference for the appropriate FRAND royalty ratio of 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio. However, the judgment of Microsoft case also holds that the evaluation method of InterCap,Inc exaggerates the importance of Motorola’s standard essential patents to the 802.11 standard, so its appropriateness is impaired. In the hypothetical negotiation between Microsoft and Motorola, although the royalty assessed by InterCap,Inc will be used as a reference for FRAND royalty, the royalty ratio will be adjusted to 0.8 to 1.6 cents per single product.

　　According to the above analysis, the judgment of Microsoft case holds that in order to estimate the FRAND royalty ratio, it is reasonable for both parties to hypothetical negotiation to take the average of the above three reference values as the royalty ratio. The specific algorithm is to average the lowest value evaluated by InterCap,Inc at 0.8, and the royalty ratio authorized by Marvel Wi-Fi chips is averaged at the average value within its range of ((3+4)/2)3.5. On this basis, the average value of the three references is calculated to be 3.471 cents ((0.8+3.5+6.114)/3), which is the FRAND royalty ratio reached by Microsoft and Motorola through hypothetical negotiation.

　　Considering the stacking of royalties, the Microsoft case decided to adjust the royalty ratio to 19.5 cents per single product based on the high royalty ratio estimated by Microsoft expert witnesses based on the structure of patent pool Via Licensing 802.11, and take it as the upper limit of the FRAND grant range of Motorola 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio. As for the lower limit of the scope of FRAND grant for Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent portfolio, the Microsoft case further holds that the lower limit should be the lowest value of standard essential patent that the standard essential patentee will agree to accept after considering the importance of its related patents to the 802.11 standard and standard user products. Considering the limited evidence in this case, the court found that 0.8 US dollars per single product is the lower limit of FRAND royalty.

　　To sum up, the FRAND royalty rate set in the Microsoft case judgment is: the FRAND royalty rate of Motorola’s H.264 standard essential patent is 0.555 cents per single product, and the upper limit of the FRAND royalty rate range is 16.389 cents per single product, and the lower limit is 0.555 cents. This royalty ratio and scope apply to Microsoft’s Window and Xbox products, and other Microsoft products using H.264 standard apply to the lower royalty ratio of 0.555 cents. The FRAND royalty rate of Motorola’s 802.11 standard essential patent is 3.471 cents per single product, and the upper limit of the FRAND royalty rate range is 19.5 cents per single product, and the lower limit is 0.8 cents per single product. The royalty rate and scope are applicable to Microsoft’s Xbox products, and other Microsoft products using the 802.11 standard are subject to the lower royalty rate of 0.8 cents. (Peking University International Intellectual Property Research Center Li Yang Liu Ying)

　This article only represents the opinions of experts in the research base and may not be reproduced without permission.

　

　　[Notes]

　　[1] The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines it as "any patent or patent application that may completely or partially cover the draft standard". The American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) interprets it as the so-called "necessary patent requirements" refers to the patent claims that will be used when implementing the standard clauses (whether mandatory or optional) of a draft standard.

　　[2] Electronic Intellectual Property Editorial Department. 2012 Electronic Intellectual Property Annual News Inventory International Articles [J]. Electronic Intellectual Property. 2013 (issue 1.2).

　　[3] The approximate case of Microsoft case is as follows: On October 21 and 29, 2010, Motorola informed Microsoft in writing that the licensing conditions of its 802.11 standard essential patent and H.264 standard essential patent were 2.25% of the final product price of Microsoft. In November, 2010, Microsoft took the initiative to file a lawsuit with the Federal District Court for the Western District of Washington on the grounds that Motorola’s licensing offer violated its RAND authorization commitment to standardization organizations IEEE and ITU.

　　The general case of Huawei is as follows: Huawei and American IDC are both members of the European Telecommunications Standardization Organization (ETSI). American IDC claims that it has many standard essential patents in the fields of 2G, 3G, 4G and IEEE802. Huawei acknowledges that these necessary patents of IDC have been incorporated into China wireless communication standards, and its products must meet these standards. From September 2008 to August 2012, IDC sent four written authorization offers to Huawei. In the first and second written offers, IDC hopes to obtain royalties from Huawei from 2009 to 2016, which is equivalent to 100 times that of Apple in the United States and 10 times that of Samsung in South Korea in the same period. In the third written offer, IDC hopes to get 35 times as much royalties from Huawei as IDC gave to Apple in the same period. In the fourth written offer, IDC hopes to get royalties from Huawei, which is equivalent to 19 times that of IDC to Apple in the same period. In these four offers, IDC did not make any distinction between standard essential patents and non-standard essential patents. In the fourth offer, IDC made it clear that rejecting any specific terms of the offer meant rejecting the whole offer. In order to force Huawei to accept its offer authorization conditions, in July and September 2011, IDC filed a complaint and prosecution with the US International Trade Commission and the US District Court Delaware respectively, accusing Huawei’s communication products of infringing its patent rights and demanding a ban.It is forbidden to import and sell Huawei products into the United States. In addition, the analysis report provided by Huawei by STRATEGY ANALYTICS, a famous American data survey and analysis company, shows that the company has analyzed the shipments, market share and net sales of the world’s top mobile phone companies from 2007 to 2012. Nokia, Samsung, Apple, LG, RIM, Motorola, HTC and Sony are on its analysis list, but Huawei has not been able to enter the analysis list. Accordingly, Huawei filed a lawsuit in the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court in December 2011, accusing IDC of violating the FRAND principle in its four offers, and demanding that IDC grant it the necessary patent license in accordance with the FRAND principle.

　　[4] See Microsoft Corp. V Motorola Inc,No.C10-1823JLR.ORDER-20.

　　[5] See Microsoft Corp. V Motorola Inc,No.C10-1823JLR.ORDER-24.

　　Xiaoliantuan

　　Fan xingming

　　Chen Yong

　　Ma Jie

　　(The above photos are provided by the respondents.)

　　Source: Ministry of Science and Technology, National Bureau of Statistics.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the symposium of scientists: "I hope that scientists and scientific and technological workers will shoulder the historical responsibility, persist in facing the world’s scientific and technological frontier, the main battlefield of the economy, the major needs of the country, and people’s lives and health, and constantly March into the breadth and depth of science and technology."

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, scientists and scientific and technological workers who are deeply patriotic and determined to serve the country have devoted themselves to tackling key scientific and technological problems and achieved a series of significant scientific and technological achievements. They play a vital role in the journey of striving to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. In 2023, 57 outstanding experts were invited by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to participate in vacation activities. With rich experience and profound thinking, they collided with ideological sparks and aroused their enthusiasm for struggle. They embody the scientist spirit of patriotism, innovation, truth-seeking, dedication, cooperation and education. The reporter interviewed four of them and listened to their struggle story &hellip, which persisted in the "Four Orientations" and made unremitting progress in the breadth and depth of science and technology. …

　　— — Editor

　　Optional — —

　　"Do organized scientific research and useful scientific research"

　　A ruler, the minimum scale is usually 1 mm. If this short length is divided into 1 million parts, one of them is 1 nanometer. What kind of "ruler" is needed to achieve precise measurement on this order of magnitude that cannot be observed by the naked eye and unimaginable by intuition? It is one of the research focuses of Xiao Liantuan and his team to obtain information that is difficult to capture by classical methods through quantum precision measurement technology.

　　Xiao Liantuan is the vice president of Taiyuan University of Technology and the director of the Institute of Laser Spectroscopy of Shanxi University. In 2014, the "Quantum Effect Team of the Interaction between Light and Matter" was approved as the innovation team of the Ministry of Education. As the academic leader of the team, Xiao Liantuan gathered a group of scientific research talents with multiple professional backgrounds such as optics, atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics. At the beginning of the team’s establishment, the team made clear its goals, supported free exploration, and strived to serve the realistic needs of the country and society with scientific research results. In Xiao Liantuan’s words, it means "doing organized scientific research and useful scientific research".

　　Quantum precision measurement, though profound, is not far from our production and life. For example, the new quantum coherent spectrum detection technology invented by Xiao Liantuan’s team provides a strong technical foundation for single molecule optics, high-sensitivity detection of microwave electric field, single tube imaging and other applications. Taking the intracellular oxygen concentration sensing as an example, we can measure the intracellular oxygen concentration in submicron scale with high resolution and high sensitivity through single molecule quantum coherence technology, which provides an effective technical means for the future tumor diagnosis and treatment.

　　The more frontier areas, the less experience we can learn from. How can a scientific research team continue to maintain its innovative ability and constantly overcome difficulties? Xiao Liantuan believes: "We need to have the spirit of being the first and innovating independently, but also be good at rallying the strength of the team and gathering wisdom to tackle key problems."

　　In 2020, the team realized the prototype of Rydberg atomic microwave superheterodyne receiver for the first time in the world. The measurement sensitivity of microwave electric field strength was 1000 times better than the previous international best level, which greatly improved the sensitivity of microwave detection. "This achievement is hard-won." Qin Chengbing, who joined the team in 2013 and is now a professor at the Institute of Laser Spectroscopy of Shanxi University, said, "It took us more than two years to carry out theoretical demonstration. When carrying out precise measurement of highly sensitive microwave electric field, we have to overcome various limitations of experimental environment and experimental tools."

　　The first is the interference problem. Nowadays, communication technology is developed, and microwave signals can be seen everywhere. It is very important to find an experimental place that can avoid interference to confirm the precision measurement. Therefore, the team built a microwave darkroom to ensure that the signals generated by non-experiments were blocked outside. In terms of experimental tools, just like mercury is to thermometers, narrow linewidth ultra-stable lasers are important equipment for precise measurement of microwave electric fields. However, due to the team’s high requirements for improving sensitivity, the stability of commercial lasers at home and abroad is difficult to meet the measurement requirements. After several discussions, the team decided to make this much-needed tool by themselves! "Do optical machinery, vacuum devices, electronic circuits … … Everyone communicated closely and supported each other. It took a year and a half to finally make the equipment that met the needs, and the performance was better than expected. " Xiao Liantuan said.

　　At the same time, many members have grown from academic newcomers to scientific research backbones, and have the ability to carry out research with teams. Qin Chengbing is one of them. He said: "Mr. Xiao and many academic predecessors are very good at disassembling a big difficulty, refining it into several specific problems, solving them according to everyone’s professional expertise, and conducting organized scientific research. This has greatly inspired me to carry out my own scientific research work. "

　　There is no end to innovation, and there is no end to learning. The team established an academic report system, and every Saturday, young teachers and doctoral students exchanged ideas and introduced their recent academic progress. In addition to scientific research, Xiao Liantuan also undertakes many administrative affairs, but no matter how busy he is, he insists on reading scientific literature every day. "Continuous learning is the most basic attitude, and this must be firm. Especially as an academic leader of a team, we need to have a clear understanding of the frontier dynamics of the discipline and the major needs of the country, so that our work can become useful scientific research and our research results can play a greater role. " Xiao Liantuan said.

　　Hot love — —

　　"The happiest thing is that the varieties we cultivate are liked by farmers."

　　"The average grain yield is 519 kilograms per mu, and the highest yield is 622 kilograms per mu. The average yield per mu is 101.2% higher than the average yield of corn in Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County in 2022."

　　"The average yield is 605.4 kilograms per mu, and the highest yield per mu is 630.0 kilograms. The demonstration varieties have strong disease resistance, excellent commodity quality and good comprehensive performance. It is recommended to speed up the demonstration and promotion. "

　　… … … …

　　Fan Xingming, the chief expert of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the members of the research team were quite excited to hear that their cultivated varieties were affirmed by the expert group for yield measurement. Every year, when the corn is ripe, Fan Xingming leads the team members to run around, enter the experimental field and see the test sites to understand the agronomic characters and yield of the selected varieties. In two high-altitude villages in Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, the team cooperated with farmers to demonstrate the planting of four corn varieties, including "Yun Rui 668" and "Hongdan 6". "The climate is not ideal in this growing period of demonstration planting." Fan Xingming said that the local area was first dry and short of water, and then it was rainy and rainy, and the pests and diseases were heavier than in previous years, which caused a lot of pressure on the growth of corn.

　　After the production test and acceptance, the corn yield in the demonstration area increased instead of decreased, and the ear was round and full. What excites Fan Xingming even more is the recognition of the villagers: "Teacher Fan, I will ask you for seeds next year!" Farmers know best how important seeds are to the harvest! White spot disease is a heart disease of local farmers, and the varieties brought by Fan Xingming’s team have strong disease resistance and increased yield, which has solved the problems of villagers.

　　Over the years, the innovative team of tropical and subtropical maize genetics and breeding of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, led by Fan Xingming, has devoted itself to breeding good varieties with high and stable yield, and made more contributions to accelerating the revitalization of seed industry and ensuring food security.

　　Because the breeding experiment is limited by climatic conditions, team members often "migrate" with the change of seasons like migratory birds. Many people "drift" in the field for two or three hundred days a year. Sowing, pollination and harvesting … … After these processes, half a year passed. Then, they will take carefully selected breeding materials and return to high altitude areas to continue spring sowing and summer sowing. Many members can’t go home during the Spring Festival, so they can only spend the New Year in the breeding base.

　　"The formation of breeding scientific research results needs a long and arduous accumulation process. As long as you have love, you can endure hardships and loneliness, and you will always see rewards if you persist. " Fan xingming said.

　　Yin xingfu, the chief assistant of the team, said that Fan Xingming is almost all year round, and he does things resolutely and does what he says. "Once the teacher just got off the plane and it was raining, so he was in a hurry to see the breeding materials in the field. I didn’t expect the car to get stuck in the mud on the way. He came down to help push the cart and splashed mud all over … … He smiled and said, ‘ It’s nothing. We are engaged in agriculture, and we are dealing with dirt. ’ Seeing that Teacher Fan set an example and rushed to the front line, we all felt that we should be more down-to-earth and diligent in our usual work. " Yin xingfu said.

　　Heaven rewards diligence, and bears no pains. Up to now, Fan Xingming’s team has bred more than 100 corn varieties, promoted high-quality corn over 140 million mu, and added an output value of more than 17 billion yuan. The products are widely recognized by the market.

　　Team member Jiang Fuyan is a science and technology correspondent who often goes to the countryside and can hear the voices of many farmers. His feeling is that with the diversification of market demand, farmers’ requirements for varieties are higher and finer. "There is a variety with high yield, which is successful simply from the perspective of scientific research. However, its bracts are tight, and when planted on a large scale, it will increase the labor cost of farmers’ harvest. To this end, we have made targeted improvements on parents and solved this problem. " Jiang Fuyan said, "Breeding work is not purely theoretical research. Being close to farmers and understanding their needs can often help us to make a clear direction."

　　"Breeders always have an expectation for life." Fan Xingming said, "The happiest thing is that the varieties we cultivate are liked by farmers and bring them benefits … …”

　　Attack the customs — —

　　"Let’s make the plane more competitive"

　　ARJ21 domestic regional jet is the first commercial airliner developed in China in full compliance with international airworthiness standards, laying a foundation for the development of follow-up aircraft such as C919. In the seventh year of commercial operation, the ARJ-21 domestic regional aircraft presented a new look to the public: in September 2023, seven ARJ-21 aircraft were statically displayed at Diwobao International Airport in Urumqi, Xinjiang, including business jets, medical machines, cargo planes and emergency rescue command aircraft. Four derivative models were unveiled on the same stage for the first time.

　　"Try to make the ARJ21 model better and better. In the past 20 years, I have basically only done one thing. " From making a design plan to developing a series that has begun to take shape, Chen Yong, chief engineer of China Commercial Aircraft Corporation and chief designer of ARJ21 system, experienced this type of past lives. He believes that for a commercial aircraft, investing in passenger transport is far from the end. "Our vision is not only to make a plane, but to use it as a platform to carry out more exploration, derive more models, serve more needs, and make our plane more competitive." Chen Yong said.

　　In order to achieve this goal, the ARJ21 project team has carried out various work. They cooperate with domestic scientific research institutes and enterprises to promote product modification and improve the supporting energy level of the industry; Travel to and from various airlines and flight test sites to continuously track and improve aircraft performance; Optimize design to help aircraft reduce weight and drag, reduce cost and increase efficiency & HELIP; …

　　After years of hard work, this model has won more and more recognition in domestic and foreign markets. Since the successful commercial maiden voyage on June 28, 2016, ARJ21 has delivered more than 120 aircraft, achieved navigation in more than 100 cities in China and safely transported more than 10 million passengers. In December, 2022, ARJ21 delivered its first overseas customer, Indonesian Lingya Airlines, which was the first time that a China jet entered the overseas market.

　　In Chen Yong’s view, making competitive products often means rushing to solve difficult problems. At the time of the project establishment, the relevant domestic staff had not undertaken the development task of civil aircraft models for many years, and there was a lack of experienced talents in design, manufacturing, test flight and other links. The team cooperated with some universities and research institutes to form a joint task force, and constantly enhanced the ability to tackle key problems in the experience of real swords and guns.

　　Aircraft icing has always been paid attention to in the civil aviation industry. In order to ensure that ARJ21 can adapt to various environments and ensure flight safety, the project team decided to use the ice type with the highest risk factor to carry out icing tests. "At that time, we ‘ Global chasing ice ’ , round trip 30,000 kilometers, looking for the harshest icing environment. " Chen Yong said, "At first, our aircraft could not meet the requirements. For example, the angle of attack sensor was frozen." Through simulation calculation, wind tunnel test and test flight under natural icing conditions on the ground and in the air, the team found the laws of icing on the wing surface, engine lip and fan, ice falling off, and solved 25 technical problems related to icing test verification.

　　A series of tests not only created the excellent performance of the ARJ21 aircraft, but also experienced a group of top scientific research talents. Many people grow up to be the chief engineer and deputy chief engineer of other projects and become the backbone of a new generation in the industry.

　　"We, the post-60s airmen, are very lucky to catch up with the great development of civil aircraft and have made some achievements. I believe that as long as researchers continue to focus on nothing and face difficulties, they will certainly make greater breakthroughs and progress in the future. " Chen Yong said.

　　Transformation — —

　　"Strive to benefit patients with the most advanced technology"

　　When she met Ma Jie in the Beijing Hospital Complex, she was discussing the treatment plan of a disease with her colleagues in the Department of Neurology. "Practice shows that stem cell therapy has a good effect on neurodegenerative diseases, so we want to explore some treatment methods along this direction." As the director of Beijing Hospital Biotherapy Center, Ma Jie and her team are committed to using advanced biotherapy technology to find effective treatments for difficult and rare diseases.

　　What are the advantages of biotherapy technology? Ma Jie introduced that a big difference between biotherapy technology and traditional methods is the use of biological agents as "living drugs". Bioactive drugs can activate human immune defense system and fundamentally change the growth and living environment of cells. The combination of biotherapy technology and traditional treatment can reduce the negative reaction and improve the curative effect comprehensively.

　　"Scientific achievements and treatment concepts need to be transformed into specific technologies to directly benefit patients." Ma Jie introduced that the team has devoted a lot of effort to getting through the basic medical and clinical needs. "Although we are a clinical department, more than half of our energy is devoted to scientific research; As a research team, members continue to engage in clinical treatment and clinical management, and the problems studied are also from the clinic. " Ma Jie said that the deep integration of scientific research and clinical practice enabled her team to capture the progress of medical frontier in time and closely integrate the needs of doctors and patients.

　　Xu Jing is mainly responsible for clinical treatment and management in the team, and also undertakes the task of transformation research. She said that Ma Jie put forward very strict requirements for the team’s scientific research "sense of smell" and scientific research ability. No matter how heavy the task is, the team will hold regular reports, asking everyone to report the frontier achievements of their respective disciplines and urging everyone to constantly update their knowledge. "I have a paper being written, and it has been revised more than ten times before and after. From topic selection, argumentation to language expression, Director Ma Jie gave very detailed guidance. " Xu Jing said, "I have gained a lot by comparing the original and revised manuscripts again and again." In addition to the cutting-edge achievements in the academic field, the team also absorbed a large number of demands and feedback from the clinical frontline. Team member Liu Caixia has more than 10 years of clinical research management experience. She said: "We have built a companion diagnostic laboratory to obtain information about patients’ response to specific therapeutic drugs. Deepen the understanding of the mechanism by continuously tracking the progress of the subject’s course and analyzing the reasons. "

　　Keep learning new knowledge and absorbing feedback, so as to make breakthroughs. This young team established in 2017 has achieved a lot. In 2023, they made many achievements in the development of nano-drugs and tumor markers, and published related articles in internationally influential journals. Scientific research achievements have also been continuously transformed into a specific diagnosis and treatment technology: the immune cell therapy provided by the biotherapy center is currently applied to the treatment of solid tumors such as lung cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and kidney cancer, with remarkable curative effect; Stem cell therapy has a good effect in the pathological repair of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoarthritis, autoimmune diseases and nervous system diseases … …

　　At present, this team continues to capture and tackle a new problem … … Ma Jie said: "There is no best, only better, new topics and challenges will emerge constantly, and we must never rest on our laurels. Only by continuous learning and practice can we achieve our goal: strive to benefit patients with the most advanced technology. "

　　People’s Daily (January 2, 2024, 06 edition)

Guo Yu Han [2011] No.7

　　Language committees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, language committees of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, language committees of relevant provinces and autonomous regions, relevant institutions of higher learning and relevant scientific research units:

　　With the approval of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Commission, the Twelfth Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission and the 2011 Annual Project Guide of the Twelfth Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission (hereinafter referred to as the Project Guide) are hereby printed and distributed to you, and the relevant matters concerning the application are notified as follows:

　　First, the application project should focus on the needs of the country’s medium and long-term language reform and development, focus on overall, strategic and forward-looking theoretical and practical problems, accurately grasp the characteristics of the times, enhance pertinence and effectiveness, effectively solve practical problems in language life, and pay attention to social benefits and application value.

　　Two, the name of the major project is the research topic, and the applicant shall not propose, expand and narrow the scope of research at will. Applicants for key projects and general projects can refer to the research fields proposed in the Project Guide and draw up their own project names. The funding standard for major projects this year is 200,000-300,000 yuan, the funding standard for key projects is 80,000-150,000 yuan, and the funding standard for general projects is 50,000-80,000 yuan. Set up self-financing projects.

　　Three, the project management in accordance with the "State Language Committee scientific research project management measures". This year’s project is required to be completed in 1-3 years. Project extension or adjustment personnel must be approved by the Office of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Committee.

　　Four, the project applicant through the network to declare, and at the same time fill in the "national language research project application" two copies. Major projects are subject to tender. After the initial evaluation on the Internet, you will wait for the notice to attend the on-site defense in Beijing. If you don’t attend the defense, you will be deemed to have given up. Other projects implement the initial evaluation of peer expert network and the centralized re-evaluation of expert meetings. The initial evaluation is anonymous. Re-evaluation focuses on the previous research foundation and research ability.

　　Five, the person in charge of the project can only declare one project in the same year. In principle, the person in charge of the project of the State Language Committee under study shall not declare new projects. It is not supported that researchers who have more than two projects under research from other sources declare the planned projects of the State Language Committee again. The completion of the above-mentioned projects shall be based on the time indicated in the completion certificate, and a copy of the completion certificate shall be provided.

　　Six, the project applicant shall truthfully fill in the application materials, and ensure that there is no intellectual property dispute. Anyone who practices fraud, once discovered and verified, will be disqualified from reporting for three years. If the project has been approved, all items will be withdrawn, and the management responsibility of the applicant’s unit will be investigated.

　　Seven, the State Language Committee scientific research projects to implement the credit management system. The project undertaker should fulfill its promise and ensure its credibility. The person in charge of the approved project shall abide by the provisions, fulfill the agreed obligations and complete the research task on schedule during the project implementation. If there is a bad credit record, the project leader shall not apply for a new project within 3 years.

　　Eight, the project review adhere to fairness and justice, where the declaration of the project experts must avoid the project review. Quality is the first in project evaluation, and quality is better than quantity. The results of expert review shall be reported to the Office of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Committee, publicized after examination and approval, and issued a notice of project establishment and allocated project funds after no objection.

　　9. All materials required for project application can be downloaded from the Scientific Research Network of the State Language Committee (website: http://www.ywky.org). Paper materials in duplicate shall be submitted to the office of the leading group for scientific research planning of the State Language Committee by the scientific research management department of the unit where they belong after being examined and sealed by the unit. To ensure the consistency of electronic declaration data and paper declaration data.

　　Ten, this year’s project acceptance declaration time from April 15th, 2011 to May 31st, overdue will not be accepted. Office of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Commission Tel: 010-66096726; Postal code: 100816; Mailing address: Planning Coordination Office, Language Information Management Department, Ministry of Education, No.35 Damucang Hutong, Xidan, Beijing.

　　Eleven, this notice will be published on the website of the Ministry of Education, China language network.

　　Attachment: 1. The 12th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission.

　　2. National Language Committee’s "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" 2011 Project Guide

　　3. Measures for the Administration of Scientific Research Projects of the State Language Commission (revised in 2011)

State Language Commission

April 2011

　　Attachment 1:

The 12th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission

　　This plan is formulated according to the spirit of the Outline of the Medium-and Long-term Reform and Development Plan for the National Language and Literature Industry (2010-2020) and the needs of the current development of the language and literature industry.

　　I. Review of Scientific Research Work of the State Language Committee in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan

　　During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, the State Language Committee thoroughly implemented Scientific Outlook on Development, followed the pace of the times and paid attention to the social language life, and completed more than 170 research projects on language and writing, which achieved fruitful results.

　　(A) the national language strategy research has made new strides.The research plan of language development strategy has been formulated, and research institutions such as China Language Strategy Research Center, Overseas Chinese Research Center and China Foreign Language Strategy Research Center have been established to conduct research on major language issues in time, which has provided strong scientific support for the formulation of national language strategy and language policy.

　　(2) New progress has been made in the standardization of language and writing.Completed the development of "Standard Chinese Character List" and publicly solicited opinions. Nearly 20 language standards have been published, which have played an important role in social language life. A number of guiding norms have been issued in the form of "China Green Book on Language Life". The formulation of international standards for Chinese characters and minority languages has been further strengthened.

　　(C) The language proficiency evaluation system is taking shape.The computer-aided Putonghua proficiency test was further promoted, and the standards for the application level test of Chinese characters were formulated and published, and the application level test of Chinese characters was started. The evaluation system of the national common language application ability is being established to meet the needs of the national common language education and the labor access system of various industries.

　　(4) Significant progress has been made in the construction of basic language and writing projects.Carry out the pilot work of building an audio database of Chinese language resources and explore effective ways to preserve and develop language resources. Construction of dynamic circulation corpora such as print media language, audio media language and network media language, as well as corpus of educational materials. The informationization of government affairs in the language and writing work system has achieved initial results.

　　(5) The guidance of social language life has become a new bright spot.The National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center and the Language Public Opinion Research Center have been established to monitor, analyze and study new language phenomena and hot issues in language life in a timely manner. From 2006 to 2010, the Report on Language Life in China was published for five consecutive years, which guided the social language life and played a positive role in the harmony of social language life.

　　(six) to provide research results for promoting Chinese to the world.Studying the language situation of the Chinese community in the world, studying the characteristics of teaching Chinese as a second language, and strengthening the formulation of language and writing standards and the construction of teaching materials for the international spread of Chinese. The Global Chinese Dictionary was compiled and published, which promoted the communication of Chinese at home and abroad and the international spread of Chinese.

　　(seven) the standardization and informatization of national languages have been solidly promoted.Actively carry out the construction of standards and resource libraries for minority languages, strengthen the standardization of minority language terms, and complete more than 100 standardization and informatization projects for minority languages. The database of minority languages and characters has been started.

　　(VIII) The discipline construction of applied linguistics was further strengthened.We supported the establishment of a master’s degree program, a doctoral degree program and a key laboratory of computational linguistics, which are urgently needed by the society, and held a series of academic conferences on the application of language and writing in China. Research on language planning, language teaching, computational linguistics and legal linguistics, which are urgently needed by society, has been carried out. The research team of applied linguistics is constantly growing.

　　Second, the situation faced by the State Language Committee in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" scientific research

　　At present, China is in a critical period of reform and development. With the deepening of economic globalization and the rapid development of science and technology, the competition of comprehensive national strength is developing in an unprecedented depth and breadth.

　　The impact of globalization is far-reaching. With the development of economic globalization and the great migration and mobility of population, there are more and more communication problems, various contradictions in language life are prominent, and the trend of language conflict is becoming more and more obvious. In recent years, all the major countries in the world are stepping up the formulation of their own language strategies, improving their language ability in handling various domestic and foreign affairs, using language to safeguard national information and cultural security, resolving social contradictions at home, rallying people’s hearts, promoting harmony, and spreading national culture and ideas abroad.

　　The development of informatization is changing with each passing day. The rapid development of modern information technologies such as Internet of Things and cloud computing is having an important impact on the world. Language is an important carrier of information, and the development of informatization makes language enter the virtual space, forming a virtual language life; Strengthen the basic research of language and characters and the application research based on information processing, strengthen the construction of language and characters standards for information processing, form the core technology of Chinese information processing with independent intellectual property rights as soon as possible, enhance the influence of Chinese language in the virtual world, and accelerate the process of national informatization.

　　Language life has developed rapidly and become more colorful. The ways that society needs to provide language services are increasing day by day, new language occupations are constantly forming, the language industry is developing rapidly, and the concept of language resources has become a consensus. The social demand for foreign languages is getting stronger and stronger, and foreign language planning is put on the agenda. The pace of Chinese going to the world is getting faster and faster, and striving for the right to speak internationally is becoming a national consciousness. Language and writing are closely related to national security, and information security has attracted increasing attention. The transformation from a big country with human resources to a powerful country with great cultural prosperity and development has put forward new requirements for the cause of language and writing, the ability of national language application and the scientific research of language and writing.

　　At present, the research of language and writing science is not fully adapted to the requirements of the development of language and writing in China. The concrete manifestations are as follows: 1. The scientific research of language and characters needs to be improved urgently in terms of the renewal of ideas and the modernization level of research methods. 2. The supporting role for language and writing needs to be further strengthened. 3. Pay insufficient attention to the hot issues of language and writing society in time, absorb and transform the achievements of basic research less, relevant scientific research achievements fail to produce social benefits in time, and "Industry-University-Research’s use" is not well combined. 4. Discipline status and personnel training need to be further strengthened.

　　Linguistic science research should seize the important strategic opportunity period of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, stand at the forefront of social development, especially the development of information technology, pay attention to social language life, pay attention to major issues sensitive to the times, and make breakthrough progress.

　　Iii. The guiding ideology, main objectives and key research directions of the language and writing science research of the State Language Commission during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, we will thoroughly implement the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Languages and Characters, implement the Outline of the Medium-and Long-term Reform and Development Plan for National Languages and Characters (2010-2020), aim at fully serving the development of national languages and characters, focus on the standardization, standardization and informatization of languages and characters, pay attention to the hot spots of social language life based on the construction of scientific research bases and language projects, emancipate our minds, and reform and innovate.

　　(II) Main objectives

　　Further improve the research level of language and writing science, and provide scientific basis and academic support for the country to adjust the language and writing principles and policies, formulate norms and standards, improve the level of social application management, and enhance the national language application ability. Pay attention to social language life, grasp the national conditions of language, actively serve the language needs of various fields and regions, and guide the harmonious development of social language life.

　　(III) Key research directions

　　1. Language strategy, language planning and language policy research.

　　Language strategy is an integral part of national development strategy. Since the beginning of the new century, many countries have been formulating and implementing language policies, language bills and language projects directly related to national language ability, and examining language issues from the strategic height of national security and global competitiveness in the era of globalization. China is a unified multi-ethnic country with many languages and languages, rich language resources and complicated language life. It is of great significance to do a good job in language planning and language strategy research and deal with language problems, so as to safeguard national unity and promote national unity and social harmony. It is necessary to study the basic strategy of language and writing work in China, the relationship between domestic languages, the role of language and writing in national identity, national identity and cultural identity, the related problems of cross-border language and writing, the language life of Chinese and overseas Chinese in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan Province, the language strategies and policies of different countries, the living conditions and experiences of foreign languages, etc., and put forward scientific plans to deal with major language problems.

　　2. Construction of language and writing standards

　　We will strengthen the standardization of national common spoken and written languages and minority languages, study the strategy of standardization of spoken and written languages, speed up the formulation and improvement of basic standards of national common spoken and written languages and minority languages, standards of application ability and evaluation and certification, standards of Braille and sign language, standards of Chinese international education, and standards for the use of foreign spoken and written languages, and focus on building urgently needed standards in the fields of education, information processing, press and publication, lexicography, radio, film and television, and public services. Strengthen the standardization of geographical names and technical terms. Actively formulate international standards for China’s spoken and written languages. Develop a standard survey and authentication system for language and characters.

　　3. Research on Language Life and Language Management

　　Strengthen the research on the national conditions of language, the use of language in new media, the monitoring and research on the dynamic use of language, and the research on language public opinion to promote the healthy development of language life.

　　Carry out research on the system and mechanism of legal management of social language application, Putonghua promotion strategy and foreign language use management. Promote the informationization and intelligence of Putonghua proficiency test, Chinese character application level test and their management. Carry out research on the professional access mechanism of Putonghua level and Chinese character application level. Conduct a survey on the use of sign language and Braille, and establish a dynamic monitoring system.

　　A study on the social popularization strategy of language science. Construction of language application consulting service platform. Construction of language policies and regulations query service system, language specification standard application service system, language training and testing system.

　　4. Language education and language ability research

　　The application ability of language plays a fundamental role in people’s growth and all-round development. Strengthen research on mother tongue education, bilingual education in ethnic minority areas, international Chinese education, language acquisition for hearing and vision disabled people. Study the evaluation criteria and means of national language application ability to improve national language application ability. Study the role of language and writing work in promoting Chinese excellent culture and establishing a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation.

　　5. Research on language resource construction and Chinese information processing.

　　Chinese information processing is an important content in the frontier technology of intelligent perception. Research on Chinese information processing combined with the Internet, do a good job in the basic construction of language resources, and improve the integration ability of processing platforms. We will promote semantic processing technology, focus on the Internet-oriented Chinese semantic analysis system, and improve the overall utilization ability of Internet information in China.

　　We will tackle key problems in Chinese information processing, enhance the independent innovation ability of Chinese information technology and products, form a number of core technologies of Chinese information processing with independent intellectual property rights and international standards of Chinese information processing technology, standardize and promote Chinese computer input methods, strengthen the construction of computer fonts, and serve the development of Chinese information industry and the national informatization strategy.

　　Strengthen the basic engineering construction of information processing-oriented language and writing, and build the knowledge base, corpus and resource base of national language and writing. Build an audio database of Chinese language resources and a large-scale corpus of traditional common minority languages. Attach importance to the development and utilization of language resources and provide services to the society.

　　(4) Guarantee mechanism

　　Establish a scientific research base system of the State Language Committee. Taking the base as a platform, we will carry out scientific research on language and writing around major national language issues, hot and difficult issues in language life and the construction of language and writing standards. Promote the combination of basic research and applied research, and encourage interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, cross-regional and cross-national research. Give full play to the role of universities, research institutes, academic groups and local language committees.

　　Strengthen the discipline construction of applied linguistics. Improve the status and academic influence of applied linguistics, and form a relatively complete subject system and education system of applied linguistics. Cultivate and bring up compound and interdisciplinary applied linguistic talents with modern academic vision and innovative consciousness, and strive to promote the modernization of linguistic research methods and means.

　　Attachment 2:

The 12th Five-Year Scientific Research Plan of the State Language Commission

2011 Project Guide

　　I. Language strategy research, language planning and language policy research

　　1. Research on national language laws and regulations system.

　　2. Comparative study of language management systems in different countries.

　　3. Research on Putonghua promotion to meet the development needs in the new period.

　　4. Problems and countermeasures in the popularization and application of Chinese Pinyin.

　　5. Research on the strategy of improving national language ability.

　　6. Investigation on the use of national common language in ethnic minority areas (key projects)

　　7. Research on the development strategy of language economy and language industry.

　　8. Research on the development strategy of Chinese information processing

　　9. Investigation and Research on Cross-border Languages in China (Major Project)

　　Second, research on the construction of language and writing standards

　　1. Audition of Putonghua in the New Century (major project)

　　2. Development of language and writing standards for Chinese education.

　　3 Development of Chinese Character Font Specification (Entrusted Project)

　　4. Research on standardizing the writing grade standard of Chinese characters.

　　5. Research on the application of intelligent voice technology in Putonghua proficiency test and learning of primary and secondary school students (commissioned project)

　　6. Development of language and writing standards for news publishing, dictionary compilation, radio, film and television.

　　7. Development of Chinese information processing-oriented language and writing standard.

　　8. Development of standards for minority languages and characters.

　　9. Development of the national standard of common sign language (major project)

　　10. Revision of the National General Braille Standard (major project)

　　11. Development of relevant standards for the use of foreign languages in China (key project)

　　12. Research on international standards of China language and writing.

　　13. Construction of Audio Database of Chinese Language Resources-Questionnaire and survey specification for minority languages (commissioned project)

　　Third, language life and its management research

　　1. Study on the use and standardization of loanwords, lettered words and neologisms.

　　2. Research on Language Life in public opinion monitoring (key project)

　　3. Research on the language problems and countermeasures in the process of urbanization in China.

　　4. Research on the problems and countermeasures of language application under the network environment.

　　5. Research on the problems and countermeasures of language application in modern information technology products such as mobile phones, electronic paper books and so on.

　　6. Problems and countermeasures in the application of spoken and written languages in different fields, occupations and groups.

　　7. Research on Radio and Television Language (Key Project)

　　8. Investigation on the use of sign language and Braille (commissioned project)

　　Investigation and study on the network language life of ethnic minorities in China

　　10. Study on Chinese Life in Hong Kong and Macao

　　11. Research on Chinese life in Taiwan Province (standard status of language and writing)

　　12. Survey on Overseas Chinese Use (Entrusted Project)

　　Fourth, language education and language ability research

　　1. Research on improving the national language application ability (key project)

　　2. Research on the standard and evaluation system of national language and writing ability (major project)

　　3. Research on language education in preschool and basic education.

　　4. Research on the quality of college students’ mother tongue and its improvement

　　5. Research on Putonghua proficiency test system (commissioned project)

　　6. Research on the national common language training materials for minority teachers.

　　7. Research on the standard and evaluation system of national common language application ability of minority students (key project)

　　8. Chinese classic reading education and Chinese quality, Chinese education and promotion of Chinese excellent traditional culture related research (major projects)

　　9. Research on Digitalization of Language Education

　　10. Investigation on the current situation of language teaching software in the field of basic education (commissioned project)

　　V. Research on Language Information Processing

　　1. Development of "Administrative Measures on Language Use of Information Technology Products" (key project)

　　2. Construction of testing and certification system for compliance of language and writing standards (major project)

　　3. Technical research on the construction and monitoring of national language resources (key projects)

　　4. Research on content processing and information mining in Chinese information processing.

　　5. Semantic research for information processing.

　　6. Development of Chinese text conversion system (key project)

　　7. Research on evaluation standard of Chinese character input method

　　8. Corpus construction of bilingual education materials in minority areas (commissioned project)

　　9. Research on the application strategy of language resources integration based on cloud computing platform.

　　Attachment 3:

Measures of the State Language Committee for the Administration of Scientific Research Projects

(Revised in 2011)

Chapter I General Principles

　　Article 1 These Measures are formulated in order to thoroughly implement the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Languages and Characters, strengthen the management of applied research projects of languages and characters initiated by state language commission (hereinafter referred to as the State Language Committee), and improve the research quality of the projects.

　　Article 2 The leading group for scientific research planning of the State Language Commission is responsible for planning and deploying scientific research on the application of spoken and written languages throughout the country. The Office of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Commission (hereinafter referred to as the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission) is responsible for formulating project management measures and implementation rules, organizing project declaration and evaluation, arranging mid-term inspection and acceptance of projects, and identifying the results of major and key projects.

Chapter II Project Category and Project Declaration

　　Article 3 The scientific research projects of the State Language Commission are mainly collected by ordinary universities, research institutes and the Language Commission system. Project categories mainly include: major projects, key projects, general projects, self-funded projects, entrusted projects, etc.

　　Article 4 Conditions for project application:

　　1. The project applicant must have good political literacy and the ability to independently carry out and organize scientific research work, be in good health, be the actual host of the project and undertake substantive research work.

　　2. Applicants can only declare one project at a time. Applicants for major projects and key projects should generally have full and senior professional and technical positions, and the age is generally not more than 55 years old. Those who have undertaken major projects of the State Language Committee and have not yet completed them may not declare new projects; Projects or subprojects that have been approved shall not be declared repeatedly.

　　3. In principle, a research group should be formed to declare. Encourage interdisciplinary, cross-school, cross-regional and cross-system organizations to organize superior scientific research forces and carry out substantive cooperative research.

　　4. The applicant’s unit actively supports and promises to provide good research conditions.

Chapter III Project Evaluation and Project Establishment

　　Article 5 The Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission shall be responsible for the qualification examination of the application materials, and organize communication review, meeting review and public bidding according to different situations.

　　1. The communication review shall be conducted anonymously. The evaluation experts shall independently evaluate the declared project, put forward suggestions on whether to establish the project and briefly explain the reasons.

　　2. The meeting review shall be conducted in public. After full evaluation, the expert review group will vote by secret ballot, and the declared project can be established only after more than two-thirds of the votes are passed.

　　3. Open bidding is applicable to major projects. The Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee organizes relevant experts to conduct bid evaluation, and determines the winning bidder by secret ballot.

　　According to the special needs of the work of the State Language Committee, individual projects are established separately by entrustment.

　　Article 6 The principle of fair competition and merit-based funding shall be implemented in project evaluation. The basic criteria for project review are:

　　1. The subject has important academic value, theoretical significance or practical significance.

　　2. The subject is academic frontier, and it is expected to produce innovative and social impact research results. Encourage targeted applied research projects, and encourage emerging frontier research and interdisciplinary cross-disciplinary comprehensive research projects.

　　3. The research direction of the subject is correct, the content is substantial, the demonstration is sufficient, the key and difficult points to be broken are clear, the research ideas are clear, and the research methods are scientific and feasible.

　　4. The project applicant and the members of the research group have a certain research foundation for the declared project; Have relevant research results and data preparation; Have the time and conditions necessary to complete the research work.

　　5. The application funds and budget arrangements are reasonable.

　　Article 7 The results of expert review shall be reported to the Office of the Leading Group for Scientific Research Planning of the State Language Committee, publicized after examination and approval, and issued a notice of project establishment and allocated project funds after no objection.

Chapter IV Project Process Management

　　Article 8 The project undertaker shall organize a research group to carry out research work according to the project design requirements in the project application (including research content, research methods, completion period and achievement form, etc.) and the examination and approval opinions of the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee. The project design shall not be changed without authorization; If it is really necessary to change, it shall be reviewed and signed by the unit where the project leader works, and then reported to the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee for examination and approval.

　　Article 9 The project undertaker shall report the project research progress and the use of scientific research funds to the Scientific Research Office in a timely manner according to the requirements of annual inspection (an interim report is required for projects completed within one year), and explain how to complete the follow-up work on schedule. In case of important problems and accidents during the project, it is necessary to report them in time. The Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission shall supervise and inspect the project and put forward opinions or suggestions on the research and management of the project.

　　Article 10 The project undertaker shall strengthen the management and coordination of the project, incorporate the undertaken project into the scientific research plan of the unit, and give active support in human, financial and material aspects. The research work implements the project director responsibility system, and the self-management of the project should be strengthened to ensure the quality and quantity of the research task to be completed on time.

　　Eleventh scientific research projects whose achievements are in the form of language and writing standards of the State Language Committee shall be implemented in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Language and Writing Standards (Standards) in state language commission.

Chapter V Fund Management

　　Twelfth the use of project funds must comply with the provisions of the relevant national financial regulations and systems, in strict accordance with the measures for the management of funds.

　　Article 13 The account filled in the receipt must be the account of the unit where the project leader works, which shall be filled in by the financial department. The use of project funds by the project team must be audited by the scientific research management department of the unit and accepted by the financial management department. If the account changes, it shall promptly notify the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee in writing.

　　Article 14 Expenditure scope of project funds

　　1. Equipment and consumables expenses: expenses for purchasing equipment and consumables needed for project research;

　　2. Data fee: used to purchase books, data and other expenses needed for project research;

　　3. Meeting expenses: used for meeting expenses incurred in holding project seminars, symposiums and appraisal meetings;

　　4. Travel expenses: used for travel, research and other expenses incurred by the project research institute;

　　5. Labor costs: including labor costs and expert approval fees for project research;

　　6. Management fee: no more than 5% of the annual scientific research funds, used for daily scientific research management;

　　7. Other expenditures: other related expenditures required by the project research but not included in the above items.

　　Fifteenth project funds to implement the "one-time approval, phased allocation" approach, generally at the beginning of the research work to allocate 60%, 30% after the inspection of the results of the stage, the remaining 10% after the completion of the project.

　　Sixteenth in any of the following circumstances, the next period of funds will be suspended; In serious cases, the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee has the right to terminate the contract, and the person in charge of the scientific research project shall bear the liability for breach of contract.

　　1 do not submit or submit a written report on the progress of the project and the use of scientific research funds on time;

　　2. Unauthorized diversion of project funds for other purposes;

　　3. After examination, the staged achievements of scientific research have not reached the predetermined requirements;

　　4. Failing to complete the development task within the prescribed time limit without justifiable reasons.

Chapter VI Project Acceptance and Achievement Transformation

　　Seventeenth after the completion of the project, it is necessary to carry out identification, acceptance and closing, and perform the necessary closing procedures.

　　1. The appraisal of the final results of general projects is organized by supporting units, and the appraisal experts are mainly composed of peer experts from other units; Only those who have passed the appraisal can apply for acceptance, and submit the appraisal certification materials signed by the appraisal experts to the State Language Research Office for the record.

　　2. The identification of the final results of major projects and key projects shall be organized by the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission.

　　3. To apply for a settlement, you must fill in the Application for Appraisal of the Settlement of Scientific Research Projects of the State Language Committee, provide the final appraisal certificate, the original results and the summary report of the results (including the electronic version), and submit it to the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Committee after the approval of the supporting unit.

　　4. The identification and validation of scientific research projects with the language and writing standards of the State Language Committee shall be carried out in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Language and Writing Standards (Standards) of state language commission.

　　5. The Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission will issue a certificate of completion to those who have passed the acceptance and confirmed that they can complete the project, allocate the rest of the project funds, and announce the acceptance of the project.

　　Eighteenth gradually establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation system of project results, pay attention to the quality of results, pay attention to the actual value.

　　1. The final results can be standard texts, papers, monographs, consulting reports, software, databases, patents, etc. In addition to the academic achievements themselves, the course construction, textbook compilation, dictionaries, popular science articles, academic reports, consulting services, their actual effects and social impacts, etc. carried out by the project leader and the members of the research group in combination with the project research, are included in the acceptance scope for comprehensive consideration. The evaluation of the achievements of major projects in the scientific research base of the State Language Committee should pay special attention to the situation of providing consulting services to the country and society.

　　2. The main contents of the project acceptance are: the person in charge of the project has completed the research task according to the project contract and task plan; The final result is consistent with the "final result form" approved at the time of project establishment, and there is no dispute over signature and intellectual property rights; The expenses are reasonable and legal. The final result must be marked with the words "Scientific Research Project of the State Language Committee" in a prominent position, otherwise it will not be recognized at the time of acceptance.

　　Nineteenth to establish a system of rewards and punishments for project achievements. For the projects whose achievements have been accepted as excellent, they shall be notified and praised as an important reference for the project owner to apply for the project next time; All projects whose results are unqualified after acceptance shall be removed, and the person in charge of the project shall not declare the scientific research projects of the State Language Committee within 3 years.

　　Twentieth strengthen the awareness of transformation of achievements, expand the channels of transformation of achievements, and give full play to the social benefits of project achievements.

　　1. When all kinds of projects are completed, a summary report of achievements of 3-5 thousand words shall be submitted at the same time, briefly describing the academic value, innovative content and social impact of this topic, and submitted to the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission after being audited by the supporting unit.

　　2. Encourage the transformation of project achievements into courses, teaching materials and teaching, so as to serve the cultivation of outstanding talents; Transforming to decision-making consultation to serve the scientific decision-making of the government and enterprises; Transforming into society and doing more scientific popularization work will serve to improve the standardization level of language and writing in the whole society and build a harmonious language life.

　　3. The project undertaker shall take active measures to support and fund the publication of outstanding achievements of the project, and actively do a good job in the publicity, promotion and application of the project achievements. Research reports, consultation reports and investigation reports with important application value shall be submitted to the Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission before being submitted to the relevant departments.

　　Twenty-first project results are owned by the State Language Committee and the research group, and released and used in the name of the State Language Committee. The project undertaker has the right to use the achievements in scientific research and teaching and other rights granted by the State Language Committee.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Twenty-second these measures shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation, and the Measures for the Administration of Scientific Research Projects in state language commission issued in 2007 shall be abolished at the same time.

　　Article 23 The Scientific Research Office of the State Language Commission shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.

　　CCTV News:On January 18th, the State Council held a press conference on the development of industry and informatization in 2022. Tian Yulong, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said at the meeting that in recent days, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with relevant departments, has implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and under the direct command of the joint prevention and control mechanism, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as the material support group of the joint prevention and control mechanism, will work with member departments and relevant localities to increase medical material support, and make every effort to promote medical and medical enterprises to achieve stable production, expand capacity and expand production, and increase the market of key At present, it has the following characteristics:

　　First, do a good job in the production and supply of key medical materials. As for drugs, as of January 17th, ibuprofen and acetaminophen, two key antipyretic and analgesic drugs, have supplied a total of 5.14 billion tablets on the basis of maintaining the capacity of 200 million tablets for 17 consecutive days, which can fully guarantee the demand for drugs. In terms of medical instruments and equipment, with the rising demand for medical resources for intensive care, our department has recently focused its work on "preventing severe illness and ensuring equipment" in time. As of January 17th, the daily output of small molecular antiviral drug azvudine increased by 148% compared with that before New Year’s Day, reaching 744,000 bottles. The daily output level has been greatly improved, which can meet the drug demand of critically ill patients in current medical institutions and the subsequent treatment of critically ill patients, and the drug output and capacity have been greatly improved. At present, the daily output of invasive ventilators is 239% higher than that before New Year’s Day, and the production scale is increasing. At present, it has reached 1808 sets. The daily output of oxygen generator is increased by 280% within 4 days, and the maximum daily output can exceed 20,000 sets. The supply of oxygen generator can meet the basic needs of medical institutions. The daily output of finger-clip oximeter is more than 460,000, which can not only meet the needs of medical institutions, but also provide more and more social services.

　　The second is to give priority to ensuring the needs of key areas with accurate delivery. In order to meet the urgent needs of the people, in accordance with the principle of "focusing on key points and accurately putting them into use", we will actively connect with civil affairs, rural areas, education and other departments with relevant departments to accurately provide medical materials for key areas (people) such as pension, rural areas and schools. Since mid-December last year, relying on large-scale e-commerce platforms and local drug protection platforms, we have delivered nearly 136 million copies of drugs, benefiting more than 60 million people. Through the convenience and accessibility of e-commerce, a precise delivery mode has been innovated. At the same time, the "oxygen indicator into the countryside activity" was launched, and two oxygen indicators were equipped for each rural clinic in the country, supplying 1.172 million in four batches. At the same time, through various forms such as corporate donations, more than 10,000 medical oxygen generators have been supplied free of charge to more than 800 poverty-stricken counties across the country, achieving full coverage of more than 10,000 townships in poverty-stricken counties. We have fully guaranteed the demand for key medical materials in the national pension and child welfare institutions proposed by the civil affairs department, and are currently working with the education department to ensure the demand for key medical materials in colleges and universities across the country.

　　The third is to work together to unblock the supply channels of medical materials. We will work together with transportation, postal services and other departments to ensure that priority is given to the treatment and delivery of medical materials at the grassroots level, especially in rural and remote areas, and make every effort to get through the "last mile" of distribution. We have also formulated a plan to ensure the smooth logistics of enterprises during the Spring Festival, and made every effort to ensure and reserve the transportation capacity during holidays and the Spring Festival.

　　In the next step, our department will continue to make efforts to support the stable production of key medical materials enterprises, strengthen the supply of materials, coordinate the accurate delivery of medical materials, and do a good job of guarantee.

In 2024, the field of autonomous driving ushered in an unprecedented capital boom. The continuous upgrading of Tesla FSD system and rumors of entering China, like a shot in the arm, have stimulated the market’s infinite reverie of end-to-end autonomous driving technology. The capital market responded quickly, and many self-driving companies in China rushed to the market. Horizon, Wen Yuan Zhixing, Xiaoma Zhixing, Youjia Technology and other companies successfully listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the US stock market, and the financing and valuation of the self-driving industry continued to rise.

The rise of end-to-end autonomous driving technology

In 2024, autonomous driving technology ushered in the upsurge of end-to-end autonomous driving. Tesla has become a leader in this field with the continuous upgrading of its FSD system. Tesla’s version of FSDV12 introduced a brand-new end-to-end neural network architecture, which realized full automation from perception to vehicle control. The subsequent version of FSDV13.2 further improved the user experience and realized the "point-to-point" automatic driving function. The breakthrough of this technology not only makes Tesla shine in the North American market, but also paves the way for it to enter the China market soon.

At the same time, Huawei, Ideality, Momenta and other companies have also actively deployed in the field of end-to-end autonomous driving. Huawei Gankun has released a high-level Gankun ADS3.0 version that supports intelligent driving in urban areas, and an ADSSE version that can realize high-speed navigation assistance and basic intelligent parking. From 2.0 to 3.0, the intelligent driving ability has been optimized a lot, and many new specific functions have been added, such as NCA traffic around the island, NCA roadside parking function, lateral anti-collision avoidance function, and anti-collision function by mistake. Tramway has experienced a variety of models equipped with Huawei Gankun Intelligent Driving ADS3.0 this year. Among them, the most impressive one is Zhijie S7, which can park in the underground parking lot, find parking spaces and park them without driving, and can also complete the operations of courtesy to pedestrians, reversing and avoiding by itself.

On October 23rd this year, LI announced the industry’s first new generation of dual-system intelligent driving scheme, end-to-end +VLM full push. Then on November 28 th, the intelligent driving from the ideal parking space to the parking space took the lead. In less than a month, the 2024 Ideal AI Talk forecast: the whole scene of high-speed cities will be upgraded to end-to-end +VLM, and will be fully pushed to AD Max users on December 31. Accompanying with the "end-to-end" of the ideal, it has achieved phased results, and for the long-term technical pre-research, the ideal has also adjusted the organizational structure of its own intelligent driving team. Recently, in the face of media interviews, Li Xiang even talked about AI Kan Kan. He regarded artificial intelligence as "the whole of the future", and thought that the appearance of large models would fundamentally change human beings. End-to-end +VLM would break the "inertia thinking" that users used to use smart driving, and let consumers truly realize that smart driving is no longer an "unnecessary choice" but an "optimal solution" for travel life.

"Extreme cost performance" smart driving products are favored.

Consumers’ demand for intelligent driving products is no longer limited to functional perfection and advanced technology, and the level of cost performance has also become an important consideration for their choice.

In order to meet the changes in the smart driving market, Mimo has released three "extremely cost-effective" intelligent assisted driving products, HP170, HP370 and HP570, which fully meet the mass production needs of high, medium and low-priced smart driving models. At present, the second-generation HPilot’s extremely cost-effective NOH smart driving products have entered the delivery state one after another.

On November 29th, Mi Mi Zhixing celebrated its fifth anniversary. According to the internal letter, the company’s intelligent driving products have been equipped with more than 20 models, and the mileage of intelligent driving has exceeded 250 million kilometers, providing services for more than hundreds of thousands of car owners; In the past five years, the average price of bicycles in the industry has been reduced from several hundred thousand yuan to several tens of thousands yuan, which has helped the intelligent upgrading of the logistics industry and delivered nearly 900,000 orders for express delivery, supermarkets and other logistics scenes in China. In terms of technology research and development and product landing, we will continue to increase investment in research and development, ensure that the second-generation smart driving products at the end of the year are delivered at a fixed point in mass production, create an urban map-free NOA scheme with the best cost performance in the industry, and achieve full coverage of the whole country.

DJI Zhijia has successfully opened up the market with the strategy of "extremely cost-effective". DJI has greatly reduced the cost of high-level intelligent driving system through its innovative "in-line platform", which makes the technology that only appeared in high-end models in the past more and more popular in the low-end market. DJI Intelligent Driving System, based on pure vision scheme and independent of high-precision maps and lidar, can realize L2+ intelligent driving function on 100,000-150,000 vehicles. Such cost control not only helps the car factory reduce the production cost, but also promotes the popularization of intelligent driving technology.

Capital feast of self-driving track

In 2024, more than a dozen self-driving companies have submitted listing applications or have been listed. It can be found that self-driving companies have ushered in a "capital feast". On January 5, 2024, Sagitar Juchuang was officially listed and became the "first share of lidar" in Hong Kong stocks. Since the second half of this year, such as Qi Chuxing, Black Sesame Smart, Horizon, etc. have been listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. The latest information shows that Youjia Innovation started its IPO on December 17, and plans to officially list on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange with "2341.HK" as the stock code on December 27.

With the help of many companies including autonomous driving companies, the amount of new share financing of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange has increased significantly this year. According to the data of Deloitte China, as of December 31st, 2024, it is estimated that 69 new shares will be raised in Hong Kong, which is about HK$ 87.6 billion. Compared with HK$ 46.3 billion raised by 70 new shares in 2023, the number of new shares decreased by 1%, while the total amount of financing increased by 89%. In 2024, while the mainland’s new stock market slowed down, more Chinese-funded enterprises went public in the United States and raised more funds. About 53 Chinese companies will raise $1.843 billion, compared with 34 companies raising $855 million in 2023. In 2024, China enterprises listed in the United States, Kykrypton, Wen Yuan Zhixing and Xiaoma Zhixing ranked in the top three.

Home is a harbor that carries people’s dreams and happiness. No matter how technology develops, in the final analysis, she should be a better and more quality synonym for the appearance of home.

With the main consumers in the market changing from the post-80s to the more personalized post-90s and post-00s,Household productsField,consuming behaviorWith the change, the consumer groups are also accelerating the refinement, from once focusing on the use of men, women, children, adults, etc., to today’s maternal and child series, secondary series and many other sub-fields, especially the high-intensity life pressure brought by the acceleration of the industry, users are paying more attention to whether products and services can be improved.quality of life. In other words, people pay more attention to the value thinking of internal needs. And this kind ofMarket consumption patternThe change also determines that enterprises can only adapt to the changes in consumer behavior if they seek innovation and change.

In fact, people’s requirements for household appliances, including washing machines and refrigerators, have changed from meeting basic needs in the past to improving the quality of life today, including the comprehensive upgrade of basic performance, aesthetic pleasure, convenient use, healthy life and happiness index, which makes people’s homes more fashionable and warm.

Let the service have more digital application of "temperature"

In the era of digital and intelligent popularization, people basically spend more than half of their time dealing with digitalization every day, which makes life more convenient and faster and becomes an indispensable existence. For example, after the digitalization of home appliances, users can perceive the real effect of the whole scene in advance, and then buy when they feel satisfied after the experience, and enterprises can also accurately understand the preferences of users, so as to better link the needs of sellers and buyers.

Undoubtedly, digitalization can make life more warm. In the era of users’ home, enterprises need consumer consumption, so they must cater to the market, carry out digital transformation, and seek innovation and change. Haier Zhijia has grasped the bull’s nose of digital development many years ago and implemented a comprehensive digital transformation.

It is the central logic of Haier Zhijia’s digital transformation to improve users’ ideal experience. As Xu Meng, vice president of Haier Zhijia and general manager of China District, said, within Haier Zhijia, a chain group organization was built around users, and at the same time, with the support of business model, the reform of the whole system was realized, that is to say, the whole link of users was opened, and the whole process links such as contact, interaction, transaction, delivery and word-of-mouth were made visible on the platform. Of course, after the digital transformation of Haier Zhijia, it has well met the real-time needs of users, made Haier’s service more temperature, and won competitiveness for its own development.

On the road of digital transformation, Haier Zhijia focuses on efficiency first. Through the four digital reconstructions of objectives, organizations, mechanisms and processes, the whole process of all employees focuses on the transformation from "enterprise digitalization" to "digital enterprise". For example, in terms of business, they upgrade their business model from offline to online mainly through digitalization of six platforms: customers, users, products, services, marketing and logistics, which improves the user experience and repurchase rate.

Of course, in addition to the digital upgrade at the front-end client, Haier Zhijia mainly puts the supply chain, logistics, production and materials on one platform to quickly respond to market demand. At present, all nodes have improved their efficiency through the digital lean manufacturing platform, and the accuracy of time series planning has increased to 85%, the hourly output has increased by 9.3% year-on-year, and the logistics loading efficiency of order delivery has increased by 30%. At the same time, all designers and R&D personnel understand the needs of users, the market’s views on current products and future trends on the platform, and then develop a new SKU (inventory unit) which is more accurate and efficient.

It can be seen that, driven by the changes of the times and the transformation of consumption, the systematic logic of Haier Zhijia’s entire commercial circulation forces the enterprise’s business model to make subversive changes for users, from the previous business logic of ToB to all ecological and cooperative partners and channel providers to build a complete link of ideal whole-process experience around the needs of users. Haier Zhijia has accelerated into the user era.

Let a home realize a "differentiated" new experience around users.

For the home furnishing industry, how to seek change and innovation? In fact, the focus still needs to fall on the core factor of "users", so that users can feel the warmth of home and have a new sense of experience.

Nowadays, users have become the market leader, but there is a phenomenon: users don’t know exactly what they want or need, and many of their needs, such as the additional functions of household appliances in addition to their own basic functions, are actually created by the market.

From this point of view, the iterative upgrade of products should be ahead of consumers. That is to say, in the process of product research and development, enterprises need to pay more attention to the improvement of quality of life brought by products, rather than low-end products, under the premise of combining national policies and matching corresponding resources, and finally create differentiated products that users are willing to pay for. These products must be able to bring users life feelings and enjoyment that they did not have in the past.

For example, Haier Zhijia will show a casarte flat-embedded refrigerator on AWE this year, which can be beautifully embedded in the cupboard, beautiful and atmospheric, and also effectively saves the kitchen space. It really realizes the integration of home appliances and home improvement through the front of home appliances, which realizes the experience and feeling that the refrigerator did not bring in the past.

On the other hand, the consumer groups have become more personalized after 90 s and 00 s, and they have changed from the differences in the use of people who once paid attention to it to many sub-sectors such as maternal and child series and secondary series today, so the market needs to be re-laid.

For example, Haier Zhijia’s three-level brand strategy of "high-end brand, scene brand and ecological brand" has opened up a new track from products, scenes to ecology. It can be said that the strategic landing of Haier Zhijia’s third-class brand conforms to the trend of contemporary users’ consumption concept of "thousands of people". Xu Meng said that by arranging the brand matrix of super-high-end Fisher & Paykel, high-end casarte, Volkswagen Haier and Young leader, we can find suitable product solutions for different groups, better meet the consumption behavior of different groups and better adapt to the current consumption stratification.

After meeting the needs of different users, Haier Zhijia also has a deep insight into the new consumption concept of the Z generation youth in the family field. Compared with the former consumption concept of "I will buy whatever the enterprise produces", contemporary young people pay more attention to the phenomenon of solutions and lifestyles. It is often difficult to make their consumption land only by using products. At the same time, their consumption concept is just one stop at a time, and time is more important than money. Therefore, through the landing of the smart home scene brand, Haier Zhijia provides a new life with higher quality, convenience and wisdom, which is no longer a commodity, but a solution covering home improvement, home, home appliances and home life.

In addition to satisfying users and reassuring them, the distance between enterprises and users is also an important success or failure point in today’s market. However, Haier Zhijia has changed people looking for goods in the past into people looking for goods today. For example, offline casarte is entering the shopping mall in an all-round way, and it is not a traditional household appliance, but a scene experience of a high-end lifestyle jointly built with the ecological side, and such a "differentiated" smart life experience is constantly entering the families of millions of users.

When night falls, the lights are dim, and the sleep mode of smart home is quietly started. Curtains are automatically closed, the ambient temperature is automatically adjusted, the mattress senses the body posture, and the height and hardness of the pillow are automatically adjusted, so that the human body can get ideal comfort and support. The speaker on the bedside table will play soft music, which will make people fall asleep gradually. When the human body enters deep sleep, it automatically adjusts the volume to keep a quiet sleeping environment … This has been the daily life of Haier Zhijia users.

The effective implementation of Haier Zhijia’s "three-level brand strategy" has met the practical needs of users’ consumption behavior changes to a certain extent, which is a gospel for users. From this aspect, Haier Zhijia has always been guided by the needs of users, that is, "user-centered" strategic layout, promoting enterprise reform and improving the quality of users’ consumption every time.

Today, people’s home life is moving towards wisdom; What will it be like tomorrow? Perhaps, as Xu Meng said, it is to provide users with clothing, food, shelter, entertainment and smart life scenes, and feel the happiness of thousands of people!

In the era of smart life, how can innovative technology empower space? How can user needs be realized? How does the smart lifestyle continue to evolve? Haier Zhijia follows the needs of users with innovation, accurately grasps the industry trend and has insight into the next decade. At 18: 30 on April 27th, Haier Zhijia once again joined hands with AWE to start a smart life and look to the future-Haier Zhijia X36 "See 2033" joint theme live broadcast, inviting thousands of users to enter Haier Smart Life Experience Field together, so stay tuned!

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　　CCTV News:"Hangzhou released" WeChat WeChat official account news, from 22: 00 on December 2 to 11: 00 on December 3, 62 asymptomatic Covid-19 infections were newly found in Hangzhou, 25 cases were found by bayonet interception, 18 cases were found by centralized isolation, 14 cases were found by home isolation, 4 cases were found by community screening and 1 case was found by unit screening.

　　At 22: 00-24: 00 on December 2, 17 asymptomatic cases were newly infected in Covid-19.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 174: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 60 reported on December 1st.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 175: Close contact and centralized isolation of positive infected people from other cities.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 176: people exposed in epidemic-related places were found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 177: a migrant from Hangzhou, whose current address is Fengting on the waterfront in Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 178-179: Hangzhou people from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 180: the exposed person in the epidemic-related site, whose current address is North Luomaying Community in Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 181: Hangzhou personnel from outside the province, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 182: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place, whose current address is No.95 Chunchao Road, Xiaoshan District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 183: the exposed person in the epidemic-related site, whose current address is Jiubao Jiayuan in Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 184: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place was found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 185: Hangzhou personnel from outside the province, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 186: people exposed in epidemic-related places were found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 187-189: Hangzhou people from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 190: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 5 reported on November 27th.

　　From 00: 00 to 11: 00 on December 2nd, 45 asymptomatic cases of Covid-19 were newly infected.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 1: People from other places in Hangzhou province, found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 2: truck driver from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected persons 3: The close contact of asymptomatic infected persons 159 and 160 reported on December 2 was found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 4: truck driver from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 5-6: Hangzhou people from outside the province, intercepted by bayonet.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 7: The exposed person in the epidemic-related site, whose current address is Shangcheng St. Austrian Lingyu, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected persons reported on 8: 12: 01, and 94 asymptomatic infected persons were found in close contact and centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 9: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place, whose current address is Babao Jiayuan in Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 10: The current address is No.1, Hexia, Baoan Bridge, Shangcheng District, which was found by community screening.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 11: people from Hangzhou outside the province, found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 12: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 7 reported on December 3 were found.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 13: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 15 reported on November 29th.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 14: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place, whose current address is No.90, Mashi Street, Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 15: People from other places in Hangzhou province, found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 16: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 76 reported on December 2.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 17: Returned to Hangzhou from outside the province, whose current address is Chaijiawu Village, Linping District, and found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 18: Returned to Hangzhou from outside the province, whose current address is Chunhuiju, Mingcui Taoyuan, Fuyang District, and found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 19: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place, whose current address is Biyuntian Garden, Lvdu Lakeside Garden, Xiaoshan District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 20-21: Hangzhou people from outside the province, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 22-24: truck driver from other provinces, intercepted by bayonet.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 25: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 1 reported on December 1.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 26-27: Hangzhou people from outside the province, intercepted by bayonet.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 28: the exposed person in the epidemic-related site, whose current address is Sancun Village, Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 29: the exposed person in the epidemic-related place, whose current address is Beiyuan, Gefan Jiayuan, Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 30: the exposed person in the epidemic-related site, whose current address is Sancun Village, Shangcheng District, was found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 31: truck driver from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 32: Close contact and centralized isolation of asymptomatic infected person 10 reported on November 29th.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 33: The current address is Qiancun Village, Wu Shan, Yuhang District, and the unit screening found it.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 34: people from Hangzhou outside the province, found in centralized isolation.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 35: a migrant from Hangzhou, whose current address is  Boao New Century Mingdu Hotel, Xiaoshan District. The community screening found it.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 36: Returned to Hangzhou from outside the province, whose current address is Caogongtang, Lianyi Village, Xiaoshan District, and was found by community screening.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 37-40: Hangzhou people from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 41: Returned to Hangzhou from outside the province, now living in Modern Chopin, Fuyang District, and found in isolation at home.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 42: The current address is Hengtang Village, Lin ‘an District, which was found by community screening.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 43-44: Hangzhou people from other provinces, found by bayonet interception.

　　Asymptomatic infected person 45: people exposed in epidemic-related places are found in centralized isolation.

　　At present, the above personnel have been closed-loop transported to designated hospitals for isolation, and the situation is stable.

　　It is hoped that the general public will actively cooperate with the epidemic prevention and control work, consciously improve their health literacy and self-protection ability, cooperate with risk investigation, nucleic acid detection and other prevention and control measures, and maintain their awareness of self-health management.

　　Wang Dianming, General Manager of FAW Car Sales Company, was interviewed by Sina.com.

　　Moderator: Hello, netizens and friends. Today, we are honored to invite Mr. Wang Dianming, the general manager of FAW Car Sales Company. We will give him an exclusive interview and ask him to give us a detailed introduction on the development of Hongqi brand and Hongqi car, which everyone cares about. Now our exclusive interview officially begins. Hello, Mr. Wang, welcome to Sina for an interview.

　　Wang Dianming: Thank you.

　　Moderator: FAW Car has a big news hot spot, that is, it cooperates with Mazda Company to produce mazda 6. Many people are very concerned about this project in mazda 6, so many people want to know what the future development path, development trend and status of Hongqi are, which are the concerns of many netizens. Many people are concerned about the future of Hongqi, a car with a long history, national characteristics and special political color, so today’s topic is mainly about this. We have noticed that Hongqi has launched a new navigator car this time. Can you give us an introduction about this car?

　　Wang Dianming: First of all, I am very grateful to the netizens for their concern about Hongqi Car. Especially on the first day of the opening of Shanghai Automobile Expo today, I am very happy and grateful to meet with the netizens on Sina. com to discuss the reality and future development of Hongqi Car brand. Just now, you mentioned that FAW Car introduced the product mazda 6 to the market in April this year. In other words, FAW Car has entered the dual-stage stage stage since January this year. After mazda 6 was put on the market, it should be said that it caused a very big response, and people called it Mazda phenomenon. In this case, people may pay more attention to the red flag.

　　As you said, the Red Flag car is a car with political color and a long history in China. People have great expectations for it and have deep feelings, so we are really moved by this. FAW Car, as the birthplace of China car industry and the cradle of China car, ended the history that China couldn’t produce cars in the past, and launched Hongqi Car, which was considered as one of the four largest cars in the world at that time. I think the existence of history puts forward a very important topic and shoulders a great responsibility for us today. This time, we launched a red flag pilot at the exhibition. In fact, we feel that we, as the red flag people of FAW, have made such a car that can reflect the brand image of the red flag as expected by users through our efforts. So we launched this car, which should be said to have attracted a lot of attention at the exhibition. In fact, it embodies the current red flag brand and the responsibility of maintaining the brand. For example, some people describe this car as having several characteristics. First, it is the longest car in China, which is longer than Audi A8 and so on. In addition, the configuration is relatively complete, and the internal configuration, including tri-band VCD, internal configuration and so on, is relatively complete; In addition, it is sold according to the order, not everyone who buys it sells it, but according to the user’s order. I think this should be of great significance to embodying the image of the red flag.

　　Moderator: I read the report that this model is 5.8 meters long, which is really long. Now there is such a problem. The price of Hongqi car has been from 150,000 yuan to 160,000 yuan, and the span is very large. This is very rare in the same brand and such a large market price space. So I don’t know the whole brand positioning and market positioning of Hongqi here. How do we grasp it here?

　　Wang Dianming: Actually, this is also very simple, that is, FAW Car pursues the concept of customer first and produces our products according to the needs of users. Hongqi car has a specific connotation. In the past, it was an official car, and it went from an official car to ordinary people’s families. From this perspective, most of the people who bought Hongqi cars were elites, successful people, outstanding elements in various fields of life today, or some leaders. We should meet the needs of users in different areas for Hongqi cars.

　　Moderator: Can we understand that the Red Flag brand covers three classes, one is high-level, that is, high-end commercial vehicles; Then there is the middle and high-end business car; Then there are some products facing the consumer level?

　　Wang Dianming: Probably, this is the architecture system of Hongqi brand. In this architecture system, like Hongqi flagship, the leader, Century Star and Mingshi are all sub-brands in the architecture system. Some of these sub-brands belong to brand builders and some belong to brand users. For example, Hongqi flagship, the leader of Hongqi’s launch this time, is to build Hongqi brand. Through its product technical content, its manufacturing technology and its configuration, For example, Red Flag Century Star and Red Flag Celebrities are sub-brands, which can promote the expansion of its market share through the influence of this big brand to meet some needs of social elites in these two fields.

　　Moderator: So, do we have some in-depth considerations on the specific brand segmentation positioning and product segmentation positioning? That is to say, Red Flag is our general brand, so just now it covers a wide range of market segments. In fact, every product has to target its market segments. Are we equal to having a market system created by a brand?

　　Wang Dianming: Yes, first, we should pay attention to the influence of Hongqi brand, and we should consider the needs of both high-level people and others. Secondly, from the cultural point of view, from the cultural trend of China, it can reflect these people’s own value in the process of career development and their social status. In addition, it can be added that the brand positioning of Hongqi, because it has independent intellectual property rights, can develop independent products, which shows that Hongqi car has the manufacturing strength and technology development ability to meet the needs of elites in these fields.

　　Moderator: The construction of a brand is inseparable from products and services, but almost all automobile products put services in a very important position, so how does Hongqi understand the word service?

　　Wang Dianming: I think so. In today’s market, the automobile market is very fierce, and the price competition of products is also very fierce. However, with the continuous development of the automobile market, the competition of products is becoming more and more similar, and the difference is getting smaller and smaller. The price competition is also limited. The profit space of enterprises and the profit in the field of intermediate sales and services are also limited, so it should gradually transition to the competition of services, and the competition of customers is the competition of products. Especially after we joined the WTO last year, it should be said that the requirements in the service field should be in line with international standards. It was also last year that our FAW Car launched a service project and put forward such a requirement of butler service throughout the country.

　　Moderator: What is butler service?

　　Wang Dianming: Butler service means that users just drive and we will serve. A sublimation of family service and active service is responsible to users. The meaning of the word "housekeeper" means that we should not only think of what the owner has thought, but also think of what the owner has not thought. We regard the user as the owner, and we regard it as the housekeeper. Last year, we opened a service department, and we recruited 50 people with good cultural quality, accounting for one-fifth of the head office. It is rare for any automobile brand to have such a large customer service staff. In addition, we lowered the price and adjusted it moderately. Thirdly, we especially pointed out that the first maintenance was 7,500 kilometers, and the first maintenance was free. Now it is from 750 kilometers to 25,000 kilometers. Every other 7,500 public vehicles will be maintained, from once to four times, and the car will be examined every time. Because the car system in our country has not been implemented, our behavior is the embodiment of being responsible to users. There are also free medical examinations for users to go home, as we did last year. These are all connotations of butler service. The headquarters allocated more than 1 million yuan for free car maintenance. In the past, it always encountered quality problems. In the past, it tried not to compensate when it was possible to compensate, but now it is possible to compensate if it is compensable. This is also the concept of Red Flag.

　　Moderator: Hongqi has invested so much in services. What do you think of the relationship between services and products?

　　Wang Dianming: With the increasingly fierce market, the competition for services is becoming more and more important. It is also an industry that sells services. If your service is good, there will be more repeat customers, and you will have a market, you will be efficient. Some people say what is an enterprise’s asset? I said that in a certain sense, customers are your assets. Because you have customers, you have a market, and only when you have a market can you have products, and only when you have products can you drive the whole business and production. So we did it in vain. For example, when Czech Leopard Company, a well-known research company in the Asia-Pacific region, surveyed companies in the automobile field in China last year, this company was a very authoritative company, and published some data. Our sales service ranked second among 16 brands, which was not easy. The satisfaction of service among 16 brands rose from 13 to 7, which was a great increase. I think users will recognize you as long as you show care and concern for them.

　　Moderator: With the launch of Mazda M6, there is a view that people are not only worried that the brand Hongqi will be put aside, but mainly produces this model of mazda 6. Many people are not clear about the development trend of Hongqi, but are very concerned about it. So, as a domestic brand with decades of history, what plans and ideas does Hongqi have for sustainable development?

　　Wang Dianming: This question is very realistic. First of all, I need to be clear about the FAW people. FAW broke ground in 53 years and was completed and put into production in 56 years. This July is 50 years. What is the value of the long and short historical process that FAW has gone through in the past 50 years? The first is to liberate the brand; The second is the red flag brand. The value of FAW is Jiefang brand, Hongqi brand, and the value of FAW people is also Hongqi brand and Jiefang brand. The reason why FAW can negotiate with international multinational companies on an equal footing in the extremely fierce market competition lies in the value of Hongqi brand and Jiefang brand. Therefore, Hongqi brand and Jiefang brand are the roots of FAW, and we can’t lose our roots in anything we do, and we can’t forget the value that Hongqi brand and Jiefang brand bring to FAW.

　　FAW Car cooperated with Japanese Mazda Company to produce mazda 6. It should be said that this is a normal manifestation of technical cooperation between multinational companies, such as internationalization of domestic market and economic globalization after China’s entry into WTO. We also want to continuously improve, expand and supplement the technology of FAW Car through the launch of this product with mazda 6 and cooperation with Japanese Mazda Company. We want to produce Hongqi Car, but we don’t rule out producing other brands of cars. And in the process of cooperation, we can complement each other in many ways. For example, some of their advanced production technologies, advanced management platforms and advanced management ideas, as well as our joint cooperation with them and the introduction of new marketing ideas in combination with the actual situation in China, of course, learning from the introduction of some of their technical platforms is not excluded here. Therefore, according to the idea that FAW Car, a national brand, is open to development, and we should learn from others, this kind of economic and technical cooperation should be normal, and it will not affect the future development of Hongqi brand.

　　Moderator: In your talk just now, the word technology was mentioned many times. Yes, technology is now emphasized as a very core issue in China automobile industry. I think the same technical issue is also a core issue that Hongqi must deal with well. Then, can you tell us what considerations Hongqi has in technology development and technology application?

　　Wang Dianming: This issue should be a comprehensive factor. The production technology covers a wide range, but I can generally say that China car has gone for 45 years, so Red Flag car has developed from scratch to now, and the whole technical content has been greatly improved. In the past, everyone knew that the red flag car was a car knocked out manually, but people were driving a big red flag. Indeed, according to the requirements of the current technology, we still have a certain gap, but after all, it represents the car made in that era, and it was a very advanced car at that time. So now we have launched a series of products, such as Little Red Flag Car and Century Star, whose technical platform has been greatly improved, because its manufacturing platform is the platform of Audi 100, which was also relatively advanced at the time of research and development. It is precisely because of this platform that we can develop the original Red Flag Celebrities Series, Century Star Series and Polar Star Series. We will speed up cooperation with international companies and introduce higher technology. And I think this work is in the midst of intense work. I tell you, it will keep some genes of many people’s imagined big red flag, and keep its genes. We will make the recognition of FAW Hongqi sedan and the recognition of its brand value by the majority of users get rich returns.

　　Moderator: This is really good news for the vast number of users. Let’s go back to the cooperation project with Mazda. Is it due to the consideration of capital operation and whether there are any factors in this regard? It is the introduction of foreign models to achieve good sales performance to obtain more funds, which also involves the issue of capital operation.

　　Wang Dianming: This question is answered from two aspects. The operating performance of the First Hongqi sedan in the past two years is also excellent. It is not that the market image of Hongqi sedan is not good and the market performance is not good, but it is good. For example, last year, we made three breakthroughs. To put it bluntly, we set a historical record, with the highest sales record reaching more than 26,600 cars. Hongqi cars never exceeded 20,000 cars. It was very, very difficult to achieve this achievement last year. In the first quarter of this year, we broke through the first quarter of the same period every three months, and sold more than 7,800 cars in the first quarter of this year. It is easy to break through 30,000 cars this year according to this progress. However, we don’t just pursue numbers, but do a good job in pre-sale and after-sale services. At present, Hongqi sedan has a very good evaluation in the industry, and everyone can see our performance from last year’s bulletin (because FAW is a listed company). Mazda, as I said just now, is a supplement to Hongqi car.

　　Moderator: As a listed company, what about FAW’s stock?

　　Wang Dianming: Yes, it rose from more than 4 yuan to more than 10 yuan.

　　Moderator: First of all, congratulations.

　　Wang Dianming: I am very happy to see the stock climb. Why? In recent years, the requirements of the securities market have become more and more strict, which is well known to all. The requirements have become more and more strict and the operation has become more and more standardized, that is, the operation of the securities and stock markets has become more and more in line with the laws of China’s market economy.

　　Moderator: And it is becoming more and more standardized.

　　Wang Dianming: It is becoming more and more standardized. In this case, the stock of FAW keeps rising, which I believe is not only a good thing, but also the vast number of users and consumers are full of confidence in the future when they see the performance of FAW.

　　Moderator: It is good news for investors and potential buyers of FAW.

　　Wang Dianming: That is, they have seen the reality of FAW Car and are full of confidence in the future. I always feel that we should trust the judgment of investors, because they have been tossing and turning over these years, and they are getting smarter and smarter, and their judgment on the market is getting closer and closer to the market.

　　Moderator: We just talked about Hongqi’s market strategy, Hongqi’s products, talents accumulated by Hongqi, business philosophy and service concept, as well as platform, technology, capital and capital operation. So, among these many operational elements, what is the core competitiveness of FAW Car as an enterprise?

　　Wang Dianming: When it comes to the core competitiveness of enterprises, it should be said that it is also a major factor, including development, platform, manufacturing, technology, human resources, system management, including system capabilities, and services.

　　Moderator: It is a comprehensive system combining software and hardware.

　　Wang Dianming: But I think with the development of car economy, brand should be the core factor of many factors. There are certain differences between Hongqi brand and other brands. There is no doubt that there are commonness and individuality between brands. Hongqi car has always been regarded as a car for national leaders and a car for citizens. Then when we develop, build and use this brand, we should also consider that it is the backbone and social elite in social and economic life, and these leaders equip them with cars, so brand building is very important. To this end, we have also done a lot of work, such as just now we said to launch the leader and expand the market share, because these aspects are complementary to each other. I want to have the image of the market, the image of the brand, and the market share at the same time. They are mutually supportive. For example, in order to build this brand, we launched the flagship, which is the builder of the brand, the leader of the red flag, and also the builder of the brand. Then we also launched the Red Flag World from 2000. The first generation of Mingshi, the second generation of Mingshi, and the third generation of Mingshi, including the son of Red Flag Century Star 2.4 Jufeng in March, and we will launch upgraded and improved products one after another in June. We have been working hard for the brand Hongqi and building the core content of enterprise competitiveness.

　　Compere: The core competitiveness of an enterprise will ultimately be reflected in its products. Finally, I would like to ask you to talk about what new products will be launched by Hongqi in the future and what kind of plans are there for new product development, which are also of great concern to the users and consumers of Hongqi.

　　Wang Dianming: It can be said that we are stepping up our work on the planning of Hongqi products.

　　Moderator: Can you give us some information?

　　Wang Dianming: As we have said before, we are developing a car with red flag DNA that is more in line with the needs of the red flag group, and this research and development is in progress. At present, we are also constantly meeting the needs of users. For example, we launched three models of celebrities and the son of Jufeng this year, and we will soon launch the Red Flag Pilot, as well as other products. For example, we have also launched other products to give you a message and confidence that FAW Hongqi people will not live up to the expectations of netizens and users, and we will constantly improve our product series and launch new products with the fastest speed.

　　Moderator: Thank you. I think the vast number of netizens will definitely have more understanding and knowledge of Hongqi Car, Hongqi Car and FAW Car when they see our exclusive interview with you, and at the same time, they will also strengthen their confidence in national brands and national brands in the automobile industry.

　　Wang Dianming: I hope that our automobile manufacturers, sales fields and users will care about national brands together. I think the red flag is not only the red flag of our FAW, but also the red flag of the Chinese nation, users and netizens.

　　Moderator: Thank you, thank you for accepting our interview.

　　Why is it so uncomfortable to buy a comfortable sofa?

　　Sofa is an essential leisure and relaxation furniture. Such a thing was originally for comfort, but it happened to be in trouble.

　　One is to extract the sofa bought six years ago, and the merchant gives a storage fee of more than 30,000 yuan; One is the sofa that I fancy the day before, and I paid for it. The next day, the merchant called and said that the price was marked wrong, so I had to make up the money … …

　　In 2010, Ms. Yang, a citizen of Chengdu, bought a set of sofas in Bainian Home Plaza. Because her house was leaking at that time, she decided not to let the merchants deliver the goods for the time being. A few years passed, and in May this year, when Ms. Yang was decorating another suite, she remembered this sofa that had not been delivered. But when she contacted the merchant to deliver the goods, she was told that she had to pay more than 30,000 yuan in inventory late fees. This made Ms. Yang very puzzled: "I didn’t see where the goods were, and where did the inventory late payment fee come from?"

　　The inventory late payment fee in Ms. Yang’s mouth is actually a storage fee that needs to be paid for overdue delivery. The sofa merchant said that this fee is charged according to the "five thousandths of the order amount" indicated on the order.

　　Customer: after 6 years, the delivery will be made, and the merchant will pay a storage fee of 30 thousand yuan.

　　In January 2010, Ms. Yang bought a set of 7,020 yuan sofas at Gujia Furniture of Kehua Store in Haobainian Home Plaza, and paid a deposit of 3,500 yuan three times on January 17, 2010 and November 14, 2011 respectively. The delivery and delivery time agreed in the order form is December 2012. "In 2012, when they called to prepare for delivery, my house was leaking, so we asked them not to deliver it for the time being." Ms. Yang said that at that time, the problem of water leakage in the renovation of old houses was not solved, so the delivery was delayed. After that, the merchants have never contacted them.

　　After more than three years, Ms. Yang bought another suite. Until the beginning of May this year, she remembered that the sofa she had bought before had not been delivered, so she called the merchant to ask for delivery to the new house. "At first, because I didn’t find the order, the merchant refused to inquire and deliver the goods." In desperation, Ms. Yang and her mother searched around and finally found the order form at that time last week and found the merchant again. "Through the order form, after the merchant inquired, he said that the goods had been delivered and that the sofa we wanted had long been out of stock." Ms. Yang is very puzzled. The balance has not been paid, and we have not received the goods. How can it be "delivered"?

　　Therefore, Ms. Yang asked the merchant to refund the money, but she was rejected. Subsequently, she called 12315 to make a complaint. After that, the merchant told her that the sofa was available, but she needed to settle the balance and pay the storage fee of more than 30,000 yuan generated in recent years. After learning this result, Ms. Yang was very angry. "They don’t have any goods. Where did they get the storage fee?"

　　Ms. Yang said that now she doesn’t want a sofa any more, just want to get the deposit back. "If the negotiation is not good, the next step is not to rule out prosecution through legal channels."

　　Merchant: The storage fee is calculated by the day according to the agreement in the order.

　　On the afternoon of May 30th, the reporter from Chengdu Business Daily came to Gujia Furniture Store where Ms. Yang bought the sofa. Chen Dexue, the salesperson in charge of assisting in handling this matter, said that because the customer did not take the initiative to contact the merchant for delivery, there was no contact without knowing when the customer needed the goods. Regarding the existence of the goods that Ms. Yang suspected, Chen Dexue explained that the initial inquiry that the sofa purchased by Ms. Yang had been delivered was caused by a system error. Later, it was confirmed by the company headquarters that there was no delivery, so she proposed to Ms. Yang to settle the balance and deliver the goods.

　　"But Ms. Yang’s family disagreed and asked for a refund." Chen Dexue said that when Ms. Yang paid the deposit, the merchant had already placed an order for the production of sofas with the manufacturer, and it has been kept in the warehouse at present. Because Ms. Yang has not picked up the goods for a long time, it is possible that this sofa will be moved to other customers halfway, but considering that Ms. Yang may ask for a sofa at any time, she will replenish this sofa in the warehouse in time.

　　Then, Chen Dexue showed the reporter a copy of Ms. Yang’s purchase order, which clearly stated that the sofa was a special commodity and would not be returned or exchanged. As for the storage fee of more than 30,000 yuan mentioned by Ms. Yang, the company only collects it according to the order. "The order clearly indicates that the balance will be paid before delivery. If the goods are not delivered within two weeks, the storage fee will be charged at five thousandths of the total order."

　　Chen Dexue said that since the order did not specify whether the five thousandths of the fee was calculated by day, month or year, the company informed him to calculate by day first, so that the delivery should be made in December 2012 according to the agreement, so from 2013 until now, the accumulated "storage fee" was about 30,000 yuan.

　　12315: If the coordination is unsuccessful, judicial channels can be taken.

　　Subsequently, the Chengdu Business Daily reporter found the market supervision office of the sub-district office of the South Railway Station. The staff member Cai Yun told the reporter that she had just taken over the 12315 complaint incident that day. Last week, relevant personnel had mediated Ms. Yang’s mother and representatives of Gujia Furniture, but the mediation was not successful. If the final mediation is unsuccessful, it is suggested that both parties can apply for arbitration or bring a lawsuit to the court.

　　Lawyer’s statement

　　Should the storage fee be charged?

　　How much should I charge?

　　It takes six years for the order to be delivered. Should the merchant charge a storage fee? In this regard, Chengdu Business Daily reporter interviewed relevant lawyers.

　　Liu Xiu, a lawyer of Taihetai Law Firm, said that Ms. Yang’s purchase order is equivalent to a sales contract. According to the agreement in the order, it is reasonable for the merchant to ask the customer to pay the storage fee. Since there is no agreed time, it should usually be calculated based on the order amount. That is to say, five thousandths of 7020 yuan, or 35.1 yuan, is charged as the storage fee. If the storage time is long, resulting in higher costs, the merchant can file a lawsuit with the court to increase the storage fee.

　　Liu Xiu said that Ms. Yang did not settle the balance within the agreed time, and it was a breach of contract to fail to deliver the goods within the time limit, and the merchant did not breach the contract, so she could not return the deposit.

　　Bi Mingxiong, a lawyer of Sichuan Ruiding Law Firm, said that merchants should not charge storage fees. He believes that the goods purchased by Ms. Yang belong to ordinary furniture, not customized furniture with special requirements. The ownership of the goods has not been transferred before handover, and it still belongs to the merchant. Therefore, despite the agreement in the order, the storage fee should not be charged. Even if you want to accept it, you can only accept five thousandths of the order amount. "The order doesn’t say how much it is per day, and the literal meaning is very clear. All storage fees should be only five thousandths of the order amount."

　　Chengdu Business Daily reporter Zhang Zhaoting

　　[car home industry]　　In the movie "shaolin soccer", A Xing, omega supreme’s leg, played by Stephen Chow, looked up and muttered "I feel that they are all back" when he saw your other disciples find their state and kill the quartet. At the beginning of this month, when some car companies announced the sales volume in April first, the reaction of the outside world was the same as A Xing’s. They thought that all car companies had recovered their status and the China auto market had returned to that era full of growth.

　　However, contrary to expectations, the beauty of the past is only suitable for recollection, and it is difficult to find it back.

　　According to car home’s incomplete statistics, 24 car companies have released April sales data, of which 11 companies still cannot achieve positive sales growth year-on-year; From the perspective of cumulative sales in 2020, only one company, FAW Hongqi, can achieve positive year-on-year sales growth from January to April, and the cumulative sales of "head car companies" such as SAIC Volkswagen, SAIC GM and SAIC-GM-Wuling have dropped by as much as 50.4%, 47.7% and 46.7% respectively.

　　Next, let’s comment on the sales performance of car companies in April.

Joint venture car companies: What about good retaliatory consumption?

　　Looking at the sales performance of joint venture car companies in April, it is not difficult to find that the legendary "retaliatory consumption" has not arrived. Among the 11 joint venture car companies, only 5 can achieve positive growth in April. Unfortunately, SAIC Volkswagen and SAIC-GM, the former sales overlords, are not among them.

　　As a resident player of Top 3 in China passenger car market, SAIC-GM achieved 110,002 vehicles in April, down 12.4% year-on-year, and its sales volume was lower than that of SAIC-Volkswagen, SAIC-GM Wuling and Changan Automobile. Before FAW-Volkswagen announced its sales volume, SAIC-GM had already lost the top three.

"Pioneer"

　　According to Shi Hong, deputy general manager of SAIC-GM and general manager of SAIC-GM Sales Company, from February to March in 2020, SAIC-GM devoted all its energy to supporting dealers, and began to officially rush sales in April. Like other car companies, SAIC-GM also regards product offensive as the biggest magic weapon to rush sales. According to statistics, in April alone, the company launched seven new cars through "cloud listing", including many heavy models such as Pioneer and Cadillac CT4.

　　In fact, for SAIC-GM, the biggest change in 2020 is not the product offensive or the organizational structure, but that this enterprise has finally abandoned the radical "all-in-one three-cylinder strategy". In April, the new Yinglang, the new Ke Lu Ze and other previous "all-in-one three-cylinder" models all launched four-cylinder engine versions. Giving up "persuasion" and catering to China consumers is the hope of SAIC-GM in 2020.

　　For Changan Ford, which has been trying to revive, it is not easy to sell 20,465 new cars in April and achieve a positive growth of 38.3% year-on-year. We should know that according to the statistical caliber of Changan Automobile, Changan Ford achieved positive sales growth in only one month (December) in 2019, but after entering 2020, the company has achieved positive growth twice in January and April, which has given Changan Ford a shot in the arm.

　　Since October 2018, in order to reverse the unfavorable situation in China, Ford Motor Co., Ltd. has not started to improve its position in the China market, and has listed the China market and the North American market as the company’s two core markets. Ford China directly reports to the global headquarters; Since then, Chen Anning, a veteran, has been appointed as Vice President of Ford Motor Company Group and President and CEO of Ford Motor Company China.

『(|)』

　　In September, 2019, Ford Motor Company set up a research institute for Changan Ford to enhance its R&D capability, accelerate product upgrading and intelligent manufacturing level, and launch a revival offensive with products that are more in line with China consumers’ aesthetic and usage preferences. In the "acceleration plan" announced at that time, Changan Ford will launch more than 18 new products in the middle of 2019 -2021, including 5 new energy vehicles.

　　From the perspective of sales in April 2020, Changan Ford’s self-help did work. Ruiji, which was just launched by this company at the end of 2019, surpassed Fox and Forex in April and became the "new thigh" of Changan Ford’s sales. The first model launched in the "acceleration plan" has achieved such results. After the sixth generation of explorers went on the market in June and the product offensive was officially rolled out, Changan Ford is very hopeful to turn around the crisis in 2020.

Mazda CX-30

　　Changan Mazda sold 11,761 vehicles in April, a year-on-year increase of 36.8%. Unlike Mazda’s overseas painting style of "not pushing a new car for two years", Changan Mazda’s heavy product Mazda CX-30 has now started pre-sale and will be listed on May 28th. For Changan Mazda, whose product line is relatively thin and new products are launched slowly, the sales performance of Mazda CX-30 will directly determine the future development pattern of this enterprise.

China car companies: the red flag won glory this time.

　　As of press time, a total of nine China auto companies announced their sales results in April, among which five companies’ sales increased year-on-year, and the overall situation was still optimistic.

　　In April, SAIC-GM-Wuling won the second place in China passenger car market, only selling 200 cars less than SAIC-Volkswagen. Strangely enough, while other companies were growing month-on-month, the sales volume of SAIC-GM-Wuling declined month-on-month. From this point of view, this company may have got rid of the impact of the epidemic.

　　Although the sales volume has achieved continuous positive year-on-year growth, SAIC-GM-Wuling has also made a lot of "blood" for this. It is reported that in order to stimulate automobile consumption, SAIC-GM-Wuling launched a total of 2 billion yuan in car purchase subsidies twice in February-April, covering all its models such as commercial vehicles, special vehicles, passenger cars and new energy vehicles; During the "May 1" period, this enterprise issued another 1.5 billion yuan travel coupons. When many enterprises reduced their costs by means of "salary reduction and layoffs", SAIC-GM-Wuling’s "retrograde" was full of enthusiasm.

　　In order to further increase sales, SAIC-GM-Wuling also planned a product offensive. It is understood that the company will launch 10 new cars in 2020, of which 6 are brand-new models and 4 are new models; Wuling brand will also launch a brand-new brand strategic plan during the year. Perhaps the end of 2020 is the most fair and objective time to evaluate the sales performance of SAIC-GM-Wuling.

　　BYD achieved sales of 31,809 vehicles in April, a year-on-year decrease of 15.9%; From January to April, the cumulative sales volume was 93,082 vehicles, a year-on-year decrease of 40.1%. Although the sales target for 2020 has not yet been announced, it is not easy for BYD to maintain the year-on-year sales even in terms of current sales results.

"Han"

　　In terms of sales structure, BYD sold 18,814 fuel vehicles in April, a year-on-year increase of 36%; 12,995 new energy vehicles were sold, down 45.9% compared with the same period last year. For BYD, the biggest attraction in 2020 is the upcoming listing in June, equipped with self-developed Ferrous lithium phosphate blade battery technology, BYD DiPilot intelligent driver assistance system and DiLink 3.0 intelligent network connection system.

　　For this car, BYD executives are very confident. Zhao Changjiang, general manager of BYD Auto Sales Co., Ltd. even publicly published on social media such remarks as "Tesla’s card is finished, it’s our turn to play" and "Han has surpassed Tesla in acceleration, battery life and charging speed, and in addition, the assisted driving is at the same level". However, under the introduction of the new subsidy policy and the price drop of Model 3, Han, who has not yet been listed, is indeed facing no small challenge. Whether this car can finally break through the interception of Model 3 and lead BYD to find its state remains to be tested by the market.

　　For an old brand with a new face, FAW Hongqi’s recent sales performance is excellent. In April, the company’s sales reached 14,500 vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 168%; From January to April, the cumulative sales volume exceeded 39,500 vehicles, and it was the only company (as of press time) that achieved positive growth in cumulative sales volume from January to April. In this regard, Hongqi did win glory for China brand.

Red Flag H9

　　However, it must be admitted that the reason why the cumulative sales volume increased year-on-year was also caused by the low sales base of FAW Hongqi. In addition, despite the rapid sales growth of this company, it has only completed one-fifth of its sales target of 200,000 vehicles so far, and 2020 is still full of pressure for FAW Hongqi.

　　In terms of products, the main action of FAW Hongqi in 2020 is to bring the medium and large-sized red flag H9 designed by former Rolls-Royce design director Giles Taylor and China designer Ding Yangfeng to the market, and release the pure electric SUV red flag E115. However, considering the positioning of these two products, their prices will certainly not be too close to the people, and it is not known how much they can contribute to Hongqi’s sales target.

Luxury brand: "overlord" translocation

　　Before 2019, Cadillac was the most detached existence among second-tier luxury brands, but when Lexus continued to heat up, Cadillac’s dominance of second-tier luxury brands was constantly threatened. After entering 2020, the competition in the second-tier luxury brand market suddenly escalated. Lexus officially defeated Cadillac with a total of 51,167 vehicles and became the new "overlord" in this field.

Cadillac CT4』

　　Since the second half of 2019, Cadillac began to switch between new and old products. The original sales models Cadillac ATS-L and Cadillac XTS were discontinued one after another. The brand once faced the dilemma of no car to sell. However, with the launch of Cadillac CT5 and Cadillac CT4, the company’s "3+3" product layout has been formed, officially bidding farewell to the most difficult period.

　　Compared with Cadillac, which is about to switch products, Lexus, which is currently on the "throne", is not easy. In terms of production capacity, Toyota has decided to cut the production capacity of Japanese factories by 50% in May and 40% in June. As a result, Lexus, which has not achieved domestic production, will encounter a bottleneck in production capacity supply, and this is also the best time for Cadillac to overtake.

"lexus es"

　　Although it is impossible to compete with Cadillac and Lexus for the time being, compared with itself, Volvo’s report card in April is quite excellent, with a sales volume of 14,698 vehicles and a year-on-year increase of 21%, setting a new record for the company’s sales in China in April. The monthly sales of its main model Volvo XC60 increased by 22% year-on-year, which also set the highest monthly sales record of Volvo Cars in China market.

　　Editor’s summary:More than half of the 24 car companies achieved positive sales growth in April. Although this report card is not bad, it obviously falls short of the expectation of "retaliatory consumption" from the outside world. Although compared with the first quarter, the sales performance of car companies rebounded significantly in April, it was still not enough to make up for the trauma caused by the previous decline in sales.

　　However, compared with before the epidemic, the "skills" of car companies are obviously richer. They have learned how to better market and sell cars online, and also learned how to achieve win-win results and mutual benefit with dealers. As long as the car companies can continue to carry forward these "skills", it is only a matter of time before they can find their normal state and achieve further sales growth. (Text/car home Chen Can)